Association between Subjective Well-Being and Frequent Dental Visits in the German Ageing Survey
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sample
2.2. Dependent Variable
2.3. Independent Variables: SWB
2.4. Independent Variables: Control Variables
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Bivariate Associations
3.2. Regression Analysis
4. Discussion
4.1. Main Findings
4.2. Previous Research and Possible Explanations
4.3. Strengths and Limitations
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Aarabi, G.; Eberhard, J.; Reissmann, D.R.; Heydecke, G.; Seedorf, U. Interaction between periodontal disease and atherosclerotic vascular disease--Fact or fiction? Atherosclerosis 2015, 241, 555–560. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Aarabi, G.; Heydecke, G.; Seedorf, U. Roles of Oral Infections in the Pathomechanism of Atherosclerosis. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2018, 19, 1978. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Schierz, O.; John, M.T.; Reissmann, D.R.; Mehrstedt, M.; Szentpetery, A. Comparison of perceived oral health in patients with temporomandibular disorders and dental anxiety using oral health-related quality of life profiles. Qual. Life Res. 2008, 17, 857–866. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Ferreira, M.C.; Dias-Pereira, A.C.; Branco-de-Almeida, L.S.; Martins, C.C.; Paiva, S.M. Impact of periodontal disease on quality of life: A systematic review. J. Periodontal Res. 2017, 52, 651–665. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Kaur, P.; Singh, S.; Mathur, A.; Makkar, D.K.; Aggarwal, V.P.; Batra, M.; Sharma, A.; Goyal, N. Impact of Dental Disorders and its Influence on Self Esteem Levels among Adolescents. J. Clin. Diagn. Res. 2017, 11, Zc05–Zc08. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Saintrain, M.V.; de Souza, E.H. Impact of tooth loss on the quality of life. Gerodontology 2012, 29, e632–e636. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Rainer Jordan, A. Fünfte Deutsche Mundgesundheitsstudie (DMS V); Institut der Deutschen Zahnärzte: Köln, Germany, 2016. [Google Scholar]
- Healthy People 2020. Oral Health. Available online: https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/leading-health-indicators/2020-lhi-topics/Oral-Health (accessed on 21 October 2019).
- Riley, P.; Worthington, H.V.; Clarkson, J.E.; Beirne, P.V. Recall intervals for oral health in primary care patients. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 2013. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Davenport, C.; Elley, K.; Salas, C.; Taylor-Weetman, C.L.; Fry-Smith, A.; Bryan, S.; Taylor, R. The clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of routine dental checks: A systematic review and economic evaluation. Health Technol. Assess. 2003, 7, 1–127. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Clarkson, J.E.; Pitts, N.B.; Bonetti, D.; Boyers, D.; Braid, H.; Elford, R.; Fee, P.A.; Floate, R.; Goulão, B.; Humphris, G.; et al. INTERVAL (investigation of NICE technologies for enabling risk-variable-adjusted-length) dental recalls trial: A multicentre randomised controlled trial investigating the best dental recall interval for optimum, cost-effective maintenance of oral health in dentate adults attending dental primary care. BMC Oral Health 2018, 18, 135. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Yoshino, K.; Ito, K.; Kuroda, M.; Sugihara, N. Tooth Loss in Problem-oriented, Irregular, and Regular Attenders at Dental Offices. Bull. Tokyo Dent. Coll. 2016, 57, 11–19. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Gaewkhiew, P.; Bernabe, E.; Gallagher, J.E.; Klass, C.; Delgado-Angulo, E.K. Oral impacts on quality of life and problem-oriented attendance among South East London adults. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2017, 15, 82. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Gilbert, G.H.; Stoller, E.P.; Duncan, R.P.; Earls, J.L.; Campbell, A.M. Dental self-care among dentate adults: Contrasting problem-oriented dental attenders and regular dental attenders. Spec. Care Dentist. 