Personality Determinants of Diet Quality among Polish and Spanish Physical Education Students
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Survey Design and Sample
2.2. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | n | Descriptive Statistics | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
M | SD | |||
Personality traits (NEO-FFI) | Neuroticism | 499 | 33.34 | 6.26 |
Extraversion | 499 | 40.48 | 5.71 | |
Openness | 499 | 37.15 | 4.36 | |
Agreeableness | 499 | 39.69 | 4.58 | |
Conscientiousness | 499 | 37.89 | 7.11 |
Variables | M Poland | M Spain | p | SD Poland | SD Spain | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
NEO-FFI | Neuroticism | 32.58 | 33.93 | 0.029 * | 8.57 | 3.43 |
Extraversion | 43.34 | 38.23 | <0.001 * | 6.04 | 4.26 | |
Openness | 36.92 | 37.34 | 0.323 * | 5.48 | 3.22 | |
Agreeableness | 39.84 | 39.58 | 0.534 * | 5.52 | 3.68 | |
Conscientiousness | 43.79 | 33.27 | <0.001 * | 6.46 | 2.98 |
Evaluated Categories (Groups of Food Products and Indexes of Diet Quality) | Me All | Me Poland | Me Spain | Min | Max | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Potentially beneficial influence on health (pHDI-10) | Fruit | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0 | 2.00 |
Vegetables | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0 | 2.00 | |
Wholemeal bread | 0.14 | 0.50 | 0.06 | 0 | 2.00 | |
Thickly-ground barley, oatmeal, whole wheat pasta | 0.14 | 0.50 | 0.14 | 0 | 2.00 | |
Legume seeds | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0 | 2.00 | |
Milk | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0 | 2.00 | |
Fermented dairy products | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0 | 2.00 | |
Fresh cheese | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0.06 | 0 | 2.00 | |
Poultry dishes | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0 | 2.00 | |
Fish dishes | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0 | 2.00 | |
Potentially detrimental influence on health (nHDI-14) | White bread | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.14 | 0 | 2.00 |
White rice, finely-ground barley | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0 | 2.00 | |
Hard, soft, or processed cheeses | 0.14 | 0.50 | 0.06 | 0 | 2.00 | |
Cold cuts, sausages, hot dogs | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0 | 2.00 | |
Dishes from red meat | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0 | 2.00 | |
Canned meat | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0 | 1.00 | |
Fried foods (farinaceous and meat) | 0.14 | 0.50 | 0.14 | 0 | 2.00 | |
Butter | 0.06 | 0.50 | 0.06 | 0 | 2.00 | |
Lard | 0.06 | 0.00 | 0.06 | 0 | 2.00 | |
Fast food | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0 | 2.00 | |
Sweets and confectionary | 0.14 | 0.50 | 0.14 | 0 | 2.00 | |
Sweetened carbonated and non-carbonated drinks | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0 | 2.00 | |
Energy drinks | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0 | 2.00 | |
Alcoholic beverages | 0.06 | 0.14 | 0.06 | 0 | 2.00 |
Index | M All | M Poland | M Spain | p | SD All | SD Poland | SD Spain |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
pHDI-10 | 4.65 | 4.92 | 4.43 | 0.029 * | 2.57 | 2.27 | 2.76 |
nHDI-14 | 4.05 | 4.45 | 3.74 | <0.001 | 2.60 | 2.27 | 2.02 |
Evaluated Categories (Groups of Food Products and Indexes of Diet Quality) | Spearman’s Rho | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | E | O | A | C | ||
Potentially beneficial (pHDI-10) | Fruit | −0.01 | 0.16 ** | 0.07 | 0.09 | 0.14 ** |
Vegetables | −0.05 | 0.21 ** | 0.08 | 0.06 | 0.29 ** | |
Wholemeal bread | 0.03 | 0.12 ** | −0.03 | 0.05 | 0.21 ** | |
Thickly-ground barley, oatmeal, whole-wheat pasta | −0.09 * | 0.09 * | 0.07 | 0.06 | 0.14 ** | |
