Factors Associated with the Health Literacy on Social Determinants of Health: A Focus on Socioeconomic Position and Work Environment
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. HL-SDH
2.3. Socioeconomic Status
2.4. Work Environment
2.5. General Characteristics
2.6. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Participant’s General Characteristics
3.2. Level of Workers’ HL-SDH
3.3. Disparities in HL-SDH of Heath Based on Workers’ Socioeconomic Status
3.4. Disparities in the HL-SDH Based on Work Environment
3.5. Factors Affecting the HL-SDH
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | Characteristics | Categories | N (%) | HL-SDH | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
M ± SD | t or F (p) | ||||
General character-ristics | Age (year) | 20–29 | 132 (20.0) | 2.54 ± 0.47 | 1.42 (0.227) |
30–39 | 132 (20.0) | 2.42 ± 0.37 | |||
40–49 | 132 (20.0) | 2.47 ± 0.46 | |||
50–59 | 132 (20.0) | 2.50 ± 0.40 | |||
60–64 | 132 (20.0) | 2.48 ± 0.42 | |||
Marital status | No | 225 (34.1) | 2.52 ± 0.43 | 1.24 (0.289) | |
Yes | 373 (56.5) | 2.46 ± 0.42 | |||
Divorced or Separated | 62 (9.4) | 2.46 ± 0.42 | |||
Living together or not | Alone | 135 (20.5) | 2.53 ± 0.44 | 1.43 (0.240) | |
With Family | 408 (61.8) | 2.46 ± 0.42 | |||
Acquaintance | 117 (17.7) | 2.50 ± 0.42 | |||
Religion | Yes | 327 (49.5) | 2.50 ± 0.41 | 1.19 (0.234) | |
No | 333 (50.5) | 2.46 ± 0.44 | |||
Region | Metropolitan | 330 (50.0) | 2.49 ± 0.43 | 0.45 (0.717) | |
Chungcheong-do | 49 (7.4) | 2.42 ± 0.38 | |||
Gyeongsang-do | 63 (9.6) | 2.47 ± 0.42 | |||
Jeolla-do | 218 (33.0) | 2.48 ± 0.43 | |||
Perceived physical health status | Good | 381 (57.7) | 2.49 ± 0.44 | 0.89 (0.374) | |
Poor | 279 (42.3) | 2.46 ± 0.41 | |||
Perceived mental health status | Good | 478 (72.4) | 2.50 ± 0.44 | 2.24 (0.026) | |
Poor | 182 (27.6) | 2.42 ± 0.39 |
Subscale | Item | M ± SD | |
---|---|---|---|
Access | 1 | Find out about the impact of social position on health | 2.38 ± 0.76 |
2 | Find information related to the impact of the daily life of a mother on the growth of the child to be born | 2.70 ± 0.82 | |
3 | Find someone who is isolated from society and whose health is failing | 2.18 ± 0.81 | |
4 | Find information on the relation between unemployment and stress | 2.59 ± 0.82 | |
5 | Find out the support required by someone in trouble in the community or workplace | 2.32 ± 0.78 | |
6 | Find out smoking is not going to eliminate the cause of stress | 2.70 ± 0.85 | |
7 | Find information about the relationship between dietary changes and health | 2.87 ± 0.81 | |
TTL | 2.53 ± 0.51 | ||
Understand | 8 | Understand that the lesser the income the greater the tendency to become ill | 2.64 ± 0.83 |
9 | Understand that abuse suffered as a child has an impact even when one becomes an adult | 2.99 ± 0.85 | |
10 | Understand that being isolated from the community and workplace impacts health | 2.78 ± 0.82 | |
11 | Understand that determining how to proceed working on one’s own is related to stress | 2.66 ± 0.81 | |
12 | Understand that work that is not stable becomes a huge stress | 3.05 ± 0.86 | |
13 | Understand that widening income disparities dilute the ties between people | 2.91 ± 0.84 | |
14 | Understand that in a society with a high level of stress, there is a tendency toward dependency on drugs | 2.79 ± 0.86 | |
TTL | 2.83 ± 0.61 | ||
Appraise | 15 | Judge what inequities exist in society in view of living a healthy life | 2.55 ± 0.82 |
16 | Judge what kind of government services should be supplied to those really in need of support | 2.42 ± 0.81 | |
17 | Judge what level of burden of work has on health | 2.51 ± 0.87 | |
18 | Judge what kind of support should be supplied to someone in trouble in the community or workplace | 2.36 ± 0.75 | |
19 | Judge how neighbors should help each other | 2.47 ± 0.79 | |
20 | Judge the merits and demerits of the spread of processed foods | 2.48 ± 0.82 | |
21 | Judge the kind of impact that motorization has on health | 2.56 ± 0.82 | |
TTL | 2.49 ± 0.54 | ||
Apply | 22 | Cooperate in the creation of a fair society in which everyone can live a healthy life | 2.33 ± 0.84 |
23 | Involve oneself in politics and public administration to help small children live a healthy life | 2.23 ± 0.80 | |
24 | Participate in childcare support activities | 2.32 ± 0.78 | |
25 | Participate in activities to eliminate poverty | 2.21 ± 0.82 | |
26 | Involve oneself in politics and public administration to protect the health of workers both institutionally and legally | 2.06 ± 0.83 | |