2000, 20, 155–163. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Nihtila, A.; Widstrom, E.; Elonheimo, O. Heavy consumption of dental services; a longitudinal cohort study among Finnish adults. BMC Oral Health 2013, 13, 18. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Suominen-Taipale, L.; Widstrom, E. Does dental service utilization drop during economic recession? The example of Finland, 1991-94. Community Dent. Oral Epidemiol. 1998, 26, 107–114. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Järvellin, J. Health Care Systems in Transition: Finland; European Observatory on Health Care Systems; WHO Regional Office for Europe: Copenhaguen, Denmark, 2002. [Google Scholar]
- Widstrom, E.; Agustsdottir, H.; Inge, L.; Pälvärinne, R.; Christensen, L.B. Systems for provision of oral health care in the Nordic countries. VIDENSKAB & KLINIK 2015, 119, 702–711. [Google Scholar]
- Nihtila, A.; Widstrom, E.; Elonheimo, O. Heavy consumption of dental services among Finnish adults. Community Dent. Health 2010, 27, 227–232. [Google Scholar]
- Smits, F.T.; Brouwer, H.J.; ter Riet, G.; van Weert, H.C.P. Epidemiology of frequent attenders: A 3-year historic cohort study comparing attendance, morbidity and prescriptions of one-year and persistent frequent attenders. BMC Public Health 2009, 9, 36. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Gill, D.; Sharpe, M. Frequent consulters in general practice: A systematic review of studies of prevalence, associations and outcome. J. Psychosom Res. 1999, 47, 115–130. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Picco, L.; Achilla, E.; Abdin, E.; Chong, S.A.; Vaingankar, J.A.; McCrone, P.; Chua, H.C.; Heng, D.; Magadi, H.; Ng, L.L.; et al. Economic burden of multimorbidity among older adults: Impact on healthcare and societal costs. BMC Health Serv. Res. 2016, 16, 173. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Smits, F.T.; Brouwer, H.J.; Zwinderman, A.H.; Mohrs, J.; Schene, A.H.; van Weert, H.C.P.M.; ter Riet, G. Why do they keep coming back? Psychosocial etiology of persistence of frequent attendance in primary care: A prospective cohort study. J. Psychosom. Res. 2014, 77, 492–503. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Carmassi, C.; Dell’Oste, V.; Ceresoli, D.; Moscardini, S.; Bianchi, E.; Landi, R.; Massimetti, G.; Nisita, C.; Dell’Osso, L. Frequent attenders in general medical practice in Italy: A preliminary report on clinical variables related to low functioning. Neuropsychiatr. Dis. Treat. 2018, 15, 115–125. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Williams, E.R.; Guthrie, E.; Mackway-Jones, K.; James, M.; Tomenson, B.; Eastham, J.; McNally, D. Psychiatric status, somatisation, and health care utilization of frequent attenders at the emergency department: A comparison with routine attenders. J. Psychosom. Res. 2001, 50, 161–167. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Proctor, C. Subjective Well-Being (SWB). In Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research; Michalos, A.C., Ed.; Springer: Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 2014; pp. 6437–6441. [Google Scholar]
- Andrews, F.M. Social indicators of perceived life quality. Soc. Indic. Res. 1974, 1, 279–299. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Diener, E.; Emmons, R.A.; Larsen, R.J.; Griffin, S. The Satisfaction With Life Scale. J. Personal. Assess. 1985, 49, 71–75. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Watson, D.; Clark, L.A.; Tellegen, A. Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 1988, 54, 1063–1070. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Klaus, D.; Engstler, H.; Mahne, K.; Wolff, J.K.; Simonson, J.; Wurm, S.; Tesch-Römer, C. Cohort Profile: The German Ageing Survey (DEAS). Int. J. Epidemiol 2017, 1–8. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Vedsted, P.; Christensen, M.B. Frequent attenders in general practice care: A literature review with special reference to methodological considerations. Public Health 2005, 119, 118–137. