Association between Subjective Well-Being and Frequent Dental Visits in the German Ageing Survey
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sample
2.2. Dependent Variable
2.3. Independent Variables: SWB
2.4. Independent Variables: Control Variables
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Bivariate Associations
3.2. Regression Analysis
4. Discussion
4.1. Main Findings
4.2. Previous Research and Possible Explanations
4.3. Strengths and Limitations
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | Non-Frequent Dental Visits (n = 6396) | Frequent Dental Visits (n = 868) | p Value |
---|---|---|---|
Female (Ref.: Male): n (%) | 3211 (50.2) | 499 (57.5) | <0.001 |
Age in years: Mean (SD) | 64.4 (11.3) | 64.0 (10.4) | 0.24 |
Married, living together with spouse (Ref.: Others): n (%) | 4503 (70.6) | 600 (69.3) | 0.45 |
Monthly net equivalence income in Euro: Mean (SD) | 1959.0 (1,408.3) | 1893.1 (1154.9) | 0.20 |
East Germany (Ref.: West Germany): n (%) | 2114 (33.1) | 297 (34.2) | 0.49 |
Body-Mass Index (BMI): Mean (SD) | 26.9 (4.6) | 26.7 (4.5) | 0.30 |
Current smoker (Ref.: No): n (%) | 1119 (17.6) | 148 (17.2) | 0.76 |
Daily alcohol consumption (Ref.: Less than daily alcohol consumption): n (%) | 783 (12.3) | 99 (11.4) | 0.47 |
Number of physical illnesses: Mean (SD) | 2.6 (1.9) | 2.8 (1.9) | <0.001 |
Life satisfaction: Mean (SD) | 3.8 (0.7) | 3.7 (0.8) | <0.01 |
Positive affect: Mean (SD) | 3.6 (0.5) | 3.5 (0.5) | 0.19 |
Negative affect: Mean (SD) | 2.1 (0.5) | 2.2 (0.6) | <0.001 |
(1) | (2) | (3) | |
---|---|---|---|
Independent Variables | Frequent Dental Visits | Frequent Dental Visits | Frequent Dental Visits |
Potential confounders | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
Life satisfaction | 0.89 * | ||
(0.80–0.99) | |||
Positive affect | 0.95 | ||
(0.82–1.11) | |||
Negative affect | 1.41 *** | ||
(1.22–1.64) | |||
Observations | 6553 | 6547 | 6546 |
Pseudo R² | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.02 |
(1) | (2) | (3) | |
---|---|---|---|
Independent Variables | Frequent Dental Visits | Frequent Dental Visits | Frequent Dental Visits |
Potential confounders | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
Life satisfaction | 1.00 | ||
(0.93–1.07) | |||
Positive affect | 1.11 * | ||
(1.01–1.23) | |||
Negative affect | 1.27 *** | ||
(1.15–1.40) | |||
Observations | 6553 | 6547 | 6546 |
Pseudo R² | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 |
(1) | (2) | (3) | |
---|---|---|---|
Independent Variables | Frequent Dental Visits | Frequent Dental Visits | Frequent Dental Visits |
Potential confounders | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
Life satisfaction | 0.92 | ||
(0.80–1.06) | |||
Positive affect | 0.91 | ||
(0.75–1.10) | |||
Negative affect | 1.35 ** | ||
(1.12–1.64) | |||
Observations | 6553 | 6547 | 6546 |
Pseudo R² | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 |
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Valdez, R.; Aarabi, G.; Spinler, K.; Walther, C.; Seedorf, U.; Heydecke, G.; Buczak-Stec, E.; König, H.-H.; Hajek, A. Association between Subjective Well-Being and Frequent Dental Visits in the German Ageing Survey. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 3207. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17093207
Valdez R, Aarabi G, Spinler K, Walther C, Seedorf U, Heydecke G, Buczak-Stec E, König H-H, Hajek A. Association between Subjective Well-Being and Frequent Dental Visits in the German Ageing Survey. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(9):3207. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17093207
Chicago/Turabian StyleValdez, Richelle, Ghazal Aarabi, Kristin Spinler, Carolin Walther, Udo Seedorf, Guido Heydecke, Elzbieta Buczak-Stec, Hans-Helmut König, and André Hajek. 2020. "Association between Subjective Well-Being and Frequent Dental Visits in the German Ageing Survey" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 9: 3207. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17093207
APA StyleValdez, R., Aarabi, G., Spinler, K., Walther, C., Seedorf, U., Heydecke, G., Buczak-Stec, E., König, H. -H., & Hajek, A. (2020). Association between Subjective Well-Being and Frequent Dental Visits in the German Ageing Survey. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(9), 3207. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17093207