27 | Approach the manager or the employer regarding rewards that do not match efforts done at work | 1.92 ± 0.79 | |
28 | Participate in activities to increase employment and vocational training opportunities | 2.26 ± 0.75 | |
29 | Participate in activities that support an individual, including his or her family, who is in trouble in the community or workplace | 2.23 ± 0.76 | |
30 | Participate in activities to spread the importance of ties with people for health | 2.40 ± 0.76 | |
31 | Involve oneself in politics and public administration to make it easier for persons who have used illegal drugs to receive treatment | 2.07 ± 0.78 | |
32 | Participate in activities that promote a healthy diet | 2.64 ± 0.79 | |
33 | Involve oneself in politics and public administration to seek road priority for pedestrians and cyclists | 2.29 ± 0.81 | |
TTL | 2.27 ± 0.51 | ||
HL-SDH (Total of 33 items) | 2.48 ± 0.42 (Range 1.15–3.82) |
Variables | Characteristics | Categories | N (%) | HL-SDH | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
M | t or F (p) | ||||
Socioeconomic position | Social stratum group † | Class I | 92 (13.9) | 2.47 ± 0.40 | 1.34 (0.259) |
Class II | 427 (64.7) | 2.50 ± 0.43 | |||
Class III | 45 (6.8) | 2.43 ± 0.45 | |||
Class IV | 96 (14.6) | 2.42 ± 0.39 | |||
Gender | Male | 330 (50.0) | 2.49 ± 0.45 | 0.35 (0.724) | |
Female | 330 (50.0) | 2.47 ± 0.40 | |||
Education level | <High school | 8 (1.2) | 2.31 ± 0.46 | −1.16 (0.245) | |
≥High school | 652 (98.8) | 2.48 ± 0.42 | |||
Job category ‡ | Office Job | 427 (64.7) | 2.49 ± 0.43 | 0.65 (0.523) | |
Blue Collar Job | 188 (28.5) | 2.46 ± 0.41 | |||
Freelancer | 45 (6.8) | 2.43 ± 0.45 | |||
Annual income (million KRW) | <20 | 121 (18.3) | 2.46 ± 0.41 | 3.58 (0.014) b < a | |
20–<30 | 171 (25.9) | 2.47 ± 0.43 | |||
30–<40 a | 135 (20.5) | 2.58 ± 0.44 | |||
≥40 b | 233 (35.3) | 2.44 ± 0.41 | |||
Work environment | Years of employment | <10 | 351 (53.2) | 2.49 ± 0.43 | 0.11 (0.898) |
10–<20 | 166 (25.1) | 2.47 ± 0.45 | |||
≥20 | 143 (21.7) | 2.48 ± 0.40 | |||
Job class | Staff | 279 (42.3) | 2.50 ± 0.43 | 1.02 (0.309) | |
≥Manager | 381 (57.7) | 2.47 ± 0.42 | |||
Employment status | Permanent | 460 (69.7) | 2.47 ± 0.43 | −0.84 (0.401) | |
Temporary | 200 (30.3) | 2.50 ± 0.41 | |||
Full time or part time | Full time | 544 (82.4) | 2.47 ± 0.42 | −1.48 (0.140) | |
Part time | 116 (17.6) | 2.53 ± 0.44 | |||
Shift duty | Yes | 89 (13.5) | 2.51 ± 0.45 | 0.77 (0.443) | |
No | 571 (86.5) | 2.48 ± 0.42 | |||
Work in weekends | Yes | 203 (30.8) | 2.47 ± 0.42 | −0.26 (0.796) | |
No | 457 (69.2) | 2.48 ± 0.43 | |||
Working time (week) | ≤40 | 231 (35.0) | 2.50 ± 0.39 | 0.67 (0.501) | |
>40 | 429 (65.0) | 2.47 ± 0.44 | |||
Worksite size | <50 c | 412 (62.4) | 2.46 ± 0.42 | 2.68 (0.046) c < d | |
50–<100 | 83 (12.6) | 2.46 ± 0.40 | |||
100–<300 d | 71 (10.8) | 2.60 ± 0.47 | |||
≥300 | 94 (14.2) | 2.51 ± 0.43 |
Variables | Characteristics | Categories | HL-SDH | |
---|---|---|---|---|
β | p | |||
General characteristic | Perceived mental health status | −0.08 | 0.044 | |
Socioeconomic position | Annual income (million KRW) (ref: ≥40) | <20 | 0.04 | 0.461 |
20–<30 | 0.07 | 0.139 | ||
30–<40 | 0.16 | <0.001 | ||
Work environment | Full time or part time (ref: full time) | Part time | 0.08 | 0.063 |
Worksite size (ref: <50) | 50–<100 | 0.02 | 0.589 | |
100–<300 | 0.12 | 0.002 | ||
≥300 | 0.07 | 0.106 | ||
Adjusted R2 = 0.03, F = 3.64, p = <0.001 |
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Cho, M.; Lee, Y.-M.; Lim, S.j.; Lee, H. Factors Associated with the Health Literacy on Social Determinants of Health: A Focus on Socioeconomic Position and Work Environment. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 6663. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186663
Cho M, Lee Y-M, Lim Sj, Lee H. Factors Associated with the Health Literacy on Social Determinants of Health: A Focus on Socioeconomic Position and Work Environment. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(18):6663. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186663
Chicago/Turabian StyleCho, Mikyeong, Young-Me Lee, Seung joo Lim, and Hyeonkyeong Lee. 2020. "Factors Associated with the Health Literacy on Social Determinants of Health: A Focus on Socioeconomic Position and Work Environment" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 18: 6663. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186663