Structure, Intensity and Player Duels in Under-13 Football Training in Switzerland
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. General Design
2.3. Procedures
Video Recordings
2.4. Session Analysis
2.5. Heart Rate Measurement
2.6. Duels and Headers
2.7. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Training Activities
3.2. Training Structure
3.3. Heart Rate
3.4. Duels and Headers
4. Discussion
5. Limitations
6. Conclusions
Practical Applications
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Training Activities | |
---|---|
Playing Form | Activities that have an emphasis on match or gameplay, including: Small-sided activities Game activities with small teams (2 to 4 players) Larger activities Game activities with teams of 5 or more players Phase of play Unidirectional match-play towards one goal. |
Training Form | Activities that have a predicted outcome or isolated skill component, including: Individual Activities with the player working on skills by himself Paired Activities with players working with one other individual Drills Activities during training where the player is performing predetermined actions or movements with a set sequence and minimal alternative options. |
Athletics | Activities with players working without a ball in order to improve specific athletic skills |
Inactive Time | Moments with neither activity in athletics, training or playing forms including: Freeze in position Coach stops the activity to talk to the players, and the players remain in their current position Player huddle Coach stops the activity, and players to coming together for a discussion or explanation Drink break Coach stops the activity for having a short rest and drink Transition Transitioning between activities or inactivity periods. |
Training Parts | |
Warm-up | The first activity of the session, which introduces the core skill and is the only component of the session where drill-type exercises should be used. The warm-up ends with the first playing form. When started with a playing form, the duration of the first form is considered as the warm-up period. Running, strengthening, and other conditioning exercises are counted as a warm-up as long as they are used for this purpose. |
Learning and Teaching–Main Part | The part where conscious teaching and learning takes place. The coach designs an activity, which provides repetition of realistic game scenarios, coupled with task-based coaching using effective interventions (i.e., quality feedback and questions). This part is delimited from the last part by the fact that there is still much coaching and the games are not yet too similar to the traditional form. This also includes conditioning exercises, which are clearly separated from the warm-up. |
(Final) Training Game | A finishing game with many elements of the real game being present, but organized to promote the skill of the coaching session. |
Finishing Part | Training part that takes place after the actual final game. It is for fun or as a cool down. |
Training Activity | Overall | Promotion | Lower Level | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean (SD) | Min–Max | Mean (SD) | Min–Max | Mean (SD) | Min–Max | |
Playing form (min) | 27.2 (5.8) | 13.0–43.0 | 32.0 (7.9) | 20.0–43.0 | 24.1 (7.3) | 13.0–34.0 |
(% of total training time) | 33.4 (7.1) | 16.0–52.8 | 38.4 (9.5) | 24.0–51.6 | 30.1 (9.1) | 16.2–42.4 |
Training form (min) | 24.0 (9.9) | 7.0–40.0 | 20.1 (6.9) | 10.5–28.5 | 26.9 (10.4) | 9.0–40.0 |
(% of total training time) | 29.5 (12.2) | 8.6–49.1 | 24.1 (8.3) | 12.6–34.2 | 33.6 (13.0) | 11.2–49.9 |
Athletic (min) | 7.1 (7.1) | 0.0–24.0 | 8.7 (7.8) | 0.0–18.8 | 6.0 (6.7) | 0.0–24.0 |
(% of total training time) | 8.7 (8.7) | 0.0–29.5 | 10.4 (9.4) | 0.0–22.6 | 7.5 (8.4) | 0.0–30.0 |
Inactive time (min) | 23.1 (6.4) | 13.0–36.0 | 22.9 (7.8) | 13.0–36.0 | 23.2 (5.5) | 13.0–36.0 |
(% of total training time) | 28.4 (7.9) | 16.0–44.2 | 27.5 (9.4) | 15.6–43.2 | 29.0 (6.9) | 16.2–44.9 |
