Effectiveness of an Academic-Practice Team Approach on Research Capacity Building of Nurses and Public Health Professionals
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Participants and Sample Size Estimation
2.2.1. Phase I
2.2.2. Phase II
2.3. Measurement and Data Collection
2.3.1. Phase I
2.3.2. Phase II
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Phase I of the Study
3.1.1. Research Experiences and Research Implementation
3.1.2. Perceived Research Capacity (PRC) and Perceived Research Barriers (PRB)
3.1.3. Relationship between Personal Factors, Research Experiences, and Implementation of Research
3.1.4. Relationship between PRC and Research Implementation
3.1.5. Relationship between PRB and Research Implementation
3.1.6. Factors Affecting Research Implementation
3.2. Phase 2 of the Study
3.2.1. Perceived Research Capacity (PRC)
3.2.2. PRC before and after 16 and 32 Weeks of Participation in the APTP-RCB
3.2.3. Follow-Up Outputs of APTP-RCB Intervention at 32 Weeks
4. Discussion
4.1. Phase I
4.2. Phase II
APTP-RCB Intervention
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristic (Mean ± SD) | Category (Subcategories) | n (%) |
---|---|---|
Personalfactors | ||
Age (years) (37.6 ± 9.8) | <40 | 83 (55.7%) |
≥40 | 66 (44.3%) | |
Gender | Female | 127 (85.2%) |
Male | 22 (14.8%) | |
Education | Bachelor degree or less | 137 (91.9%) |
Master degree | 12 (8.1%) | |
Marital status | Married/separated/widowed/divorced | 94 (63.1%) |
Single | 55 (36.9%) | |
Monthly income | >30,000 THB | 83 (55.7%) |
≤30,000 THB | 66 (44.3%) | |
Working years (14.9 ± 10.1) | <19 | 92 (61.7%) |
≥19 | 57 (38.3%) | |
Health care setting | District hospital | 110 (73.8%) |
Subdistrict Health Promoting Hospital | 39 (26.2%) | |
Working position | Professional nurse | 96 (64.4%) |
Other health professional | 53 (35.6%) | |
(public health officer) | 33 (22.2%) | |
(public health technical officer) | 8 (5.4%) | |
(medical technologist) | 5 (3.4%) | |
(medical science technician) | 3 (2.0%) | |
(physiotherapist) | 2 (1.3%) | |
(occupational therapist) | 2 (1.3%) | |
Research Experience | ||
Training in research | Never | 82 (55.0%) |
Had been trained | 67 (45.0%) | |
Attending research conference | Had attended | 101 (67.8%) |
Never | 48 (32.2%) | |
Using research findings | Had used | 88 (59.1%) |
Never | 61 (40.9%) | |
Research implementation | Never | 99 (66.4%) |
Had implemented | 50 (33.6%) | |
(a research project being undertaken) | 10 (6.7%) | |
Interest in participating in future research training | Yes | 103 (69.1%) |
No | 46 (30.9%) |
The Domain and Selected Items of PRC and PRB | Total Score | Mean | SD | Level |
---|---|---|---|---|
Total Perceived Research Capacity (PRC) | 100 | 58.2 | 12.8 | moderate |
Literature reviews and research framework (RC2-LrRf) | 100 | 60.2 | 13.7 | moderate |
Research problems, purpose, and hypotheses (RC1-RpPH) | 100 | 59.7 | 13.0 | moderate |
Data collection, analysis, and interpretation (RC4-DcAI) | 100 | 59.0 | 13.0 | moderate |
Research method (RC3-Rm) | 100 | 56.7 | 12.9 | moderate |
Finding’s discussion and dissemination (RC5-FdD) | 100 | 55.9 | 14.3 | moderate |
