Effect of the Modification of the Number of Players, the Size of the Goal, and the Size of the Field in Competition on the Play Actions in U-12 Male Football
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Design
2.2. Participants
2.3. Variables
2.4. Procedure
2.5. Data Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Rules | Official Rules (Football-8) | Modified Rules (Football-5) |
---|---|---|
Number of players | 7 outfield players + 1 goalkeeper | 4 outfield players + 1 goalkeeper |
Number of players (team) | 15 | 7 |
Field size (m) | 58 × 38 m | 38 × 20 m |
Goal size (m) | 6 × 2 m | 3 × 2 m |
Penalty area size (m) | 24 × 9 m | 12 × 6 m |
Goal area size (m) | 12 × 3 m | None used |
Ratio of m2 per field player | 314 m2 | 190 m2 |
m2 of the goal | 12 m2 | 6 m2 |
Ball size (n) | 4 | 4 |
Substitutions | Unlimited | Unlimited |
Time (minutes) | 2 × 20 | 2 × 20 |
Player Action | Tournament 1 Football 8 | Tournament 2 Football 5 | Tournament 3 Football 8 | Significance Post Hoc | Effect Size (η2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Steal | 5.84 ± 4.54 | 6.57 ± 6.09 | 6.14 ± 3.83 | n.s. | 0.054 |
Clearance | 10.08 ± 5.40 | 14.14 ± 8.93 | 11.57 ± 5.76 | T1 < T2 = T3 | 0.330 |
Rebound | 1.46 ± 1.75 | 2.16 ± 2.19 | 1.57 ± 1.60 | n.s. | 0.119 |
Pass interception | 10.54 ± 10.24 | 14.92 ± 11.68 | 12.19 ± 10.14 | T1 < T2 = T3 | 0.295 |
Set-piece kick | 3.84 ± 3.78 | 5.05 ± 4.15 | 3.86 ± 3.38 | n.s. | 0.109 |
Teammate Pass | 20.76 ± 14.38 | 28.54 ± 20.20 | 24.78 ± 14.26 | T1 < T2 = T3 | 0.339 |
Pass after throw-in | 2.65 ± 2.77 | 4.84 ± 3.68 | 3.32 ± 2.79 | T1 < T2 = T3 | 0.341 |
Pass after set piece | 3.62 ± 3.41 | 4.30 ± 3.54 | 3.16 ± 2.91 | n.s. | 0.145 |
Throw-in | 4.68 ± 8.08 | 9.62 ± 7.74 | 6.68 ± 11.23 | T1 < T2 = T3 | 0.484 |
Variable | Categories | Tournament 1 Football 8 | Tournament 2 Football 5 | Tournament 3 Football 8 | Significance Post Hoc | Effect Size (η2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ball height | At ground level | 32.73 ± 20.39 | 42.11 ± 30.96 | 36.97 ± 19.57 | T1 < T2 = T3 | 0.263 |
Middle ball | 9.35 ± 5.86 | 11.92 ± 7.57 | 10.81 ± 4.80 | T1 < T2 = T3 | 0.285 | |
High ball | 11.00 ± 6.22 | 18.59 ± 11.16 | 13.38 ± 6.86 | T1 < T2 > T3 | 0.443 | |
Part obtaining the ball | Foot | 49.22 ± 28.94 | 66.68 ± 41.52 | 56.78 ± 26.73 | T1 < T2 = T3 | 0.384 |
Hand | 5.49 ± 8.48 | 9.86 ± 7.82 | 7.78 ± 11.17 | T1 < T2 = T3 | 0.288 | |
Head | 5.08 ± 4.65 | 9.65 ± 7.08 | 6.54 ± 5.47 | T1 < T2 > T3 | 0.433 | |
Other | 1.76 ± 1.99 | 3.27 ± 3.05 | 2.16 ± 1.80 | T1 < T2 = T3 | 0.263 | |
Distance from nearest opponent | Very close | 16.41 ± 8.78 | 22.62 ± 16.71 | 19.92 ± 10.12 | T1 < T2 = T3 | 0.287 |
Close | 13.68 ± 8.83 | 17.32 ± 12.33 | 15.92 ± 9.20 | T1 < T2 = T3 | 0.250 | |
