Does Masticatory Ability Contribute to Nutritional Status in Older Individuals?
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Nutrition Status
2.3. Basic Clinical Assessments
2.4. Assessments of Masticatory Ability
2.5. Assessments of Oral Muscle Strength: Tongue Pressure, Cheek Pressure, and Occlusal Force
2.6. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Food Group | I | II | III | IV | V |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Foods | □Bananas □Boiled cabbage □Boiled carrots □Boiled taro □Boiled onions | □Strawberries □Ham □Boiled fish paste □Konnyaku □Boiled kombu | □Fried chicken □Roast chicken □Apples □Pickled eggplants □Raw cabbage | □Roast pork □Pickled radishes □Rice cakes □Peanuts □Slice draw cuttlefish | □Raw carrots □Takuwan □Vinegared octopus □Raw abalone □Dried cuttlefish |
Mean score | A | B | C | D | E |
Groups | Masticatory Efficiency Test [mg/dL] | Masticatory Score | Satisfaction with Mastication (VAS Score) |
---|---|---|---|
Upper-category group (UG) | ≥126.0 | ≥96.7 | ≥77.0 |
Lower-category group (LG) | <126.0 | <96.7 | <77.0 |
Mean and SD | 137.7 ± 57.6 | 89.1 ± 15.7 | 76.0 ± 19.5 |
Measurement Factors | Total n = 100 | Masticatory Efficiency | Masticatory Score | Satisfaction with Mastication (VAS Score) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LG | UG | p-Value | LG | UG | p-Value | LG | UG | p-Value | ||
n = 51 | n = 49 | n = 50 | n = 50 | n = 51 | n = 49 | |||||
Nutritional status: BMI (kg/m2) | 22.6 ± 3.3 | 22.5 ± 3.0 | 22.7 ± 3.5 | 0.634 | 21.8 ± 2.7 | 23.3 ± 3.6 | 0.013* | 21.6 ± 2.9 | 23.6 ± 3.3 | 0.001 * |
Basic attributes | ||||||||||
Sex (male:female) | 53:47 | 29:22 | 24:25 | 0.430 a | 25:25 | 28:22 | 0.548 a | 26:25 | 27:22 | 0.680 a |
Age | 75.3 ± 6.5 | 75.9 ± 6.7 | 74.6 ± 6.2 | 0.335 | 76.4 ± 6.5 | 74.2 ± 6.2 | 0.111 | 76.5 ± 6.5 | 74.0 ± 6.3 | 0.064 |
Occlusal supports | ||||||||||
Occlusal supports (unit) | 4.1 ± 5.0 | 2.4 ± 3.5 | 5.9 ± 5.7 | 0.003 * | 2.3 ± 3.9 | 5.9 ± 5.4 | 0.000 * | 3.0 ± 4.2 | 5.3 ± 5.5 | 0.059 |
Molar occlusal supports (unit) | 1.7 ± 2.7 | 0.63 ± 1.6 | 2.7 ± 3.2 | 0.001 * | 0.8 ± 1.9 | 2.5 ± 3.1 | 0.003 * | 1.0 ± 2.2 | 2.3 ± 3.1 | 0.027 * |
Gnathological muscle strength | ||||||||||
Tongue pressure (kPa) | 27.8 ± 8.4 | 25.7 ± 8.3 | 30.0 ± 8.1 | 0.017 * | 27.2 ± 7.4 | 28.4 ± 9.4 | 0.282 | 27.0 ± 8.9 | 28.6 ± 7.8 | 0.370 |
Cheek pressure (kPa) | 16.4 ± 4.0 | 16.0 ± 4.4 | 16.9 ± 3.4 | 0.202 | 17.2 ± 3.6 | 15.7 ± 4.2 | 0.110 | 16.4 ± 4.4 | 16.5 ± 3.4 | 0.983 |
Occlusal force (N) | 274.7 ± 212.4 | 215.1 ± 183.0 | 336.9 ± 224.6 | 0.000 * | 229.7 ± 204.9 | 319.8 ± 212.1 | 0.003 * | 266.8 ± 209.8 | 283.0 ± 217.0 | 0.617 |
Tests | Measurement Actors | Univariate Logistic Regression Analysis (ULR) | Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis (MLR) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Odds Ratio | 95% CI | p-Value | Odds Ratio | 95% CI | p-Value | ||||
