Association between Sleep Quality and Duration and Periodontal Disease among University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Participants
2.2. Ethical Procedures and Informed Consent
2.3. Self-Questionnaire
2.4. Assessment of Sleep Quality
2.5. Assessment of Stress
2.6. Oral Examination
2.7. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables (n = 1934) | n (%)Mean ± SD |
---|---|
Gender | |
Male | 1058 (54.7) |
Female | 876 (45.3) |
Age (y) | 18.2 ± 0.4 |
Regular dental check-up (Yes) | 572 (29.6) |
Daily flossing (Yes) | 499 (25.8) |
Daily tooth brushing (≥2 times) | 179 (9.2) |
OHI-S | 0.5 ± 0.5 |
Number of teeth present | 28.3 ± 1.4 |
Exercise (Yes) | 1462 (75.6) |
Sleeping duration (hour/night) | 7.1 ± 1.1 |
PSQI Global | 4.0 ± 1.9 |
Sleep quality | |
Poor (PSQI ≥ 5) | 372 (19.2) |
Good (PSQI < 5) | 1562 (80.8) |
PSS-10 (Total) | 17.2 ± 2.5 |
Psychological stress | |
No stress | 87 (4.5) |
Moderate stress | 1843 (95.2) |
High stress | 4 (0.2) |
Periodontal disease (Yes) | 283 (14.6) |
Variables (n = 1934) | Periodontal Disease (n = 283) | Non-Periodontal Disease (n = 1651) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
Gender (Male) | 185 (65.4) 1 | 873 (52.8) | <0.001 3 |
Age (y) | 18.2 ± 0.4 2 | 18.2 ± 0.4 | 0.125 4 |
Regular dental check-up (Yes) | 82 (28.9) | 490 (29.7) | 0.811 3 |
Flossing daily (Yes) | 61 (21.6) | 438 (26.5) | 0.077 3 |
Daily tooth brushing (≥2 times) | 30 (10.6) | 149 (9.0) | 0.398 3 |
OHI-S | 0.7 ± 0.7 | 0.5 ± 0.5 | <0.001 4 |
Number of teeth present | 28.7 ± 1.41 | 28.3 ± 1.35 | <0.001 4 |
Exercise (Yes) | 222 (78.4) | 1240 (75.1) | 0.227 3 |
Sleeping duration (hour/night) | 7.0 ± 1.1 | 7.1 ± 1.2 | 0.283 4 |
Sleep quality | |||
Poor (PSQI >5) | 59 (20.8) | 313 (18.9) | 0.456 3 |
PSQI Global | 4.1 ± 2.0 | 3.9 ± 1.9 | 0.201 5 |
PSQI domain score | |||
Sleep quality | 1.0 ± 0.6 | 1.0 ± 0.6 | 0.868 4 |
Sleep latency | 0.8 ± 0.8 | 0.8 ± 0.8 | 0.145 4 |
Sleep duration | 0.9 ± 0.8 | 0.8 ± 0.8 | 0.260 4 |
Habitual sleep efficiency | 0.2 ± 0.5 | 0.1 ± 0.4 | 0.054 4 |
Sleep disturbance | 0.5 ± 0.5 | 0.5 ± 0.5 | 0.213 4 |
Medication | 0.02 ± 0.2 | 0.04 ± 0.3 | 0.133 4 |
Daytime dysfunction | 0.7 ± 0.7 | 0.7 ± 0.7 | 0.685 4 |
Total PSS-10 | 17.1 ± 2.6 | 17.2 ± 2.5 | 0.900 4 |
Psychological stress | |||
No stress | 18 (6.3) | 69 (4.2) | 0.219 3 |
Moderate stress | 264 (93.3) | 1579 (95.6) | |
High stress | 1 (0.4) | 3 (0.2) |
Independent Variables | OR (95% CI) 1 | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|
Gender | Female | Ref | 0.015 |
Male | 1.42 (1.10–1.87) | ||
Age | 1.28 (0.91–1.78) | 0.156 | |
Regular dental check-up | Yes | Ref | 0.402 |
No | 0.88 (0.66–1.18) | ||
Flossing daily | Yes | Ref | 0.153 |
No | 1.26 (0.92–1.73) | ||
Daily tooth brushing frequency | ≥2 times | Ref | 0.904 |
<2 times | 1.03 (0.67–1.59) | ||
OHI-S | 2.30 (1.83–2.90) | <0.001 | |
Exercise | Yes | Ref | 0.522 |
No | 0.90 (0.65–1.24) | ||
Sleep quality | Good | Ref | 0.577 |
Poor | 1.09 (0.79–1.53) | ||
Sleeping duration (hour/night) | 0.98 (0.87–1.10) | 0.717 | |
Psychological stress | No stress | Ref | |
Moderate stress | 0.63 (0.37–1.09) | 0.103 | |
High stress | 1.20 (0.11–12.77) | 0.879 |
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Islam, M.M.; Ekuni, D.; Toyama, N.; Taniguchi-Tabata, A.; Kataoka, K.; Uchida-Fukuhara, Y.; Fukuhara, D.; Saho, H.; Sawada, N.; Nakashima, Y.; et al. Association between Sleep Quality and Duration and Periodontal Disease among University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 3034. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17093034
Islam MM, Ekuni D, Toyama N, Taniguchi-Tabata A, Kataoka K, Uchida-Fukuhara Y, Fukuhara D, Saho H, Sawada N, Nakashima Y, et al. Association between Sleep Quality and Duration and Periodontal Disease among University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(9):3034. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17093034
Chicago/Turabian StyleIslam, Md Monirul, Daisuke Ekuni, Naoki Toyama, Ayano Taniguchi-Tabata, Kota Kataoka, Yoko Uchida-Fukuhara, Daiki Fukuhara, Hikari Saho, Nanami Sawada, Yukiho Nakashima, and et al. 2020. "Association between Sleep Quality and Duration and Periodontal Disease among University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 9: 3034. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17093034