Examining How Ambidextrous Leadership Relates to Affective Commitment and Workplace Deviance Behavior of Employees: The Moderating Role of Supervisor–Subordinate Exchange Guanxi
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Theory and Hypotheses
2.1. Theoretical Discussion
2.2. Ambidextrous Leadership and Workplace Deviance
2.3. The Mediating Role of Affective Commitment
2.4. The Moderating Role of Supervisor–Subordinate Exchange Guanxi
3. Method
3.1. Participants and Procedures
3.2. Measures
3.3. Validity Analyses
4. Results
5. Discussion
5.1. Theoretical Implicationss
5.2. Practical Implications
5.3. Limitations and Future Research Directions
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Measurement Models | χ2(df) | Δχ2(Δdf) | CFI | TLI | IFI | RMSEA | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
six-factor | Tf,Ta,Ac,Gx,Id,Od | 277.21(137) ** | - | 0.93 | 0.92 | 0.93 | 0.07 |
five-factor | Tf + Ta, Ac,Gx, Id,Od | 404.01(142) ** | 126.80(5) ** | 0.87 | 0.85 | 0.88 | 0.09 |
five-factor | Tf,Ta, Ac,Gx, Id + Od | 595.54(142) ** | 318.33(5) ** | 0.88 | 0.84 | 0.88 | 0.10 |
four-factor | Tf + Ta,Ac,Gx,Id + Od | 722.83(146) ** | 445.62(9) ** | 0.82 | 0.80 | 0.82 | 0.11 |
three-factor | Tf + Ta,Ac + Gx,Id + Od | 993.90(149) ** | 716.69(12) ** | 0.79 | 0.73 | 0.70 | 0.16 |
two-factor | Tf + Ta + Ac,Gx + Id + Od | 1309.23(151) ** | 1032.02(14) ** | 0.54 | 0.56 | 0.54 | 0.19 |
Transformational Leadership | |||||||
four-factor | Tf1,Tf2,Tf3,Tf4 | 576.20(233) ** | - | 0.91 | 0.90 | 0.91 | 0.06 |
three-factor | Tf1 + Tf2,Tf3,Tf4 | 1265.69(237) ** | 689.49(4) ** | 0.89 | 0.86 | 0.87 | 0.10 |
two-factor | Tf1 + Tf2,Tf3 + Tf4 | 1749.25(241) ** | 1173.05(8) ** | 0.75 | 0.74 | 0.76 | 0.13 |
one-factor | Tf1 + Tf2 + Tf3 + Tf4 | 2349.19(245) ** | 1772.99(12) ** | 0.68 | 0.64 | 0.66 | 0.19 |
Transactional Leadership | |||||||
two-factor | Ta1,Ta2 | 206.89(41) ** | - | 0.96 | 0.95 | 0.96 | 0.06 |
one-factor | Ta1 + Ta2 | 334.45(43) ** | 127.56(2) ** | 0.88 | 0.81 | 0.85 | 0.08 |
M | SD | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Gender | 1.57 | 0.49 | — | ||||||||
2 | Age | 32.40 | 0.83 | −0.11 | — | |||||||
3 | Education | 2.56 | 0.71 | 0.07 | 0.03 | — | ||||||
4 | Working seniority | 4.58 | 0.91 | −0.12 | 0.31 ** | −0.19 ** | — | |||||
5 | ambidextrous leadership | 13.45 | 4.59 | 0.08 | 0.05 | 0.00 | 0.11 | — | ||||
6 | affective commitment | 3.77 | 0.82 | 0.02 | 0.17 | 0.10 | 0.21 | 0.26 ** | — | |||
7 | supervisor-subordinate exchange guanxi | 3.47 | 0.68 | 0.10 | 0.17 * | 0.01 | 0.14 * | 0.01 | 0.14 * | — | ||
8 | organizational deviance | 2.51 | 0.76 | 0.16 * | −0.11 | −0.04 | −0.15 | −0.27 ** | −0.25 ** | −0.08 | — | |
9 | interpersonal deviance | 2.16 | 0.74 | 0.17 * | −0.13 | −0.00 | −0.21 | −0.29 ** | −0.23 ** | −0.12 | 0.21 ** | — |
The Mediating Effect Test | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
The Mediating Results | β | SE | t | p | R2 | △R2 | F | |
M1 | Ambidextrous leadership → Organizational deviance | −0.04 ** | 0.06 | 3.95 | 0.00 | 0.11 | 0.07 | 5.12 ** |
M2 | Ambidextrous leadership → Organizational deviance Affective commitment → Organizational deviance | −0.02 * −0.24 ** | 0.04 0.05 | 4.18 8.73 | 0.03 0.00 | 0.35 | 0.24 | 18.50 ** |
M3 | Ambidextrous leadership → Interpersonal deviance | −0.19 ** | 0.07 | 4.15 | 0.00 | 0.12 | 0.09 | 5.45 ** |
