Appearance of Thiacloprid in the Guttation Liquid of Coated Maize Seeds
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Maize Plantations and Sample Collection
2.2. HPLC Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Apperance of TCL in Guttation Liquid of Maize Cultivated under Field Conditions
3.2. Effect of Maize Varieties on the TCL Levels in Guttation Liquid
3.3. Effect of TCL Doses in Seed Coating on the Levels in Guttation Liquid of Maize
3.4. Cross-Contamination
4. Discussion
4.1. TCL Levels in the Guttation Liquid of Maize Cultivated under Field Conditions
4.2. Effect of Maize Varieties on the TCL Levels in the Guttation Liquid
4.3. Effect of the Applied Dosages
4.4. Cross-Contamination
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variety | Category | Average Mass (g/kernel) | Daily Guttation Intensity (µL/plant/day) 1 | Daily Excreted TCL (ng/plant/day) 2 |
---|---|---|---|---|
DK 440 | commercial | 0.19 | 36.2 | 103.5 |
DKC 4964 – Die Sandra | 0.30 | 30.4 | 97.3 | |
GKT 372 | 0.26 | 44.8 | 15.3 | |
Blue | landrace | 0.29 | 37.5 | 42.7 |
White Kiskun | 0.17 | 27.4 | 26.4 | |
Mindszenti | 0.39 | 27.5 | 22.5 | |
Dakota black | heirloom | 0.11 | 18.1 | 77.2 |
Strawberry red | 0.07 | 16.2 | 27.0 | |
Glass gem | 0.16 | 40.4 | 40.3 |
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Mörtl, M.; Takács, E.; Klátyik, S.; Székács, A. Appearance of Thiacloprid in the Guttation Liquid of Coated Maize Seeds. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 3290. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17093290
Mörtl M, Takács E, Klátyik S, Székács A. Appearance of Thiacloprid in the Guttation Liquid of Coated Maize Seeds. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(9):3290. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17093290
Chicago/Turabian StyleMörtl, Mária, Eszter Takács, Szandra Klátyik, and András Székács. 2020. "Appearance of Thiacloprid in the Guttation Liquid of Coated Maize Seeds" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 9: 3290. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17093290