Meteorological Variables and Synoptic Patterns Associated with Air Pollutions in Eastern China during 2013–2018
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area and Data Description
2.2. Definition of Heavy Pollution Day
2.3. Classification of Synoptic Patterns
- (i)
- EQP (Figure 2g): when the cold air was blocked in the north, the domain was controlled by equalized pressure;
- (ii)
- ACF (Figure 2h): when the cold air strongly advanced, the domain was controlled by the advancing edge of the cold front;
- (iii)
- INT (Figure 2i): when the domain was controlled by the back of the weak high pressure, the high pressure receded, the inverted trough developed, and the domain was overtaken by the top of the inverted trough.
2.4. Method for Calculating MLH
2.5. Method for Calculating Temperature Inversion
3. Results
3.1. Distribution Characteristics of RPHPDs
3.2. Frequencies of RPHPDs under Different Synoptic Flow Patterns
3.3. Variation Characteristics of PM2.5 and Meteorological Elements for Ten Types
3.3.1. Concentration of PM2.5
3.3.2. Wind Direction and Speed
3.3.3. Diurnal Variation of RHs and Wind Speed
3.4. Threshold Values of Meteorological Elements Causing RPHPDs
3.4.1. Precipitation
3.4.2. Wind Speed and RHs
3.4.3. ITI, ITK, LHTI and MLH
3.5. Reliability Test of Threshold Values
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Type | South Jiangsu | Coastal Jiangsu | Southwest Jiangsu | North Jiangsu |
---|---|---|---|---|
spring INT | \ | \ | 2014.05.30 | \ |
summer EQP | \ | \ | 2014.06.07, 2014.06.15 2014.06.29 | 2013.06.14 2013.06.15 |
autumn EQP | 2013.11.07 | 2013.11.15 | 2013.11.08, 2013.11.20, 2013.11.21 | \ |
autumn ACF | \ | \ | \ | 2016.11.14 |
autumn INT | \ | \ | 2013.11.09 | \ |
winter EQP | 2013.01.12, 2013.01.30, 2013.12.01, 2013.12.02, 2013.12.04, 2013.12.06, 2013.12.24, 2014.01.03, 2014.01.18, 2015.01.08, 2015.01.09, 2015.01.10, 2015.01.11, 2015.12.21, 2015.12.31 | 2013.12.02, 2013.12.04, 2013.12.24,2014.01.03, 2014.01.18,2014.01.30, 2014.12.29,2014.12.30, 2015.01.04,2015.01.09, 2015.01.10,2015.12.21 | 2013.01.28, 2013.01.29, 2013.01.30, 2013.12.01, 2013.12.02, 2013.12.06, 2013.12.24, 2014.01.02, 2014.01.03, 2014.01.18, 2014.01.30, 2015.12.31, 2017.01.03, 2017.12.31 | 2013.01.29, 2013.01.30, 2013.12.04, 2013.12.07, 2013.12.24,2014.01.03, 2014.01.30,2014.12.29, 2015.01.04,2015.01.10, 2015.01.26,2016.01.03, 2016.01.09,2016.12.19, 2016.12.31,2017.01.03, 2017.01.04 |
winter ACF | 2013.01.14, 2013.01.16, 2013.12.03, 2013.12.05, 2013.12.20, 2013.12.25, 2013.12.26, 2014.01.19, 2014.01.20, 2014.02.02, 2015.02.04, 2015.02.12, 2015.02.17, 2015.12.15, 2015.12.23, 2015.12.25, 2016.01.04 | 2013.12.03, 2013.12.05, 2013.12.25, 2013.12.26, 2014.01.19, 2014.01.20, 2014.02.02, 2014.12.24, 2015.02.04, 2015.12.25, 2016.01.04 | 2013.01.13, 2013.01.24, 2013.01.26, 2013.02.23, 2013.02.24, 2013.12.03, 2013.12.04, 2013.12.05, 2013.12.15, 2013.12.20, 2013.12.25, 2013.12.26, 2014.01.19, 2015.02.12, 2015.12.15, 2016.01.04 | 2013.01.08,2013.02.23, 2013.12.03,2013.12.05, 2013.12.15,2013.12.20, 2013.12.25,2014.01.17, 2014.01.19,2014.02.02, 2015.02.12,2015.12.14, 2016.01.04,2016.01.10 |
winter INT | 2013.12.08, 2014.01.31 | 2013.12.07, 2013.12.08, 2014.01.31, 2015.01.05, 2015.01.24 | 2013.12.08, 2014.01.31, 2014.02.01, 2015.01.05, 2017.12.23 |
Weather Types | Date | Daily Precipitation (mm) | Hourly Precipitation (mm) | Wind Speed (m s−1) | Humidity (%) | ITI (°C 100 m−1) | ITK (m) | LHTI (m) | MLH (m) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
EQP_nth | 0116, 0117 0118, 0119 0120, 0121 0122, 0129 | 0.5–2.3 | 0–0.7 | 0.1–4.0 | 60–100 | 0.6–2.0 | 5–167 | 42–686 | 200–1188 |
EQP_sth | 0101, 0119 0130, 0131 | 0–0.3 | 0–0.3 | 0.1–3.6 | 50–92 | 1.5–5.0 | 10–59 | 6–676 | 691–1295 |
EQP_sw | 0119, 0120 0129, 0130 | 0–0.5 | 0–0.3 | 0.1–2.5 | 50–100 | 0.5–3.3 | 22–90 | 36–63 | 466–1109 |
INT_sw | 0101 | 0 | 0 | 1.0–4.0 | 50–100 | 1.3 | 308 | 47 | 937 |
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Dai, Z.; Liu, D.; Yu, K.; Cao, L.; Jiang, Y. Meteorological Variables and Synoptic Patterns Associated with Air Pollutions in Eastern China during 2013–2018. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 2528. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17072528
Dai Z, Liu D, Yu K, Cao L, Jiang Y. Meteorological Variables and Synoptic Patterns Associated with Air Pollutions in Eastern China during 2013–2018. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(7):2528. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17072528
Chicago/Turabian StyleDai, Zhujun, Duanyang Liu, Kun Yu, Lu Cao, and Youshan Jiang. 2020. "Meteorological Variables and Synoptic Patterns Associated with Air Pollutions in Eastern China during 2013–2018" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 7: 2528. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17072528