Near | 10.70 ± 6.62 | 14.51 ± 8.40 | 11.03 ± 5.38 | T1 < T2 > T3 | 0.281 | |
Far away | 19.65 ± 13.16 | 37.08 ± 23.19 | 26.41 ± 19.87 | T1 < T2 > T3 | 0.675 | |
Teammates supporting | Yes | 24.89 ± 15.57 | 38.19 ± 25.63 | 30.41 ± 19.81 | T1 < T2 > T3 | 0.444 |
Variable | Categories | Tournament 1 Football 8 | Tournament 2 Football 5 | Tournament 3 Football 8 | Signific. Post Hoc | Effect Size (η2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Collective tactical actions | No tactical actions | 63.14 ± 33.97 | 88.83 ± 53.53 | 72.64 ± 35.71 | T1 < T2 > T3 | 0.414 |
Wall pass | 1.58 ± 2.13 | 2.00 ± 3.08 | 0.061 ± 1.10 | T1 = T2 > T3 | 0.314 | |
Others | 0.25 ± 0.73 | 1.39 ± 1.53 | 0.11 ± 0.31 | T1 < T2 > T3 | 0.409 | |
Dribbles | No dribbling | 50.89 ± 27.26 | 76.24 ± 43.72 | 60.32 ± 30.48 | T1 < T2 > T3 | 0.483 |
One | 8.84 ± 7.49 | 10.70 ± 9.52 | 8.86 ± 6.43 | n.s. | 0.105 | |
≥2 | 4.35 ± 4.88 | 4.89 ± 5.35 | 4.08 ± 3.51 | n.s. | 0.054 | |
Number of contacts in driving | No contacts | 40.59 ± 23.59 | 58.22 ± 34.44 | 47.95 ± 26.77 | T1 < T2 > T3 | 0.408 |
2 contacts | 13.92 ± 8.34 | 18.32 ± 12.95 | 16.22 ± 9.67 | T1 < T2 = T3 | 0.272 | |
3–4 contacts | 5.70 ± 5.75 | 7.22 ± 6.70 | 6.97 ± 5.96 | n.s. | 0.142 | |
Type of dribble | There is no dribbling | 40.19 ± 23.38 | 57.43 ± 33.50 | 47.81 ± 26.73 | T1 < T2 > T3 | 0.406 |
Timing | 13.86 ± 8.41 | 19.68 ± 14.28 | 16.32 ± 9.69 | T1 < T2 = T3 | 0.310 | |
Counterattack | 9.65 ± 9.91 | 10.43 ±1 0.75 | 9.03 ± 7.36 | n.s. | 0.048 | |
Penetration | 0.30 ± 0.66 | 4.30 ± 3.62 | 0.08 ± 0.27 | T1 < T2 > T3 | 0.593 | |
Pressure lines passed with ball | No pass line | 33.59 ± 19.03 | 64.22 ± 32.78 | 48.05 ± 25.10 | T1 < T2 > T3 | 0.713 |
One line | 19.54 ± 17.90 | 23.89 ± 22.75 | 22.49 ± 14.86 | T1 <T 2 = T3 | 0.231 | |
More than one line | 3.54 ± 3.83 | 3.73 ± 4.24 | 2.73 ± 2.21 | n.s. | 0.081 |
Player Action | Tournament 1 Football 8 | Tournament 2 Football 5 | Tournament 3 Football 8 | Significance Post Hoc | Effect Size (η2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pass to teammate | 20.03 ± 14.27 | 26.65 ± 20.75 | 27.97 ± 15.79 | T1 < T2 = T3 | 0.418 |
Lost pass | 0.73 ± 1.40 | 0.89 ± 1.62 | 0.54 ± 0.93 | n.s | 0.075 |
Throw-in pass | 1.62 ± 2.60 | 4.70 ± 3.82 | 1.32 ± 1.70 | T1 < T2 > T3 | 0.569 |
Shot off target | 3.38 ± 3.36 | 4.43 ± 3.49 | 3.24 ± 2.76 | n.s. | 0.144 |
Shot stopped by the goalkeeper | 2.95 ± 3.13 | 6.73 ± 4.81 | 3.65 ± 3.22 | T1 < T2 > T3 | 0.486 |
Ball lost | 12.08 ± 7.92 | 16.24 ± 13.44 | 11.57 ± 7.48 | T1 < T2 > T3 | 0.187 |
Clearance from a player | 15.08 ± 12.03 | 22.95 ± 13.32 | 18.81 ± 14.57 | T1 < T2 > T3 | 0.503 |
Out of bounds | 2.68 ± 2.00 | 4.54 ± 3.71 | 2.43 ± 2.15 | T1 < T2 > T3 | 0.307 |
Other action | 2.86 ± 2.69 | 4.65 ± 3.90 | 3.49 ±2.99 | T1 < T2 = T3 | 0.278 |
