Life Cycle Impact Assessment of Garbage-Classification Based Municipal Solid Waste Management Systems: A Comparative Case Study in China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Current Garbage Classification Practice
1.2. State of the Art of Life Cycle Assessment on Municipal Solid Waste Management Systems
1.3. Uncertainty Analysis Practice in Life Cycle Assessment Studies
1.4. Research Gaps in Municipal Solid Waste Management Life Cycle Assessments and Scope of the Present Study
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Garbage-Classification Based Municipal Solid Waste Management Scenarios
2.2. Main Waste Treatment Processes
2.3. Life Cycle Assessment Goal and Scope Definition
2.4. Life Cycle Inventory Data
2.5. Life Cycle Impact Assessment Methodology
2.6. Uncertainty Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Life Cycle Impact Assessment
3.1.1. Midpoint Impacts
3.1.2. Endpoint Impacts
3.1.3. Single Scored Impacts
3.2. Uncertainty Analysis
3.2.1. Uncertainties of Midpoint Impact Comparisons in Between Scenario 1, Scenario 2 and Scenario 3
3.2.2. Uncertainties of Damages, i.e., Endpoint Impact Comparisons in Between Scenario 1, Scenario 2 and Scenario 3
3.2.3. Uncertainties of Single-Scored Impacts in Between Scenario 1, Scenario 2, and Scenario 3
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Composition | Proportion (%) | Detailed Composition |
---|---|---|
Paper/cardboard | 13.35 | Waste books, newspapers, paper boxes, waste papers, waste toilet papers, sanitary napkins etc. |
Metals | 1.21 | Aluminum cans, tin cans, wasted metal components and parts (excluding button batteries), etc. |
Glass | 3.14 | Glass bottles, bowls, containers, handicraft, etc. |
Plastics | 14.54 | Plastic bottles, packages, wet contaminated plastic, rubbers, leatherware, etc. |
Textiles | 4.45 | Wasted cloth, cotton textiles, etc. |
Ceramics | 3.62 | Wasted bricks, tiles, ceramics, stones, cement, etc. |
Wood/bamboo | 3.53 | Wasted wood, bamboo, flowers, plants, etc. |
Ashes | 9.07 | Dirt, ash, lime sands, etc. |
Kitchen waste | 46.54 | Wasted plant foods, meats, fruits, etc. |
Hazardous | 0.55 | Wasted batteries, paints, pesticides, etc. |
Damage Category | Impact Category | Unit | S-1 | S-2 | S-3 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Human health | Human health total | DALY | 1.6959E−05 | 1.7070E−05 | 1.6827E−05 |
Carcinogens | DALY | 7.763E−07 | 7.445E−07 | 6.766E−07 | |
Non-carcinogens | DALY | 1.179E−06 | 1.176E−06 | 1.156E−06 | |
Respiratory inorganics | DALY | 1.500E−05 | 1.515E−05 | 1.499E−05 | |
Ionizing radiation | DALY | 2.677E−08 | 2.562E−08 | 2.279E−08 | |
Ozone layer depletion | DALY | 2.346E−09 | 2.377E−09 | 2.392E−09 | |
Respiratory organics | DALY | 2.494E−08 | 2.556E−08 | 2.586E−08 | |
Ecosystem quality | Ecosystem quality total | PDF*m2*yr | 1.9357E+01 | 1.9631E+01 | 1.9591E+01 |
Aquatic ecotoxicity | PDF*m2*yr | 1.376E−01 | 1.384E−01 | 1.376E−01 | |
Terrestrial ecotoxicity | PDF*m2*yr | 7.445E+00 | 7.506E+00 | 7.472E+00 | |
Terrestrial acid/nutri | PDF*m2*yr | 3.880E−01 | 3.959E−01 | 3.963E−01 | |
Land occupation | PDF*m2*yr | 1.141E+01 | 1.161E+01 | 1.160E+01 | |
Aquatic acidification | - | - | - | - | |
Aquatic eutrophication | - | - | - | - | |
Climate change | Climate change total | kg CO2 eq | 1.1052E+01 | 1.1093E+01 | 1.0965E+01 |
Global warming | kg CO2 eq | 1.105E+01 | 1.109E+01 | 1.097E+01 | |
Resources | Resources total | MJ primary | 1.8796E+02 | 1.8856E+02 | 1.8508E+02 |
Non-renewable energy | MJ primary | 1.874E+02 | 1.880E+02 | 1.846E+02 | |
Mineral extraction | MJ primary | 6.016E−01 | 5.546E−01 | 5.131E−01 |
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Yuan, Y.; Li, T.; Zhai, Q. Life Cycle Impact Assessment of Garbage-Classification Based Municipal Solid Waste Management Systems: A Comparative Case Study in China. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 5310. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17155310
Yuan Y, Li T, Zhai Q. Life Cycle Impact Assessment of Garbage-Classification Based Municipal Solid Waste Management Systems: A Comparative Case Study in China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(15):5310. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17155310
Chicago/Turabian StyleYuan, Yujun, Tong Li, and Qiang Zhai. 2020. "Life Cycle Impact Assessment of Garbage-Classification Based Municipal Solid Waste Management Systems: A Comparative Case Study in China" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 15: 5310. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17155310