Association of Internet Addiction with Family Functionality, Depression, Self-Efficacy and Self-Esteem among Early Adolescents
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Instrument
2.2.1. Demographics and Family Functionality
2.2.2. IA
2.2.3. Depression
2.2.4. Self-Efficacy
2.2.5. Self-Esteem
2.3. Procedure
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Descriptive Statistics of Demographics, Family Functionality, Internet Usage, Depression, Self-Efficacy, Self-Esteem and IAT
3.2. Associations of Demographics, Family Functionality, Depression, Self-Efficacy and Self-Esteem with IAT
3.3. Exploring the Associated Factors of IA by Multiple Logistic Regression
4. Discussion
4.1. Prevalence of IA and Internet Usage
4.2. Associations Between Gender and IA
4.3. Associations Between Family Functionality and IA
4.4. Association of IA with Depression, Self-Efficacy and Self-Esteem
4.5. Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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N | % | Mean | SD | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | ||||
Male | 229 | 50.8 | ||
Female | 222 | 49.2 | ||
Age | 11.35 | 0.56 | ||
BMI (kg/M2) | 19.10 | 4.28 | ||
Money allowance per week (NTD) | 80.97 | 135.50 | ||
Family atmosphere | 4.17 | 0.94 | ||
Very discordant | 6 | 1.3 | ||
Discordant | 8 | 1.8 | ||
Ordinary | 107 | 23.7 | ||
Harmonious | 113 | 25.1 | ||
Very harmonious | 217 | 48.1 | ||
Living with | ||||
Parents | 309 | 68.5 | ||
Grandparents | 134 | 29.7 | ||
Relatives and friends | 8 | 1.8 | ||
Did parents limit Internet usage time | ||||
No | 85 | 18.8 | ||
Yes | 366 | 81.2 | ||
IAT score | 29.21 | 8.41 | ||
No-IA Group & score | 299 | 66.3 | 24.39 | 2.99 |
YES-IA Group & score | 152 | 33.7 | 38.68 | 7.55 |
CES-D | 29.33 | 7.65 | ||
GSES | 25.36 | 6.30 | ||
RSES | 19.50 | 4.91 |
Internet Addiction | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
No (n = 299) | Yes (n = 152) | p-value b | |||
N | % | N | % | ||
Gender | 0.031 * | ||||
Male | 141 | 61.6% | 88 | 38.4% | |
Female | 158 | 71.2% | 64 | 28.8% | |
Age a | 11.31 | 0.57 | 11.41 | 0.53 | 0.095 |
BMI (kg/M2) a | 18.88 | 4.20 | 19.51 | 4.40 | 0.126 |
Money allowance per week (NTD) a | 68.10 | 114.15 | 106.28 | 167.41 | 0.018 * |
Family atmosphere a | 4.29 | 0.92 | 3.92 | 0.92 | <0.001 * |
Living with | 0.107 | ||||
Parents | 204 | 66.0% | 105 | 34.0% | |
Grandparents | 90 | 67.2% | 44 | 32.8% | |
Relatives and friends | 5 | 62.5% | 3 | 37.5% | |
Did parents limit Internet usage time | <0.001 * | ||||
No | 37 | 43.5% | 48 | 56.5% | |
Yes | 262 | 71.6% | 104 | 28.4% | |
CES-D a | 27.78 | 6.43 | 32.39 | 8.87 | <0.001 * |
GSES a | 25.93 | 6.36 | 24.24 | 6.05 | 0.007 * |
RSES a | 18.79 | 4.75 | 20.89 | 4.94 | <0.001 * |
OR | 95% CI | p | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Lower | Upper | |||
Gender (ref. Male) | ||||
Female | 0.60 | 0.39 | 0.92 | 0.020 * |
Money allowance per week (10 NTD) | 1.01 | 1.00 | 1.03 | 0.096 |
Family atmosphere | 0.81 | 0.64 | 1.02 | 0.072 |
Did parents limit Internet usage time? (ref. No) | ||||
Yes | 0.31 | 0.18 | 0.52 | <0.001 * |
CES-D | 1.07 | 1.03 | 1.11 | <0.001 * |
GSES | 0.99 | 0.96 | 1.03 | 0.762 |
RSES | 1.02 | 0.96 | 1.08 | 0.627 |
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Chen, H.-C.; Wang, J.-Y.; Lin, Y.-L.; Yang, S.-Y. Association of Internet Addiction with Family Functionality, Depression, Self-Efficacy and Self-Esteem among Early Adolescents. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 8820. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17238820
Chen H-C, Wang J-Y, Lin Y-L, Yang S-Y. Association of Internet Addiction with Family Functionality, Depression, Self-Efficacy and Self-Esteem among Early Adolescents. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(23):8820. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17238820
Chicago/Turabian StyleChen, Hsiao-Ching, Jiun-Yi Wang, Ying-Lien Lin, and Shang-Yu Yang. 2020. "Association of Internet Addiction with Family Functionality, Depression, Self-Efficacy and Self-Esteem among Early Adolescents" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 23: 8820. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17238820