Variable | Categories | Tournament 1 Football 8 | Tournament 2 Football 5 | Tournament 3 Football 8 | Significance Post Hoc | Effect Size (η2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ball height | At ground level | 30.89 ± 20.27 | 30.38 ± 23.59 | 35.62 ± 19.18 | n.s. | 0.112 |
Middle ball | 8.78 ± 5.01 | 23.32 ± 13.81 | 10.27 ± 5.26 | T1 < T2 > T3 | 0.668 | |
High ball | 24.38 ± 17.40 | 38.08 ± 23.80 | 27.35 ± 20.51 | T1 < T2 > T3 | 0.399 | |
Final body part in contact with the ball | Foot | 50.68 ± 27.03 | 67.95 ± 41.53 | 58.97 ± 27.36 | T1 < T2 = T3 | 0.351 |
Hand | 5.49 ± 8.11 | 9.84 ± 7.50 | 7.32 ± 11.01 | T1 < T2 = T3 | 0.435 | |
Head | 7.03 ± 5.21 | 12.59 ± 8.53 | 6.35 ± 4.68 | T1 < T2 > T3 | 0.455 | |
Other | 0.84 ± 1.16 | 1.46 ± 1.64 | 0.62 ± 0.75 | T1 < T2 > T3 | 0.260 | |
Distance from nearest opponent | Very close | 25.81 ± 15.79 | 34.70 ± 24.44 | 27.46 ± 14.44 | T1 < T2 > T3 | 0.271 |
Close | 14.51 ± 7.82 | 20.95 ± 12.40 | 18.24 ± 7.96 | T1 < T2 = T3 | 0.434 | |
Near | 11.11 ± 8.68 | 12.16 ± 9.24 | 9.62 ± 7.28 | n.s. | 0.133 | |
Far away | 12.19 ± 11.40 | 24.03 ± 15.14 | 17.86 ± 16.75 | T1 < T2 > T3 | 0.538 | |
Teammates supporting | Yes | 26.92 ± 17.67 | 38.59 ± 27.72 | 30.27 ± 16.26 | T1 < T2 > T3 | 0.372 |
Pressure lines surpassed with ball | No pass line | 38.57 ± 20.20 | 54.22 ± 30.69 | 47.19 ± 23.88 | T1 < T2 = T3 | 0.385 |
One line | 22.00 ± 15.09 | 33.46 ± 24.79 | 23.27 ± 13.59 | T1 < T2 > T3 | 0.428 | |
More than one line | 3.57 ± 5.28 | 3.86 ± 3.83 | 2.78 ± 3.02 | n.s. | 0.128 |
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García-Angulo, A.; Palao, J.M.; Giménez-Egido, J.M.; García-Angulo, F.J.; Ortega-Toro, E. Effect of the Modification of the Number of Players, the Size of the Goal, and the Size of the Field in Competition on the Play Actions in U-12 Male Football. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 518. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17020518
García-Angulo A, Palao JM, Giménez-Egido JM, García-Angulo FJ, Ortega-Toro E. Effect of the Modification of the Number of Players, the Size of the Goal, and the Size of the Field in Competition on the Play Actions in U-12 Male Football. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(2):518. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17020518
Chicago/Turabian StyleGarcía-Angulo, Antonio, José Manuel Palao, José María Giménez-Egido, Francisco Javier García-Angulo, and Enrique Ortega-Toro. 2020. "Effect of the Modification of the Number of Players, the Size of the Goal, and the Size of the Field in Competition on the Play Actions in U-12 Male Football" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 2: 518. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17020518