Lower Limit | Upper Limit | Lower Limit | Upper Limit | ||||||
Masticatory efficiency | Nutritional status: BMI (kg/m2) | 1.023 | 0.907 | 1.155 | 0.708 | ||||
Basic attributes | |||||||||
Sex | 0.967 | 0.909 | 1.029 | 0.288 | |||||
Age | 1.373 | 0.624 | 3.019 | 0.430 | |||||
Occlusal supports | |||||||||
Occlusal supports (unit) | 1.169 | 1.066 | 1.282 | 0.001 * | |||||
Molar occlusal supports (unit) | 1.430 | 1.167 | 1.753 | 0.001 * | 1.464 | 1.178 | 1.820 | 0.001 * | |
Oral muscle strength | |||||||||
Tongue pressure (kPa) | 1.069 | 1.015 | 1.127 | 0.012 * | 1.077 | 1.018 | 1.140 | 0.010 * | |
Cheek pressure (kPa) | 1.056 | 0.954 | 1.168 | 0.294 | |||||
Occlusal force (N) | 1.003 | 1.001 | 1.006 | 0.007 * | |||||
Masticatory score | Nutritional status: BMI (kg/m2) | 1.161 | 1.016 | 1.326 | 0.028 * | 1.228 | 1.059 | 1.425 | 0.007 * |
Basic attributes | |||||||||
Sex | 0.948 | 0.890 | 1.009 | 0.093 | |||||
Age | 0.786 | 0.358 | 1.726 | 0.548 | |||||
Occlusal supports | |||||||||
Occlusal supports (unit) | 1.178 | 1.072 | 1.294 | 0.001 * | 1.199 | 1.084 | 1.328 | 0.000 * | |
Molar occlusal supports (unit) | 1.300 | 1.089 | 1.553 | 0.004 * | |||||
Oral muscle strength | |||||||||
Tongue pressure (kPa) | 1.017 | 0.970 | 1.067 | 0.473 | |||||
Cheek pressure (kPa) | 0.908 | 0.818 | 1.009 | 0.072 | 0.854 | 0.757 | 0.964 | 0.011 * | |
Occlusal force (N) | 1.002 | 1.002 | 1.005 | 0.042 * | |||||
Satisfaction with mastication(VAS score) | Nutritional status: BMI (kg/m2) | 1.243 | 1.074 | 1.437 | 0.003 * | 1.274 | 1.094 | 1.484 | 0.002 * |
Basic attributes | |||||||||
Sex | 0.847 | 0.386 | 1.860 | 0.680 | |||||
Age | 0.942 | 0.884 | 1.003 | 0.064 | 0.925 | 0.863 | 0.991 | 0.027 * | |
Occlusal supports | |||||||||
Occlusal supports (unit) | 1.099 | 1.011 | 1.195 | 0.027 * | |||||
Molar occlusal supports (unit) | 1.203 | 1.025 | 1.411 | 0.023 * | |||||
Oral muscle strength | |||||||||
Tongue pressure (kPa) | 1.024 | 0.976 | 1.074 | 0.331 | |||||
Cheek pressure (kPa) | 1.010 | 0.914 | 1.115 | 0.848 | |||||
Occlusal force (N) | 1.000 | 0.998 | 1.001 | 0.703 |
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Fujimoto, K.; Suito, H.; Nagao, K.; Ichikawa, T. Does Masticatory Ability Contribute to Nutritional Status in Older Individuals? Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 7373. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17207373
Fujimoto K, Suito H, Nagao K, Ichikawa T. Does Masticatory Ability Contribute to Nutritional Status in Older Individuals? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(20):7373. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17207373
Chicago/Turabian StyleFujimoto, Keiko, Hideki Suito, Kan Nagao, and Tetsuo Ichikawa. 2020. "Does Masticatory Ability Contribute to Nutritional Status in Older Individuals?" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 20: 7373. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17207373