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Welzel, F.D.; Stein, J.; Hajek, A.; König, H.-H.; Riedel-Heller, S.G. Frequent attenders in late life in primary care: A systematic review of European studies. BMC Fam. Pract. 2017, 18, 104. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Crawford, J.R.; Henry, J.D. The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS): Construct validity, measurement properties and normative data in a large non-clinical sample. Br. J. Clin. Psychol. 2004, 43, 245–265. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Krohne, H.W.; Egloff, B.; Kohlmann, C.-W.; Tausch, A. Untersuchungen mit einer deutschen Version der “Positive and Negative Affect Schedule” (PANAS). [Investigations with a German version of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS).]. Diagnostica 1996, 42, 139–156. [Google Scholar]
- Pavot, W.; Diener, E. Review of the satisfaction with life scale. Psychol. Assess. 1993, 5, 164–172. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Glaesmer, H.; Grande, G.; Braehler, E.; Roth, M. The German version of the satisfaction with life scale (SWLS). Eur. J. Psychol. Assess. 2011, 27, 127–132. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hinz, A.; Conrad, I.; Schroeter, M.L.; Glaesmer, H.; Brahler, E.; Zenger, M.; Kocalevent, R.D.; Herzberg, P.Y. Psychometric properties of the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), derived from a large German community sample. Qual. Life Res. 2018, 27, 1661–1670. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Dowrick, C.; Bellon, J.; Gomez, M. GP frequent attendance in Liverpool and Granada: The impact of depressive symptoms. Br. J. Gen. Pract. 2000, 50, 361–365. [Google Scholar]
- Heywood, P.; Blackie, G.C.; Cameron, I.; Dowell, A. An assessment of the attributes of frequent attenders to general practice. Fam. Pract. 1998, 15, 198–204. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Menchetti, M.; Cevenini, N.; De Ronchi, D.; Quartesan, R.; Berardi, D. Depression and frequent attendance in elderly primary care patients. Gen. Hosp. Psychiatry 2006, 28, 119–124. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lehr, D.; Hillert, A.; Schmitz, E.; Sosnowsky, N. Screening depressiver Störungen mittels Allgemeiner Depressions-Skala (ADS-K) und State-Trait Depressions Scales (STDS-T) Eine vergleichende Evaluation von Cut-off-Werten. Diagnostica 2008, 54, 61–70. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Lahti, S.; Suominen-Taipale, L.; Hausen, H. Oral health impacts among adults in Finland: Competing effects of age, number of teeth, and removable dentures. Eur J. Oral. Sci. 2008, 116, 260–266. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lawrence, H.P.; Thomson, W.M.; Broadbent, J.M.; Poulton, R. Oral health-related quality of life in a birth cohort of 32-year olds. Community Dent. Oral Epidemiol. 2008, 36, 305–316. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Polzer, I.; Schimmel, M.; Muller, F.; Biffar, R. Edentulism as part of the general health problems of elderly adults. Int. Dent. J. 2010, 60, 143–155. [Google Scholar]
- Fiske, J.; Davis, D.M.; Frances, C.; Gelbier, S. The emotional effects of tooth loss in edentulous people. Br. Dent. J. 1998, 184, 90–93. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Davis, D.M.; Fiske, J.; Scott, B.; Radford, D.R. The emotional effects of tooth loss: A preliminary quantitative study. Br. Dent. J. 2000, 188, 503–506. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Karlsson, H.; Joukamaa, M.; Lahti, I.; Lehtinen, V.; Kokki-Saarinen, T. Frequent attender profiles: Different clinical subgroups among frequent attender patients in primary care. J. Psychosom. Res. 1997, 42, 157–166. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Shamim, T. The psychosomatic disorders pertaining to dental practice with revised working type classification. Korean. J. Pain 2014, 27, 16–22. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- De Jongh, A. Clinical characteristics of somatization in dental practice. Br. Dent. J. 2003, 195, 151–154, discussion 145. