Male Barroom Aggression among Members of the Australian Construction Industry: Associations with Heavy Episodic Drinking, Trait Variables and Masculinity Factors
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. HED and MBA
3. The Association of Trait Aggression, Impulsivity, Narcissism with MBA
4. Male Honour, Conformity to Masculine Norms and MBA
5. Research Rationale
6. Research Aims and Hypotheses
7. Method
7.1. Participants
7.2. Procedure
8. Measures
9. Analyses
10. Results
10.1. Predictors of MBA Perpetration (Physical and Verbal)
10.2. Predictors of MBA Victimization (Physical and Verbal)
11. Discussion
11.1. Heavy Episodic Drinking and Male Barroom Aggression
11.2. Predictors of MBA Perpetration
11.3. Predictors of MBA Victimization
12. Limitations and Future Research
13. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MBA Victimization | ||||||||||||||||||
1. Physical | 1 | 0.65 ** | 0.59 ** | 0.47 ** | 0.25 ** | 0.25 ** | 0.23 ** | 0.22 ** | 0.05 | 0.15 ** | 0.21 ** | 0.13 ** | 0.18 ** | 0.08 | 0.17 ** | 0.00 | −0.08 | 0.16 ** |
2. Verbal | 1 | 0.42 ** | 0.58 ** | 0.23 ** | 0.19 ** | 0.16 ** | 0.13 ** | 0.03 | 0.08 | 0.16 ** | 0.15 ** | 0.13 ** | 0.07 | 0.14 ** | 0.03 | −0.09 | 0.17 ** | |
MBA Perpetration | ||||||||||||||||||
3. Physical | 1 | 0.52 ** | 0.22 ** | 0.32 ** | 0.22 ** | 0.24 ** | 0.04 | 0.18 ** | 0.20 ** | 0.12 ** | 0.30 ** | 0.10 * | 0.19 ** | −0.00 | −0.05 | 0.20 ** | ||
4. Verbal | 1 | 0.19 ** | 0.24 ** | 0.19 ** | 0.13 ** | 0.01 | 0.15 ** | 0.19 ** | 0.15 ** | 0.22 ** | −0.01 | 0.13 ** | 0.05 | 0.00 | 0.09 * | |||
5. HED | 1 | 0.14 ** | 0.07 | 0.11 * | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.13 ** | −0.02 | 0.11 * | 0.04 | 0.15 ** | 0.18 ** | −0.07 | 0.11 * | ||||
Traits | ||||||||||||||||||
6. TPhysical | 1 | 0.42 ** | 0.51 ** | 0.32 ** | 0.19 ** | 0.44 ** | 0.12 * | 0.43 ** | 0.08 | 0.35 ** | 0.17 ** | 0.12 ** | 0.36 ** | |||||
7. TVerbal | 1 | 0.52 ** | 0.30 ** | 0.29 ** | 0.41 ** | 0.27 ** | 0.19 ** | 0.04 | 0.21 ** | 0.11 * | 0.09 | 0.26 ** | ||||||
8. TAnger | 1 | 0.42 ** | 0.20 ** | 0.34 ** | 0.11 * | 0.20 ** | 0.07 | 0.16 ** | 0.13 ** | 0.09 | 0.25 ** | |||||||
9. THostility | 1 | 0.15 ** | 0.23 ** | 0.05 | 0.07 | 0.05 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.16 ** | 0.21 ** | ||||||||
10. Narcissism | 1 | 0.15 ** | 0.05 | 0.07 | 0.05 | 0.07 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.10 * | |||||||||
11. Impulsivity | 1 | 0.19 ** | 0.19 ** | 0.14 ** | 0.28 ** | 0.17 ** | 0.05 | 0.21 ** | ||||||||||
Masculinity/CMNI | ||||||||||||||||||
12. Winning | 1 | 0.17 ** | 0.11 * | 0.22 ** | 0.12 ** | 0.08 | 0.13 ** | |||||||||||
13. Violence | 1 | 0.08 | 0.29 ** | 0.21 ** | 0.06 | 0.26 ** | ||||||||||||
14. Emotional Control | 1 | 0.03 | 0.07 | 0.06 | 0.17 ** | |||||||||||||
15. Risk-Taking | 1 | 0.19 ** | 0.08 | 0.26 ** | ||||||||||||||
16. Playboy | 1 | 0.07 | 0.15 ** | |||||||||||||||
17. HSP | 1 | 0.21 ** | ||||||||||||||||
18. Male Honour | 1 | |||||||||||||||||
Mean | 2.78 | 2.83 | 2.70 | 2.55 | 2.62 | 2.14 | 2.59 | 2.51 | 2.51 | 2.82 | 2.33 | 2.26 | 2.28 | |||||
SD | 0.87 | 0.82 | 0.83 | 0.75 | 1.43 | 0.85 | 0.47 | 0.51 | 0.57 | 0.48 | 0.52 | 0.52 | 0.82 | |||||
