Lysine Deprivation during Maternal Consumption of Low-Protein Diets Could Adversely Affect Early Embryo Development and Health in Adulthood
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- Is RNA, encoding the protein that regulates glutamate synthesis from lysine (alpha-aminoadipic semialdehyde synthase), relatively abundant in hES cells?
- Is the amount of lysine consumed by hES cells equal to or greater than the amount of glutamate the cells produce?
- Is RNA encoding one or more metabotropic glutamate receptors expressed in hES cells?
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. hES Cell Culture
2.2. Mesenchymal Differentiation
2.3. Osteogenic Differentiation
2.4. Vascular Differentiation
2.5. Neural Differentiation
2.6. RNA Isolation
2.7. Microarray Data Preparation
2.8. RNA Sequencing Analysis
2.9. Amino Acid Production/Utilization
2.10. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Expression of RNA Encoding Alpha-Aminoadipic Semialdehyde Synthase (LKRSDH)
3.2. Production/Utilization of Glutamate and Lysine by hES Cells (H9 Cell Line)
3.3. hES Cells Express at Least Two Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors
4. Discussion
5. Limitations/Future Directions
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Van Winkle, L.J.; Galat, V.; Iannaccone, P.M. Lysine Deprivation during Maternal Consumption of Low-Protein Diets Could Adversely Affect Early Embryo Development and Health in Adulthood. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 5462. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17155462
Van Winkle LJ, Galat V, Iannaccone PM. Lysine Deprivation during Maternal Consumption of Low-Protein Diets Could Adversely Affect Early Embryo Development and Health in Adulthood. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(15):5462. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17155462
Chicago/Turabian StyleVan Winkle, Lon J., Vasiliy Galat, and Philip M. Iannaccone. 2020. "Lysine Deprivation during Maternal Consumption of Low-Protein Diets Could Adversely Affect Early Embryo Development and Health in Adulthood" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 15: 5462. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17155462