Short-Term Effects of Atmospheric Pollution on Daily Mortality and Their Modification by Increased Temperatures Associated with a Climatic Change Scenario in Northern Mexico
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Health Data
2.3. Air Pollution Measurements
2.4. Confounding Variables Considered in the Study Cases
2.5. Estimation of the Association between Atmospheric Pollution and Daily Mortality
- (a)
- Response variables: Number of deaths registered for each municipality during the study period.
- (b)
- Explanatory variables: Criteria Air Pollutants (daily average concentrations of SO2, CO, NO2, O3 and PM10 for each municipality during the study period) and Meteorological variables (daily average values of temperature and relative humidity for each municipality during the study period).
- (c)
- Control variables: This was carried out by introducing seasonality indicator variables considering two strata: cold months and warm months.
- (d)
- Confounding variables: Average daily values of relative humidity and temperature.
3. Results
3.1. Health Impact Assessment
3.1.1. Health Database
3.1.2. Exposure Database
3.2. Association between Atmospheric Pollutants and Daily Mortality
3.2.1. Multivariate Analysis and Multiple Linear Regression
3.2.2. Estimation of Relative Risk Index (RRI)
3.3. Modification of the Effects by Extreme Temperatures
Estimation of Relative Risk Index (RRI)
4. Discussion
Comparison with Other Epidemiological Studies
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Bretón, R.M.C.; Bretón, J.G.C.; Kahl, J.W.D.; Fuentes, M.d.l.L.E.; Lara, E.R.; Marrón, M.R.; Severino, R.d.C.L.; Chi, M.P.U. Short-Term Effects of Atmospheric Pollution on Daily Mortality and Their Modification by Increased Temperatures Associated with a Climatic Change Scenario in Northern Mexico. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 9219. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17249219
Bretón RMC, Bretón JGC, Kahl JWD, Fuentes MdlLE, Lara ER, Marrón MR, Severino RdCL, Chi MPU. Short-Term Effects of Atmospheric Pollution on Daily Mortality and Their Modification by Increased Temperatures Associated with a Climatic Change Scenario in Northern Mexico. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(24):9219. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17249219
Chicago/Turabian StyleBretón, Rosa María Cerón, Julia Griselda Cerón Bretón, Jonathan W. D. Kahl, María de la Luz Espinosa Fuentes, Evangelina Ramírez Lara, Marcela Rangel Marrón, Reyna del Carmen Lara Severino, and Martha Patricia Uc Chi. 2020. "Short-Term Effects of Atmospheric Pollution on Daily Mortality and Their Modification by Increased Temperatures Associated with a Climatic Change Scenario in Northern Mexico" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 24: 9219. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17249219