Scale Reliabilities | 0.71 | 0.72 | 0.73 | 0.72 | - | 0.87 | 0.61 | 0.69 | 0.86 | 0.81 | 0.71 | 0.71 | 0.60 |
Step 1 | Step 2 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
B (SE) | Wald χ2 | OR | 95% CI | B (SE) | Wald χ2 | OR | 95% CI | |
HED | 2.13(0.48) | 19.92 | 8.44 *** | 3.31–21.55 | 2.34(0.54) | 18.74 | 10.35 *** | 3.59–29.81 |
Trait Physical | 1.12(0.23) | 24.48 | 3.05 *** | 1.96–4.74 | 0.72(0.26) | 7.91 | 2.05 ** | 1.24–3.39 |
Trait Verbal | 0.19(0.21) | 0.82 | 1.20 | 0.81–1.80 | −0.05(0.23) | 0.04 | 0.95 | 0.60–1.50 |
Trait Anger | 0.60(0.22) | 7.75 | 1.82 ** | 1.19–2.77 | 0.77(0.24) | 10.50 | 2.16 ** | 1.36–3.44 |
Trait Hostility | −0.74(0.21) | 12.06 | 0.48 ** | 0.32–0.73 | −0.72(0.24) | 9.25 | 0.49 ** | 0.31–0.77 |
Narcissism | 0.25(0.10) | 6.28 | 1.29 * | 1.06–1.56 | 0.27(0.11) | 6.05 | 1.31 * | 1.06–1.63 |
Impulsivity | 0.11(0.18) | 0.36 | 1.12 | 0.78–1.60 | 0.09(0.22) | 0.18 | 1.09 | 0.78–1.67 |
CMNI Winning | 0.44(0.35) | 1.59 | 1.55 | 0.78–3.07 | ||||
CMNI Violence | 2.05(0.43) | 22.63 | 7.73 *** | 3.33–17.95 | ||||
CMNI Emotional Control | 0.28(0.28) | 1.00 | 1.32 | 0.77–2.28 | ||||
CMNI Risk-Taking | 0.22(0.43) | 0.27 | 1.25 | 0.54–2.87 | ||||
CMNI Playboy | −0.99(0.33) | 8.97 | 0.37 ** | 0.19–0.71 | ||||
CMNI Heterosexual Self-Presentation | −0.38(0.31) | 1.55 | 0.68 | 0.38–1.24 | ||||
Male Honour | 0.29(0.20) | 1.98 | 1.33 | 0.89–1.99 |
Step 1 | Step 2 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
B (SE) | Wald χ2 | OR | 95% CI | B (SE) | Wald χ2 | OR | 95% CI | |
HED | 1.79(0.39) | 20.87 | 6.02 *** | 2.79–12.99 | 1.91(0.41) | 21.71 | 6.73 *** | 3.02–15.02 |
Trait Physical | 0.72(0.19) | 14.76 | 2.04 *** | 1.42–2.94 | 0.61(0.21) | 8.31 | 1.85 ** | 1.22–2.81 |
Trait Verbal | 0.24(0.18) | 1.69 | 1.27 | 0.89–1.82 | 0.06(0.20) | 0.09 | 1.06 | 0.72–1.56 |
Trait Anger | 0.03(0.20) | 0.03 | 1.03 | 0.71–1.51 | 0.08(0.20) | 0.15 | 1.08 | 0.73–1.61 |
Trait Hostility | −0.61(0.19) | 10.40 | 0.54 ** | 0.37–0.79 | −0.59(0.20) | 8.70 | 0.56 ** | 0.38–0.82 |
Narcissism | 0.26(0.09) | 8.76 | 1.30 ** | 1.09–1.55 | 0.31(0.09) | 10.98 | 1.36 ** | 1.13–1.64 |
Impulsivity | 0.28(0.16) | 2.94 | 1.32 | 0.96–1.82 | 0.33(0.18) | 3.49 | 1.39 | 0.98–1.96 |
CMNI Winning | 0.77(0.29) | 6.88 | 2.15 ** | 1.21–3.81 | ||||
CMNI Violence | 1.05(0.32) | 10.62 | 2.87 ** | 1.52–5.39 | ||||
CMNI Emotional Control | −0.40(0.23) | 2.89 | 0.67 | 0.42–1.06 | ||||
CMNI Risk-Taking | −0.18(0.33) | 0.31 | 0.83 | 0.44–1.59 | ||||
CMNI Playboy | −0.38(0.26) | 2.14 | 0.68 | 0.41–1.14 | ||||
CMNI Heterosexual Self-Presentation | −0.02(0.26) | 0.01 | 0.98 | 0.59–1.63 | ||||
Male Honour | −0.13(0.18) | 0.57 | 0.88 | 0.62–1.24 |
Step 1 | Step 2 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
B (SE) | Wald χ2 | OR | 95% CI | B (SE) | Wald χ2 | OR | 95% CI | |
HED | 1.74(0.33) | 28.41 | 5.72 *** | 3.01−10.90 | 1.83(0.34) | 28.54 | 6.23 *** | 3.19–12.20 |
Trait Physical | 0.43(0.16) | 7.10 | 1.54 ** | 1.12–2.11 | 0.34(0.19) | 3.42 | 1.41 | 0.98–2.03 |
Trait Verbal | 0.34(0.17) | 4.20 | 1.41 * | 1.02–1.96 | 0.26(0.18) | 2.09 | 1.29 | 0.91–1.83 |