Total Perceived Research Barriers Subscale (PRB) | 100 | 64.2 | 11.2 | moderate |
Organizational barriers (RB2-Ob) | 100 | 66.6 | 12.8 | moderate |
Personal barriers (RB1-Pb) | 100 | 61.8 | 12.0 | moderate |
5-items of PRC holding the lowest mean | ||||
Writing a research manuscript | 5 | 2.6 | 0.8 | moderate |
Preparing a research instrument | 5 | 2.6 | 0.7 | moderate |
Selecting appropriate statistics | 5 | 2.7 | 0.8 | moderate |
Designing a research project | 5 | 2.7 | 0.7 | moderate |
Interpreting findings | 5 | 2.8 | 0.8 | moderate |
Top five barriers of RB1-Pb | ||||
Reading English research literature | 5 | 3.9 | 1.0 | highest |
Lack of research experience | 5 | 3.6 | 1.0 | highest |
Abundance of research procedures | 5 | 3.5 | 0.9 | highest |
Little knowledge of research methods | 5 | 3.5 | 0.9 | highest |
Identifying research problems | 5 | 3.3 | 0.8 | moderate |
Top five barriers of RB2-Ob | ||||
Workload constraints | 5 | 3.7 | 1.0 | highest |
Time burden | 5 | 3.6 | 0.8 | highest |
No research team | 5 | 3.6 | 0.9 | highest |
Lack of research mentors | 5 | 3.6 | 0.9 | highest |
Research funding | 5 | 3.5 | 1.0 | highest |
Characteristic (Mean ± SD) | Category (Subcategories) | Never Implemented Research n (%) | Had Implemented Research n (%) | χ2 (p-Value) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Personal factors | ||||
Age (years) (37.6 ± 9.8) | <40 | 58 (58.6%) | 25 (50.0%) | 0.993 (0.319) |
≥40 | 41 (41.4%) | 43 (50.0%) | ||
Sex | Male | 15 (15.2%) | 7 (14.0%) | 0.035 (0.852) |
Female | 84 (84.8%) | 43 (86.0%) | ||
Education | Bachelor degree and lower | 92 (92.9%) | 45 (90.0%) | (0.538) a |
Master degree | 7 (7.1%) | 5 (10.0%) | ||
Marital status | Single | 37 (37.4%) | 18 (36.0%) | 0.027 (0.870) |
Married/Separated/Widowed | 62 (62.6%) | 32 (64.0%) | ||
Monthly income | 30,000 THB | 47 (47.5%) | 19 (38.0%) | 1.209 (0.272) |
>30,000 THB | 52 (52.5%) | 31 (62.0%) | ||
Working years (14.9 ± 10.1) | <19 | 66 (66.7%) | 26 (52.0%) | 3.025 (0.082) |
≥19 | 33 (33.3%) | 24 (48.0%) | ||
Health care setting | Subdistrict Health Promoting Hospital | 24 (24.2%) | 15 (30.0%) | 0.570 (0.450) |
District hospital | 75 (75.8%) | 35 (70.0%) | ||
Working position | Professional Nurse | 64 (64.6%) | 32 (64.0%) | 0.006 (0.938) |
Other health professional | 35 (35.4%) | 18 (36.0%) | ||
Research experience | ||||
Training in research | Never | 71 (71.7%) | 11 (22.0%) | 33.183 (<0.001) *** |
Had been trained | 28 (28.3%) | 39 (78.0%) | ||
Attending research conference | Never | 43 (43.4%) | 5 (10.0%) | 17.006 (<0.001) *** |
Had attended | 56 (56.6%) | 45 (90.0%) | ||
Using research findings | Never | 49 (49.5%) | 12 (24.0%) | 8.931 (0.003) ** |
Had used | 50 (50.5%) | 38 (76.0%) | ||
Interest in participating in future research trainings | No | 36 (36.4%) | 10 (20.0%) | 4.168 (0.041) * |
Yes | 63 (63.6%) | 40 (80.0%) |
Domain of Perceived Research Capacity | Research Implementation | Mean Rank | Sum of Ranks | Z-Test | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Research problems, purpose, and hypotheses (RC1-RpPH) | Never | 70.8 | 7013.0 | −1.676 | 0.047 * |