M4 | Ambidextrous leadership → Interpersonal deviance Affective commitment → Interpersonal deviance | −0.12 * −0.22 ** | 0.05 0.05 | 6.23 8.35 | 0.01 0.00 | 0.33 | 0.22 | 17.64 ** |
Sobel Test Results | Effect | SE | LL 95% CI | UL 95% CI | z | p | ||
Ambidextrous leadership → Organizational deviance Ambidextrous leadership → Interpersonal deviance | −0.02 −0.13 | 0.04 0.05 | −0.39 −0.31 | −0.11 −0.13 | −3.13 −3.09 | 0.00 0.00 | ||
Conditional Indirect Effect Results | Effect | SE | LL 99% CI | UL 99% CI | ||||
Ambidextrous leadership → Organizational deviance Ambidextrous leadership → Interpersonal deviance | −0.02 −0.12 | 0.05 0.06 | −0.44 −0.42 | −0.06 −0.07 | ||||
The Moderating Effect Test | ||||||||
The Moderating Results | β | SE | t | p | R2 | ΔR2 | F | |
M5 | Ambidextrous leadership → Organizational deviance S-s exchange guanxi → Organizational deviance Ambidextrous leadership × S-s exchange guanxi → Organizational deviance | −0.25 ** −0.12 ** −0.06 ** | 0.06 0.11 0.04 | 4.22 3.07 3.53 | 0.00 0.00 0.00 | 0.16 | 0.25 | 5.76 ** |
M6 | Ambidextrous leadership → Interpersonal deviance S-s exchange guanxi → Interpersonal deviance Ambidextrous leadership × S-s exchange guanxi → Interpersonal deviance | −0.21 ** −0.27 * −0.05 ** | 0.06 0.10 0.03 | 5.33 3.98 8.29 | 0.00 0.02 0.00 | 0.15 | 0.32 | 5.25 ** |
M7 | Ambidextrous leadership → Affective commitment S-s exchange guanxi → Affective commitment Ambidextrous leadership × S-s exchange guanxi → Affective commitment | 0.28 ** 0.17 ** 0.07 ** | 0.07 0.25 0.02 | 4.40 6.28 3.70 | 0.00 0.00 0.00 | 0.18 | 0.54 | 6.56 ** |
The Moderated MediationEffect Test | ||||||||
The Bootstrapping Results of Conditional Indirect Effect | Effect | SE | LL 99% CI | UL 99% CI | ||||
Ambidextrous leadership → Organizational deviance | Low (–1 SD) High (+1 SD) | −0.38 −0.05 | 0.01 0.02 | −0.02 −0.13 | 0.06 −0.03 | |||
The results of moderating mediation | Low (–1 SD) High (+1 SD) | −0.03 | 0.01 | −0.07 | −0.01 | |||
Ambidextrous leadership → Interpersonal deviance | −0.18 −0.23 | 0.04 0.05 | −0.13 −0.30 | 0.04 −0.22 | ||||
The results of moderating mediation | −0.06 | 0.02 | −0.06 | −0.01 |
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Wu, M.; Wang, R.; He, P.; Estay, C.; Akram, Z. Examining How Ambidextrous Leadership Relates to Affective Commitment and Workplace Deviance Behavior of Employees: The Moderating Role of Supervisor–Subordinate Exchange Guanxi. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 5500. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17155500
Wu M, Wang R, He P, Estay C, Akram Z. Examining How Ambidextrous Leadership Relates to Affective Commitment and Workplace Deviance Behavior of Employees: The Moderating Role of Supervisor–Subordinate Exchange Guanxi. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(15):5500. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17155500
Chicago/Turabian StyleWu, Mengying, Rongsong Wang, Peixu He, Christophe Estay, and Zubair Akram. 2020. "Examining How Ambidextrous Leadership Relates to Affective Commitment and Workplace Deviance Behavior of Employees: The Moderating Role of Supervisor–Subordinate Exchange Guanxi" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 15: 5500. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17155500