Trait Anger | 0.26(0.18) | 2.19 | 1.30 | 0.92–1.83 | 0.29(0.18) | 2.60 | 1.34 | 0.94–1.91 |
Trait Hostility | −0.37(0.17) | 4.74 | 0.69 * | 0.50–0.96 | −0.32(0.18) | 3.22 | 0.73 | 0.51–1.03 |
Narcissism | 0.15(0.08) | 3.27 | 1.16 | 0.99–1.36 | 0.15(0.09) | 3.22 | 1.16 | 0.99–1.37 |
Impulsivity | 0.20(0.15) | 1.79 | 1.22 | 0.91–1.63 | 0.17(0.16) | 1.15 | 1.19 | 0.87–1.62 |
CMNI Winning | 0.50(0.27) | 3.50 | 1.65 | 0.98–2.80 | ||||
CMNI Violence | 0.40(0.27) | 2.19 | 1.49 | 0.88–2.52 | ||||
CMNI Emotional Control | 0.27(0.21) | 1.68 | 1.31 | 0.87–1.98 | ||||
CMNI Risk-Taking | 0.20(.29) | 0.49 | 1.23 | 0.69–2.16 | ||||
CMNI Playboy | −0.60(0.24) | 6.07 | 0.55 * | 0.34–0.89 | ||||
CMNI Heterosexual Self-Presentation | −0.58(0.24) | 5.83 | 0.56 * | 0.35–0.90 | ||||
Male Honour | 0.12(0.16) | 0.56 | 1.13 | 0.83–1.54 |
Step 1 | Step 2 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
B (SE) | Wald χ2 | OR | 95% CI | B (SE) | Wald χ2 | OR | 95% CI | |
HED | 1.09(0.25) | 18.67 | 2.97 *** | 1.81–4.86 | 1.11(0.26) | 17.83 | 3.02 *** | 1.81–5.05 |
Trait Physical | 0.28(0.15) | 3.83 | 1.23 * | 1.00–1.77 | 0.23(0.17) | 1.97 | 1.26 | 0.91–1.74 |
Trait Verbal | 0.21(0.15) | 1.83 | 1.23 | 0.91–1.67 | 0.11(0.16) | 0.42 | 1.11 | 0.81–1.53 |
Trait Anger | 0.44(0.16) | 0.07 | 1.05 | 0.76–1.43 | 0.06(0.16) | 0.12 | 1.06 | 0.77–1.46 |
Trait Hostility | −0.17(0.15) | 1.24 | 0.85 | 0.63–1.14 | −0.14(0.07) | 0.83 | 0.87 | 0.64–1.18 |
Narcissism | 0.04(0.07) | 0.36 | 1.05 | 0.90–1.21 | 0.05(0.08) | 0.40 | 1.05 | 0.90–1.22 |
Impulsivity | 0.14(0.14) | 1.01 | 0.31 | 0.88–1.50 | 0.10(0.14) | 0.46 | 1.10 | 0.83–1.46 |
CMNI Winning | 0.57(0.24) | 5.73 | 1.78 * | 1.11–2.84 | ||||
CMNI Violence | 0.05(0.24) | 0.46 | 1.05 | 0.66–1.67 | ||||
CMNI Emotional Control | 0.08(0.19) | 0.20 | 1.09 | 0.75–1.57 | ||||
CMNI Risk-Taking | 0.07(0.25) | 0.07 | 1.07 | 0.65–1.75 | ||||
CMNI Playboy | −0.26(0.21) | 1.54 | 0.77 | 0.51–1.17 | ||||
CMNI Heterosexual Self-Presentation | −0.56(0.22) | 6.71 | 0.57 ** | 0.37–0.87 | ||||
Male Honour | 0.33(0.14) | 5.24 | 1.39 * | 1.05–1.84 |
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Litherland, S.; Miller, P.; Droste, N.; Graham, K. Male Barroom Aggression among Members of the Australian Construction Industry: Associations with Heavy Episodic Drinking, Trait Variables and Masculinity Factors. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 6769. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18136769
Litherland S, Miller P, Droste N, Graham K. Male Barroom Aggression among Members of the Australian Construction Industry: Associations with Heavy Episodic Drinking, Trait Variables and Masculinity Factors. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(13):6769. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18136769
Chicago/Turabian StyleLitherland, Steven, Peter Miller, Nic Droste, and Kathryn Graham. 2021. "Male Barroom Aggression among Members of the Australian Construction Industry: Associations with Heavy Episodic Drinking, Trait Variables and Masculinity Factors" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 13: 6769. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18136769