Implemented | 83.2 | 4162.0 | |||
Literature reviews and research framework (RC2-LrRf) | Never | 70.6 | 6990.0 | −1.762 | 0.039 * |
Implemented | 83.7 | 4185.0 | |||
Research method (RC3-Rm) | Never | 72.3 | 7158.5 | −1.075 | 0.141 |
Implemented | 80.3 | 4016.5 | |||
Data collection, analysis, and interpretation (RC4-DcAI) | Never | 73.2 | 7243.0 | −0.738 | 0.230 |
Implemented | 78.6 | 3932.0 | |||
Finding’s discussion and dissemination (RC5-FdD) | Never | 73.0 | 7230.0 | −0.790 | 0.215 |
Implemented | 79.0 | 3945.0 | |||
Total Perceived Research Capacity (PRC) | Never | 72.1 | 7137.0 | −1.158 | 0.124 |
Implemented | 80.1 | 4038.0 |
Domain of Perceived Research Barriers Subscale | Never | Had | t-Test | p-Value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | |||
Total Perceived Research Barriers Subscale (PRB) | 65.6 | 10.5 | 61.4 | 12.1 | 2.125 | 0.018 * |
Personal barriers (RB1-Pb) | 63.4 | 10.4 | 58.6 | 14.2 | 2.297 | 0.012 * |
Organizational barriers (RB2-Ob) | 67.9 | 13.0 | 64.1 | 12.2 | 1.751 | 0.042 * |
Variable | Coefficient | SE | p-Value | Odds Ratio |
---|---|---|---|---|
Training in research | 1.761 | 0.464 | <0.001 *** | 5.8 |
Attending research conference | 0.916 | 0.596 | 0.125 | 2.5 |
Using research findings | 0.458 | 0.457 | 0.316 | 1.6 |
Research problems, purpose, and hypotheses (RC1-RpPH) | −0.039 | 0.070 | 0.579 | 1.0 |
Organizational barriers (RB2-Ob) | 0.013 | 0.035 | 0.721 | 1.0 |
Personal barriers (RB1-Pb) | −0.036 | 0.037 | 0.346 | 1.0 |
Interest in participating in future research trainings | 0.015 | 0.482 | 0.744 | 1.1 |
Characteristics (Mean± SD) | Categories | n (%) |
---|---|---|
Age (years) (47.8 ± 4.3) | ≥40 | 22 (91.7%) |
<40 | 2 (8.3%) | |
Sex | Female | 24 (100.0%) |
Male | 0 (0.0%) | |
Education | Bachelor’s degree | 11 (45.8%) |
Master’s degree | 13 (54.2%) | |
Marital status | Married | 19 (79.2%) |
Single | 4 (16.6%) | |
Separated/widowed/divorced | 1 (4.2%) | |
Monthly income (THB) | >50,000 | 10 (41.7%) |
40,001–50,000 | 5 (20.8%) | |
30,001–40,000 | 7 (29.2%) | |
20,001–30,000 | 2 (8.3%) | |
Working years (25.6 ± 4.9) | ≥20 | 21 (87.5%) |
<20 | 3 (12.5%) | |
Health care setting | Provincial hospital | 14 (58.3%) |
District hospitals | 6 (25.0%) | |
Nursing College | 3 (12.5%) | |
Sub-district Health Promoting Hospitals | 1 (4.2%) | |
Working position | Professional Nurse | 18 (75.0%) |
Public health officers | 2 (8.3%) | |
Clinical psychologist | 2 (8.3%) | |
Pharmacist | 1 (4.2%) | |
Medical technologists | 1 (4.2%) |
Domain and Selected Items of PRC | Total Score | Mean | SD | Level |
---|---|---|---|---|
Total Perceived Research Capacity (PRC) | 100 | 50.4 | 15.7 | moderate |
Data collection, analysis, and interpretation (RC4-DcAI) | 100 | 56.9 | 16.4 | moderate |
Research problems, purpose, and hypotheses (RC1-RpPH) | 100 | 52.5 | 18.3 | moderate |
Literature reviews and research framework (RC2-LrRf) | 100 | 51.0 | 17.5 | moderate |
Research method (RC3-Rm) | 100 | 51.6 | 17.3 | moderate |
Findings discussion and dissemination (RC5-FdD) | 100 | 49.8 | 16.1 | low |
5 items holding the lowest mean | ||||