Training Part | Overall | Promotion | Lower Level | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean (SD) | Min–Max | Mean (SD) | Min–Max | Mean (SD) | Min–Max | |
Warm-up (min) | 17.4 (6.6) | 7.5–28.0 | 18.8 (7.3) | 11.0–28.0 | 16.4 (6.2) | 7.5–24.0 |
(% of total training time) | 21.4 (8.1) | 9.2–34.4 | 22.5 (8.7) | 13.2–33.6 | 20.5 (7.7) | 9.4–30.0 |
Main part (min) | 43.8 (13.9) | 23.5–71.0 | 49.4 (14.8) | 27.5–71.0 | 40.1 (12.6) | 23.5–65.0 |
(% of total training time) | 53.8 (17.1) | 28.9–87.2 | 59.3 (17.8) | 33.0–85.2 | 50.1 (15.7) | 29.3–81.1 |
Training game (min) | 18.5 (10.5) | 0.0–33.0 | 13.8 (9.0) | 0.0–22.5 | 21.7 (10.5) | 0.0–33.0 |
(% of total training time) | 22.7 (12.9) | 0.0–40.5 | 16.6 (10.8) | 0.0–27.0 | 27.1 (13.1) | 0.0–41.2 |
Finishing part (min) | 1.7 (4.2) | 0.0–14.5 | 1.3 (3.7) | 0.0–10.5 | 1.9 (4.6) | 0.0–14.5 |
(% of total training time) | 2.1 (5.2) | 0.0–17.8 | 1.6 (4.4) | 0.0–12.6 | 2.4 (5.7) | 0.0–18.1 |
Heart Rate in Training Activity | Overall | Promotion | Lower Level | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean (SD) | Min–Max | Mean (SD) | Min–Max | Mean (SD) | Min–Max | |
Heart rate in playing form (bpm) | 165 (8) | 150–176 | 164 (7) | 152–175 | 167 (8) | 150–176 |
(% of estimated HRmax) | 82.9 (3.9) | 75.0–88.0 | 81.8 (3.6) | 76.0–87.5 | 83.5 (4.0) | 75.0–88.0 |
Heart rate in training form (bpm) | 154 (11) | 136–170 | 153 (10) | 140–168 | 155 (13) | 136–170 |
(% of estimated HRmax) | 77.0 (5.7) | 68.0–85.0 | 76.6 (5.0) | 70.0–84.0 | 77.3 (6.4) | 68.0–85.0 |
Heart rate in athletics (bpm) | 150 (15) | 112–168 | 153 (12) | 134–165 | 148 (17) | 112–168 |
(% of estimated HRmax) | 75.0 (7.7) | 56.0–84.0 | 76.5 (6.1) | 67.0–82.5 | 74.1 (8.7) | 56.0–84.0 |
Type of Contact | Overall | Promotion | Lower Level | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Median (IQR) | Min–Max | Median (IQR) | Min–Max | Median (IQR) | Min–Max | |
Anterior duel | 71 (40) | 28–170 | 78.5 (46.5) | 28–101 | 61 (29) | 41–170 |
Anterior duel per player | 6.1 (3.1) | 2.8–12.1 | 6.4 (3.2) | 2.8–7.9 | 6.0 (3) | 3.0–12.1 |
Lateral duel | 29 (17) | 17–82 | 30 (12) | 24–63 | 29 (19.5) | 17–82 |
Lateral duel per player | 2.5 (1.3) | 1.1–5.9 | 2.3 (1.7) | 2.0–4.8 | 3.0 (0.9) | 1.1–5.9 |
Posterior duel | 21 (13) | 6–54 | 18.5 (10) | 6–29 | 22 (13) | 6–54 |
Posterior duel per player | 1.6 (0.9) | 0.5–3.9 | 1.6 (0.4) | 0.7–2.2 | 1.6 (1.2) | 0.5–3.9 |
Running duel | 16 (12) | 0–38 | 16 (10) | 0–38 | 13 (13.5) | 0–32 |
Running duel per player | 1.3 (0.9) | 0.0–2.5 | 1.3 (0.4) | 0.0–2.5 | 1.3 (0.9) | 0.0–2.2 |
Air duel | 1 (3) | 0–23 | 2.5 (11.5) | 1–23 | 1 (3) | 0–21 |
Air duel per player | 0.1 (0.2) | 0.0–2.3 | 0.2 (0.8) | 0.1–2.3 | 0.1 (0.2) | 0.0–2.3 |
Header | 7 (8) | 0–209 | 14 (36.5) | 4–209 | 4 (5.5) | 0–24 |
Header per player | 0.6 (0.8) | 0.0–14.9 | 1.0 (3.5) | 0.3–14.9 | 0.4 (0.5) | 0.0–2.7 |
Total duels | 127 (84) | 91–328 | 143 (88) | 91–215 | 125 (76.5) | 93–328 |
Total duels per player | 12.8 (5.1) | 6.1–23.4 | 12.7 (4.6) | 8.5–16.1 | 12.8 (5.0) | 6.1–23.4 |
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Uebersax, J.; Roth, R.; Bächle, T.; Faude, O. Structure, Intensity and Player Duels in Under-13 Football Training in Switzerland. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 8351. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17228351
Uebersax J, Roth R, Bächle T, Faude O. Structure, Intensity and Player Duels in Under-13 Football Training in Switzerland. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(22):8351. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17228351
Chicago/Turabian StyleUebersax, Jonas, Ralf Roth, Tobias Bächle, and Oliver Faude. 2020. "Structure, Intensity and Player Duels in Under-13 Football Training in Switzerland" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 22: 8351. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17228351