Bilateral Asymmetries Assessment in Elite and Sub-Elite Male Futsal Players
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Procedure
2.3. Experimental Protocol
2.3.1. Tissue Composition of Lower Limbs
2.3.2. Postural Sway Test
2.3.3. Contractile Properties of Lower-Limb Muscles
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Dominant Leg | Non-Dominant Leg | Bilateral Asymmetry | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Elite Players | Sub-Elite Players | Elite Players | Sub-Elite Players | Elite Players | Sub-Elite Players | |
Sway path-total (mm) | 819.92 ± 207.44 | 880.77 ± 232.17 | 828.56 ± 222.46 | 844.31 ± 215.76 | −0.03 ± 0.19 | 0.03 ± 0.16 |
Sway path-A-P (mm) | 507.88 ± 155.60 | 577.46 ± 180.25 | 522.52 ± 131.04 | 555.46 ± 160.87 | −0.07 ± 0.26 | 0.02 ± 0.17 |
Sway path-M-L (mm) | 542.80 ± 138.76 | 551.69 ± 134.72 | 545.92 ± 169.14 | 526.08 ± 144.59 | −0.02 ± 0.17 | 0.04 ± 0.19 |
Sway V-total (mm/s) | 40.97 ± 10.34 | 44.08 ± 11.68 | 41.46 ± 11.15 | 42.19 ± 10.77 | −0.03 ± 0.19 | 0.03 ± 0.16 |
Sway V-A-P (mm/s) | 25.40 ± 7.79 | 28.88 ± 9.00 | 26.13 ± 6.56 | 27.78 ± 8.04 | −0.07 ± 0.26 | 0.02 ± 0.17 |
Sway V-M-L (mm/s) | 27.14 ± 6.95 | 27.59 ± 6.75 | 27.31 ± 8.45 | 26.30 ± 7.24 | −0.02 ± 0.17 | 0.04 ± 0.19 |
Sway average amplitude-A-P (mm) | 5.54 ± 1.91 | 6.28 ± 2.30 | 6.27 ± 2.04 | 5.84 ± 1.69 | −0.18 ± 0.41 | 0.01 ± 0.26 |
Sway average amplitude-M-L (mm) | 6.34 ± 1.89 | 6.29 ± 2.12 | 6.28 ± 1.92 | 5.88 ± 2.37 | 0.00 ± 0.20 | 0.06 ± 0.23 |
Sway maximal amplitude-A-P (mm) | 33.91 ± 7.02 | 35.15 ± 7.01 | 33.84 ± 8.98 | 36.40 ± 8.10 | −0.08 ± 0.42 | −0.07 ± 0.30 |
Sway maximal amplitude-M-L (mm) | 25.36 ± 4.09 | 28.31 ± 5.08 | 25.03 ± 5.13 | 26.58 ± 4.24 | −0.01 ± 0.28 | 0.04 ± 0.18 |
Sway area-total (mm2) | 2082.96 ± 782.15 | 2312.31 ± 855.88 | 2032.80 ± 660.08 | 2112.31 ± 639.90 | −0.08 ± 0.45 | 0.04 ± 0.28 |
Sway area-A-P (mm·s) | 106.52 ± 27.25 | 114.59 ± 39.68 | 104.92 ± 28.48 | 107.41 ± 30.94 | −0.03 ± 0.38 | 0.00 ± 0.34 |
Sway area-M-L (mm·s) | 79.79 ± 13.37 # | 91.90 ± 17.41 | 80.17 ± 16.52 | 83.62 ± 13.54 | 0.00 ± 0.24 | 0.07 ± 0.20 |
Sway area per second-total (mm2/s) | 104.10 ± 38.98 | 115.79 ± 42.96 | 101.75 ± 33.08 | 105.68 ± 31.98 | −0.08 ± 0.45 | 0.04 ± 0.28 |
Sway area per second-A-P (mm) | 5.33 ± 1.36 | 5.73 ± 1.98 | 5.25 ± 1.43 | 5.37 ± 1.55 | −0.03 ± 0.38 | 0.00 ± 0.34 |
Sway area per second-M-L (mm) | 3.99 ± 0.67 # | 4.59 ± 0.86 | 4.01 ± 0.83 | 4.18 ± 0.67 | 0.00 ± 0.24 | 0.07 ± 0.19 |
FRE from peaks-A-P (Hz) | 4.69 ± 0.60 | 4.86 ± 1.31 | 4.36 ± 0.94 | 4.87 ± 0.98 | 0.06 ± 0.14 | −0.04 ± 0.25 |
FRE from peaks-M-L (Hz) | 4.41 ± 0.68 | 4.52 ± 0.61 | 4.47 ± 0.80 | 4.70 ± 0.71 | −0.03 ± 0.08 | −0.04 ± 0.10 |
Dominant Leg | Non-Dominant Leg | Bilateral Asymmetry | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Elite Players | Sub-Elite Players | Elite Players | Sub-Elite Players | Elite Players | Sub-Elite Players | ||
RF | Td (ms) | 23.92 ± 2.24 | 23.21 ± 2.75 | 23.44 ± 1.78 | 26.03 ± 3.91 *,# | 0.02 ± 0.09 | −0.12 ± 0.11 # |
Tc (ms) | 30.96 ± 8.37 | 30.99 ± 5.95 | 28.34 ± 6.06 | 31.40 ± 7.99 | 0.06 ± 0.18 | −0.02 ± 0.17 | |
Dm (mm) | 6.86 ± 2.50 | 7.21 ± 2.07 | 7.43 ± 2.95 | 6.32 ± 2.83 | −0.10 ± 0.43 | 0.10 ± 0.35 | |
BF | Td (ms) | 23.18 ± 1.62 | 25.40 ± 2.98 # | 22.37 ± 1.87 | 24.16 ± 2.10 # | 0.03 ± 0.11 | 0.04 ± 0.09 |
Tc (ms) | 26.33 ± 5.90 | 33.96 ± 12.97 | 30.60 ± 14.59 | 33.27 ± 10.03 | −0.21 ± 0.68 | −0.09 ± 0.47 | |
Dm (mm) | 5.84 ± 2.10 | 5.97 ± 2.12 | 5.56 ± 2.79 | 5.93 ± 2.52 | 0.00 ± 0.47 | −0.02 ± 0.36 |
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López-Fernández, J.; García-Unanue, J.; Sánchez-Sánchez, J.; Colino, E.; Hernando, E.; Gallardo, L. Bilateral Asymmetries Assessment in Elite and Sub-Elite Male Futsal Players. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 3169. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17093169
López-Fernández J, García-Unanue J, Sánchez-Sánchez J, Colino E, Hernando E, Gallardo L. Bilateral Asymmetries Assessment in Elite and Sub-Elite Male Futsal Players. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(9):3169. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17093169
Chicago/Turabian StyleLópez-Fernández, Jorge, Jorge García-Unanue, Javier Sánchez-Sánchez, Enrique Colino, Enrique Hernando, and Leonor Gallardo. 2020. "Bilateral Asymmetries Assessment in Elite and Sub-Elite Male Futsal Players" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 9: 3169. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17093169