Sleep Quality and Mental Disorder Symptoms among Canadian Public Safety Personnel
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Procedure
2.2. Participants
2.3. Measures
2.4. Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Demographic, Sleep, and Mental Disorder Symptom Descriptive Statistics
3.2. Differences in Sleep Quality and Risk for Mental Disorder Symptoms between PSP
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Demographic Characteristics | n (%) |
---|---|
Gender | |
Man | 3451 (67) |
Woman | 1695 (33) |
Age | |
18–29 | 462 (6) |
30–39 | 2122 (27) |
39–49 | 2840 (37) |
50–59 | 1988 (26) |
60 and older | 314 (4) |
Marital Status | |
Married/common-law | 3895 (75) |
Single | 528 (10) |
Separated/divorced/widowed | 533 (11) |
Remarried | 184 (4) |
Ethnicity | |
White | 4688 (91) |
Other | 340 (9) |
Language | |
English | 4400 (88) |
French | 587 (12) |
Education | |
High school or less | 458 (9) |
Some post-secondary (less than 4 year college/university program) | 2721 (54) |
University degree/4 year college or higher | 1875 (37) |
Province of residence | |
Western/Central Canada (BC, AB, SK, MB) | 2700 (53) |
Eastern Canada (ON, QC) | 1786 (35) |
Atlantic Canada (PEI, NS, NB, NFL) | 612 (12) |
Public safety personnel category | |
Municipal/provincial police | 1279 (26) |
RCMP | 1283 (26) |
Correctional workers | 701 (14) |
Firefighters | 760 (15) |
Paramedics | 697 (14) |
Communications officials | 243 (5) |
Sleep Quality Screening Measure | Total Sample (5146) | Municipal/Provincial Police (1279) | Royal Canadian Mounted Police (1283) | Correctional Workers (701) | Firefighters (760) | Paramedics (697) | Communications Officials (243) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Positive screen for insomnia | 56% | 53% | 59% | 58% | 49% | 60% | 58% |
M (SD) | |||||||
Insomnia (ISI) | 10.78 (6.08) | 10.42 (6.20) | 11.32 (6.24) | 11.20 (6.22) | 9.74 (5.72) | 11.04 (5.76) | 11.27 (5.88) |
Hours of sleep work nights | 6.22 (1.28) | 6.22 (1.24) | 6.19 (1.28) | 6.32 (1.23) | 6.31 (1.30) | 6.01 (1.34) | 6.19 (1.35) |
Hours of sleep off-shift nights | 7.24 (1.69) | 7.21 (1.56) | 7.24 (1.71) | 7.42 (1.72) | 6.96 (1.53) | 7.21 (1.92) | 7.57 (1.70) |
Days a week feeling rested | 2.39 (1.99) | 2.51 (2.02) | 2.20 (1.97) | 2.38 (1.96) | 2.67 (2.11) | 2.26 (1.91) | 2.10 (1.81) |
Quality of sleep rating | 2.87 (1.03) | 2.92 (1.06) | 2.77 (1.03) | 2.86 (1.02) | 2.99 (0.99) | 2.84 (1.01) | 2.86 (1.04) |
Mental Disorder Screening Measure | Total Sample (5146) | Municipal/Provincial Police (1279) | Royal Canadian Mounted Police (1283) | Correctional Workers (701) | Firefighters (760) | Paramedics (697) | Communications Officials (243) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Positive Screen for Any Mental Disorder | 49% | 46% | 51% | 56% | 46% | 54% | 44% |
M (SD) | |||||||
PTSD (PCL-5) | 21.27 (18.80) | 18.75 (18.49) | 24.94 (20.12) | 24.84 (18.86) | 16.65 (16.01) | 22.35 (18.43) | 18.77 (17.70) |
Depression (PHQ-9) | 6.54 (5.86) | 5.61 (5.67) | 7.28 (6.06) | 7.33 (5.74) | 5.34 (5.50) | 7.13 (6.05) | 7.19 (5.63) |