Legume seeds | 0.03 | −0.09 ** | 0.08 | 0.07 | −0.23 ** | |
Milk | 0.07 | −0.05 | −0.02 | −0.03 | 0.05 | |
Fermented dairy products | 0.07 | −0.02 | −0.07 | 0.00 | 0.06 | |
Fresh cheese | −0.02 | −0.02 | −0.03 | −0.07 | 0.22 ** | |
Poultry dishes | −0.06 | 0.09 | −0.04 | −0.08 | 0.12 ** | |
Fish dishes | 0.06 | −0.06 | 0.04 | −0.03 | −0.13 ** | |
Potentially detrimental (nHDI-14) | White bread | −0.03 | 0.03 | −0.17 ** | −0.00 | 0.05 |
White rice, finely-ground barley | −0.04 | 0.06 | 0.02 | −0.04 | 0.09 | |
Hard, soft, and processed cheeses | −0.04 | 0.09 | −0.04 | 0.05 | 0.22 ** | |
Cold cuts, sausages, hot dogs | 0.02 | 0.01 | −0.10 * | −0.10 * | 0.01 | |
Dishes from red meat | 0.01 | −0.12 ** | 0.04 | −0.16 ** | −0.13 ** | |
Canned meat | 0.06 | −0.15 ** | −0.10 * | −0.06 | −0.27 ** | |
Fried foods (farinaceous and meat) | −0.04 | 0.15 ** | −0.11 * | −0.09 * | 0.22 ** | |
Butter | 0.05 | 0.13 ** | −0.14 ** | 0.02 | 0.13 ** | |
Lard | 0.13 ** | −0.19 ** | −0.06 | −0.03 | −0.36 ** | |
Fast food | 0.04 | −0.06 | −0.07 | −0.10 * | −0.16 ** | |
Sweets and confectionary | 0.09 * | 0.09 * | −0.17 ** | 0.00 | 0.21 ** | |
Sweetened carbonated and non-carbonated beverages | −0.01 | −0.02 | −0.15 ** | −0.10 * | −0.15 ** | |
Energy drinks | 0.01 | −0.03 | −0.10 * | −0.12 ** | −0.15 ** | |
Alcoholic beverages | −0.09 | 0.21 ** | 0.06 | −0.00 | 0.08 | |
Pearson’s r | ||||||
Indexes | pHDI-10 | −0.02 | 0.09 * | 0.08 | 0.06 | 0.14 ** |
nHDI-14 | −0.03 | 0.09 * | −0.13 ** | −0.11 * | 0.06 |
Dep. Variable | Moderator | Ind. Variable | β | SE | t | p Interaction | Slopes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pro-healthy diet indicator (pHDI-10) | Country | Neuroticism | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.94 | 0.350 | β P = −0.03 (p = 0.609) β S = 0.09 (p = 0.427) |
Extraversion | −0.05 | 0.06 | −0.76 | 0.450 | β P = 0.10 (p = 0.130) β S = 0.02 (p = 0.808) | ||
Openness | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.18 | 0.858 | β P = 0.08 (p = 0.154) β S = 0.09 (p = 0.245) | ||
Agreeableness | −0.10 | 0.06 | −1.86 | 0.063 | β P = 0.12 (p = 0.032) β S = −0.05 p = 0.479) | ||
Conscientiousness | −0.07 | 0.07 | −1.00 | 0.318 | β P = 0.19 (p = 0.010) β S = 0.03 (p = 0.823) |
Dep. Variable | Moderator | Ind. Variable | β | SE | t | p Interaction | Slopes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Non-healthy diet indicator (nHDI-14) | Country | Neuroticism | 0.05 | 0.05 | 1.08 | 0.282 | β P = −0.04 (p = 0.449) β S = 0.09 (p = 0.401) |
Extraversion | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.97 | 0.331 | β P = −0.02 (p = 0.790) β S = 0.08 (p = 0.303) | ||
Openness | 0.09 | 0.05 | 1.76 | 0.078 | β P = −0.17 (p = 0.001) β S < 0.001 (p = 0.962) | ||
Agreeableness | 0.08 | 0.05 | 1.56 | 0.119 | β P = −0.17 (p = 0.003) β S = −0.02 (p = 0.740) | ||
Conscientiousness | 0.29 | 0.07 | 4.09 | <0.001 | β P = −0.27 (p < 0.001) β S = 0.37 (p = 0.008) |
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Gacek, M.; Kosiba, G.; Wojtowicz, A. Personality Determinants of Diet Quality among Polish and Spanish Physical Education Students. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 466. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020466
Gacek M, Kosiba G, Wojtowicz A. Personality Determinants of Diet Quality among Polish and Spanish Physical Education Students. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(2):466. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020466
Chicago/Turabian StyleGacek, Maria, Grażyna Kosiba, and Agnieszka Wojtowicz. 2021. "Personality Determinants of Diet Quality among Polish and Spanish Physical Education Students" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 2: 466. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020466