Conceptualizing a research framework | 5 | 2.3 | 0.9 | low |
Selecting appropriate statistics | 5 | 2.3 | 0.9 | low |
Writing a research manuscript | 5 | 2.3 | 0.9 | low |
Designing a research project | 5 | 2.4 | 0.9 | low |
Preparing a research instrument | 5 | 2.4 | 0.9 | low |
Domain of Perceived Research Capacity | Time of Measurement | Mean | SD | p-Value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M1-M2-M3 a | M1-M2 b | M2-M3 b | ||||
Research problems, purpose, and hypotheses (RC1-RpPH) | M1 | 50.4 | 15.7 | <0.001 *** | ||
M2 | 72.3 | 10.5 | <0.001 *** | |||
M3 | 76.4 | 9.3 | 0.112 | |||
Literature reviews and research framework (RC2-LrRf) | M1 | 51.0 | 17.5 | <0.001 *** | ||
M2 | 75.3 | 9.3 | <0.001 *** | |||
M3 | 77.5 | 9.0 | 0.295 | |||
Research method (RC3-Rm) | M1 | 51.6 | 17.3 | <0.001 *** | ||
M2 | 72.6 | 11.0 | <0.001 *** | |||
M3 | 77.2 | 10.0 | 0.008 ** | |||
Data collection, analysis, and interpretation (RC4-DcAI) | M1 | 56.9 | 16.4 | <0.001 *** | ||
M2 | 74.2 | 12.0 | <0.001 *** | |||
M3 | 77.1 | 11.1 | 0.169 | |||
Findings discussion and dissemination (RC5-FdD) | M1 | 49.8 | 16.1 | <0.001 *** | ||
M2 | 68.7 | 11.1 | <0.001 *** | |||
M3 | 74.0 | 10.5 | 0.020 * | |||
Total Perceived Research Capacity (PRC) | M1 | 50.4 | 15.7 | <0.001 *** | ||
M2 | 72.3 | 10.5 | <0.001 *** | |||
M3 | 76.4 | 9.3 | 0.014 * |
Characteristic | Categories | n (%) |
---|---|---|
Ethics approval | Approved | 23 (95.8%) |
Being revised | 1 (4.2%) | |
Received financial support | Yes | 22 (91.7%) |
No | 2 (8.3%) | |
Research design | Cross sectional study | 11 (45.8%) |
Quasi-experimental | 13 (54.2%) | |
Targeted sample | Health services recipients (e.g., patients received counseling at methadone clinic, women experiencing first cesarean section, patients of diet and physical activity clinic) | 16 (66.7%) |
Community residents/leaders | 3 (12.5%) | |
Public health professionals | 2 (8.3%) | |
Donor blood sample | 1 (4.2%) | |
Medical records | 2 (8.3%) | |
Research dissemination | International academic conference | 2 (8.3%) |
Thai academic conference | 1 (4.2%) | |
Manuscripts being prepared for regional academic conference | 6 (25.0%) | |
In progress | 15 (62.5%) |
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Wittayapun, Y.; Nawarat, J. Effectiveness of an Academic-Practice Team Approach on Research Capacity Building of Nurses and Public Health Professionals. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 7199. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18137199
Wittayapun Y, Nawarat J. Effectiveness of an Academic-Practice Team Approach on Research Capacity Building of Nurses and Public Health Professionals. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(13):7199. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18137199
Chicago/Turabian StyleWittayapun, Yuwadee, and Jiraphat Nawarat. 2021. "Effectiveness of an Academic-Practice Team Approach on Research Capacity Building of Nurses and Public Health Professionals" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 13: 7199. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18137199