Anxiety (GAD-7) | 5.25 (5.01) | 4.58 (4.92) | 5.95 (5.28) | 6.08 (4.97) | 4.05 (4.49) | 5.71 (4.99) | 5.32 (4.81) |
Social Anxiety Disorder (SIPS) | 10.23 (10.81) | 8.31 (9.59) | 11.29 (11.58) | 12.03 (11.39) | 8.03 (9.39) | 11.77 (10.90) | 11.37 (11.41) |
Panic Disorder (PDSS-SR) | 2.57 (4.35) | 2.02 (3.91) | 3.02 (4.72) | 3.36 (4.74) | 1.66 (3.56) | 2.81 (4.51) | 2.80 (4.40) |
Alcohol Use Disorder (AUDIT) | 6.11 (4.96) | 6.24 (5.11) | 5.53 (4.40) | 6.09 (5.20) | 7.04 (5.09) | 6.15 (5.16) | 5.80 (4.88) |
PSP Occupation | β | S.E. | Wald | OR | OR 95% CI | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lower | Upper | ||||||
All PSP | 1.55 | 0.07 | 523.00 | 4.71 | 4.12 | 5.38 | <0.001 |
Communications Officials | 1.67 | 0.35 | 23.46 | 5.31 | 2.70 | 10.44 | <0.001 |
Correctional Workers | 1.94 | 0.19 | 100.45 | 6.95 | 4.76 | 10.16 | <0.001 |
Firefighters | 1.41 | 0.17 | 69.60 | 4.11 | 2.95 | 5.73 | <0.001 |
Paramedics | 1.34 | 0.18 | 54.82 | 3.81 | 2.68 | 5.44 | <0.001 |
Municipal/Regional Police | 1.23 | 0.13 | 87.87 | 3.43 | 2.61 | 4.44 | <0.001 |
RCMP | 1.80 | 0.14 | 158.69 | 6.06 | 4.58 | 8.02 | <0.001 |
Mental Disorder Screening Measure | ISI | PCL-5 | PHQ-9 | GAD-7 | SIPS | PDSS |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PCL-5 | 0.58 ** | — | ||||
PHQ-9 | 0.70 ** | 0.73 ** | — | |||
GAD-7 | 0.59 ** | 0.71 ** | 0.79 ** | — | ||
SIPS | 0.42 ** | 0.51 ** | 0.56 ** | 0.56 ** | — | |
PDSS | 0.46 ** | 0.63 ** | 0.64 ** | 0.67 ** | 0.50 ** | — |
AUDIT | 0.18 ** | 0.17 ** | 0.20 ** | 0.11 ** | 0.12 ** | 0.15 ** |
Sleep Quality Measure | Shift Work Stress | Hours of Sleep Work Nights | Hours of Sleep Off-Shift Nights | Days a Week Feeling Rested |
---|---|---|---|---|
Hours of sleep work nights | −00.16 ** | — | ||
Hours of sleep off-shift nights | −0.06 ** | 0.52 ** | — | |
Days a week feeling rested | −0.20 ** | 0.39 ** | 0.20 ** | — |
Quality of sleep rating | −0.22 ** | 0.48 ** | 0.30 ** | 0.65 ** |
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Share and Cite
Angehrn, A.; Teale Sapach, M.J.N.; Ricciardelli, R.; MacPhee, R.S.; Anderson, G.S.; Carleton, R.N. Sleep Quality and Mental Disorder Symptoms among Canadian Public Safety Personnel. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 2708. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17082708
Angehrn A, Teale Sapach MJN, Ricciardelli R, MacPhee RS, Anderson GS, Carleton RN. Sleep Quality and Mental Disorder Symptoms among Canadian Public Safety Personnel. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(8):2708. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17082708
Chicago/Turabian StyleAngehrn, Andréanne, Michelle J. N. Teale Sapach, Rosemary Ricciardelli, Renée S. MacPhee, Gregory S. Anderson, and R. Nicholas Carleton. 2020. "Sleep Quality and Mental Disorder Symptoms among Canadian Public Safety Personnel" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 8: 2708. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17082708