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- von Elm, E.; Altman, D.G.; Egger, M.; Pocock, S.J.; Gøtzsche, P.C.; Vandenbroucke, J.P. The strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (strobe) statement: Guidelines for reporting observational studies. Int. J. Surg. 2014, 12, 1495–1499. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Solon, G.; Haider, S.; Wooldridge, J. What Are We Weighting For? J. Hum. Resour. 2015, 50, 301–316. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Variables | Non-Frequent Dental Visits (n = 6396) | Frequent Dental Visits (n = 868) | p Value |
---|---|---|---|
Female (Ref.: Male): n (%) | 3211 (50.2) | 499 (57.5) | <0.001 |
Age in years: Mean (SD) | 64.4 (11.3) | 64.0 (10.4) | 0.24 |
Married, living together with spouse (Ref.: Others): n (%) | 4503 (70.6) | 600 (69.3) | 0.45 |
Monthly net equivalence income in Euro: Mean (SD) | 1959.0 (1,408.3) | 1893.1 (1154.9) | 0.20 |
East Germany (Ref.: West Germany): n (%) | 2114 (33.1) | 297 (34.2) | 0.49 |
Body-Mass Index (BMI): Mean (SD) | 26.9 (4.6) | 26.7 (4.5) | 0.30 |
Current smoker (Ref.: No): n (%) | 1119 (17.6) | 148 (17.2) | 0.76 |
Daily alcohol consumption (Ref.: Less than daily alcohol consumption): n (%) | 783 (12.3) | 99 (11.4) | 0.47 |
Number of physical illnesses: Mean (SD) | 2.6 (1.9) | 2.8 (1.9) | <0.001 |
Life satisfaction: Mean (SD) | 3.8 (0.7) | 3.7 (0.8) | <0.01 |
Positive affect: Mean (SD) | 3.6 (0.5) | 3.5 (0.5) | 0.19 |
Negative affect: Mean (SD) | 2.1 (0.5) | 2.2 (0.6) | <0.001 |
(1) | (2) | (3) | |
---|---|---|---|
Independent Variables | Frequent Dental Visits | Frequent Dental Visits | Frequent Dental Visits |
Potential confounders | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
Life satisfaction | 0.89 * | ||
(0.80–0.99) | |||
Positive affect | 0.95 | ||
(0.82–1.11) | |||
Negative affect | 1.41 *** | ||
(1.22–1.64) | |||
Observations | 6553 | 6547 | 6546 |
Pseudo R² | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.02 |
(1) | (2) | (3) | |
---|---|---|---|
Independent Variables | Frequent Dental Visits | Frequent Dental Visits | Frequent Dental Visits |
Potential confounders | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
Life satisfaction | 1.00 | ||
(0.93–1.07) | |||
Positive affect | 1.11 * | ||
(1.01–1.23) | |||
Negative affect | 1.27 *** | ||
(1.15–1.40) | |||
Observations | 6553 | 6547 | 6546 |
Pseudo R² | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 |
(1) | (2) | (3) | |
---|---|---|---|
Independent Variables | Frequent Dental Visits | Frequent Dental Visits | Frequent Dental Visits |
Potential confounders | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
Life satisfaction | 0.92 | ||
(0.80–1.06) | |||
Positive affect | 0.91 | ||
(0.75–1.10) | |||
Negative affect | 1.35 ** | ||
(1.12–1.64) | |||
Observations | 6553 | 6547 | 6546 |
Pseudo R² | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 |
© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Valdez, R.; Aarabi, G.; Spinler, K.; Walther, C.; Seedorf, U.; Heydecke, G.; Buczak-Stec, E.; König, H.-H.; Hajek, A. Association between Subjective Well-Being and Frequent Dental Visits in the German Ageing Survey. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 3207. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17093207
Valdez R, Aarabi G, Spinler K, Walther C, Seedorf U, Heydecke G, Buczak-Stec E, König H-H, Hajek A. Association between Subjective Well-Being and Frequent Dental Visits in the German Ageing Survey. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(9):3207. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17093207
Chicago/Turabian StyleValdez, Richelle, Ghazal Aarabi, Kristin Spinler, Carolin Walther, Udo Seedorf, Guido Heydecke, Elzbieta Buczak-Stec, Hans-Helmut König, and André Hajek. 2020. "Association between Subjective Well-Being and Frequent Dental Visits in the German Ageing Survey" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 9: 3207. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17093207