Spatiotemporal Variation and Pollution Assessment of Pb/Zn from Smelting Activities in China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.1.1. Pb/Zn Environment Release during Smelting
2.1.2. The Content of Heavy Metals in Soil from Pb/Zn Smelting Areas
2.2. Methods
2.2.1. Spatial Autocorrelation Analysis
2.2.2. Evaluation of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution
2.2.3. Potential Ecological Risk Assessment
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Spatial and Temporal Variations in Pb/Zn Eenvironmental Release
3.1.1. Temporal Variation in Pb/Zn Environmental Release
3.1.2. Spatiotemporal Variation in Pb/Zn Environmental Release
3.2. Spatial Autocorrelation Analysis of Pb/Zn Environmental Release
3.3. Pollution Assessment of Soil Heavy mMetals in Pb/Zn Smelting Areas
3.3.1. Content of Heavy Metals in Soil
3.3.2. Pollution Assessment of Heavy Metals in Soil
3.4. Potential Ecological Risk Assessment
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Year | Moran’s I | P-Value | E(I) | Z-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pb | 2000 | 0.0651 | 0.2252 | −0.03125 | 1.2128 |
2005 | −0.0327 | 0.9834 | −0.03125 | −0.0209 | |
2010 | −0.0109 | 0.7843 | −0.03125 | 0.2737 | |
2015 | −0.0118 | 0.7954 | −0.03125 | 0.2593 | |
Zn | 2000 | 0.0686 | 0.2206 | −0.03125 | 1.2249 |
2005 | 0.1156 | 0.0637 | −0.03125 | 1.8539 | |
2010 | 0.0152 | 0.5398 | −0.03125 | 0.6131 | |
2015 | 0.0455 | 0.3514 | −0.03125 | 0.9318 |
Region | N | Cd | Pb | Cu | Zn | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Huize, Yunnan | 23 | 12.80 | 712.00 | 239.00 | 1688.00 | [11] |
Gejiu, Yunnan | 15 | 63.50 | 3347.50 | 117.00 | 2974.30 | [33] |
Lancang, Yunnan | 53 | 2.36 | 287.79 | 14.79 | 161.94 | [34] |
Hezhang, Guizhou | 8 | 43.00 | 9000.00 | 120.00 | 11,000.00 | [35] |
Bijie, Guizhou | 101 | 2.07 | 87.18 | 97.81 | 261.00 | [12] |
Baiyin a, Gansu | 33 | 15.93 | 392.59 | 330.81 | 737.18 | [36] |
Baiyin b, Gansu | 16 | 19.70 | 3510.00 | 426.00 | 332.00 | [37] |
Huixian a, Gansu | 21 | 4.37 | 418.00 | 29.50 | 90.10 | [38] |
Huixian b, Gansu | 27 | 9.85 | 655.89 | 37.24 | 435.89 | [39] |
Huixian c, Gansu | 20 | 3.12 | 214.00 | 25.80 | 79.50 | [40] |
Mianxian, Shaanxi | 17 | 39.74 | 165.08 | 52.05 | 1304.27 | [41] |
Fengxiang, Shaanxi | 27 | 0.95 | 53.50 | 30.81 | 118.27 | [42] |
Tongguan, Shaanxi | 18 | 0.26 | 94.63 | 26.10 | 68.60 | [32] |
Fengxian, Shaanxi | 9 | 33.79 | 412.28 | 59.14 | 556.73 | [43] |
Zhuzhou, Hunan | 10 | 108.18 | 7621.86 | 261.41 | 1249.20 | [44] |
Chenzhou, Hunan | 35 | 2.80 | 226.50 | 60.50 | 347.10 | [45] |
Jiyuan, Henan | 45 | 5.75 | 145.00 | 22.00 | 84.70 | [46] |
Jiaozuo, Henan | 135 | 1.70 | 42.33 | 15.98 | 67.77 | [47] |
Huludao, Liaoning | 113 | 60.94 | 443.10 | 247.80 | 4084.00 | [48] |
Youxi, Fujian | 12 | 8.28 | 699.25 | 114.88 | 670.47 | [49] |
Shaoguan, Guangdong | 13 | 25.61 | 1185.66 | 67.13 | 764.12 | [50] |
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Zang, Z.; Li, Y.; Li, H.; Guo, Z.; Zhang, R. Spatiotemporal Variation and Pollution Assessment of Pb/Zn from Smelting Activities in China. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 1968. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17061968
Zang Z, Li Y, Li H, Guo Z, Zhang R. Spatiotemporal Variation and Pollution Assessment of Pb/Zn from Smelting Activities in China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(6):1968. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17061968
Chicago/Turabian StyleZang, Zhenfeng, Yonghua Li, Hairong Li, Zhaohui Guo, and Ru Zhang. 2020. "Spatiotemporal Variation and Pollution Assessment of Pb/Zn from Smelting Activities in China" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 6: 1968. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17061968
APA StyleZang, Z., Li, Y., Li, H., Guo, Z., & Zhang, R. (2020). Spatiotemporal Variation and Pollution Assessment of Pb/Zn from Smelting Activities in China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(6), 1968. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17061968