International Price Comparisons of Anticancer Drugs: A Scheme for Improving Patient Accessibility
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Selection of Anticancer Drugs and Countries
2.2. Data Sources
2.3. Price Comparison According to Price Indices
2.4. Budget Impact Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Generic Name (Brand Name) | Initial Indication | Manufacturer | Strength | Approval Date in Korea | Listing Date for Reimbursement | Price at Listing date (US$) | Duration for Listing * (Months) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dasatinib (Sprycel®) | Leukemia | Bristol-Myers Squibb | 20 mg | 25/1/2007 | 6/2008 | 20.60 | 16 |
50 mg | 25/1/2007 | 6/2008 | 39.50 | 16 | |||
70 mg | 25/1/2007 | 6/2008 | 47.22 | 16 | |||
80 mg | 27/10/2016 | 2/2017 | 47.97 | 4 | |||
100 mg | 14/4/2011 | 10/2011 | 57.14 | 6 | |||
Lapatinib (Tykerb®) | Metastatic breast cancer | Novartis | 250 mg | 30/7/2007 | 3/2010 | 11.65 | 31 |
Bevacizumab (Avastin®) | Metastatic colorectal cancer | Roche | 100 mg/4 mL | 12/9/2007 | 3/2014 | 340.95 | 77 |
400 mg/16 mL | 12/9/2007 | 3/2014 | 1108.10 | 77 | |||
Nilotinib (Tasigna®) | Chronic myeloid leukemia | Novartis | 150 mg | 24/12/2010 | 7/2012 | 16.92 | 18 |
200 mg | 26/10/2007 | 12/2011 | 19.79 | 49 | |||
Sorafenib (Nexavar®) | Advanced renal cell carcinoma | Bayer | 200 mg | 7/1/2008 | 5/2008 | 21.88 | 4 |
Fludarabine (Fludara®) | Chronic lymphocytic leukemia | Sanofi | 10 mg tablet | 4/2/2008 | 4/2010 | 24.79 | 26 |
50 mg vial | 4/2/2008 | 4/2010 | 203.14 | 26 | |||
Paclitaxel (Abraxane®) | Metastatic breast cancer | Celgene | 100 mg | 31/3/2008 | 8/2009 | 261.01 | 16 |
Exemestane (Aromasin®) | Metastatic breast cancer | Pfizer | 25 mg | 24/7/2008 | 6/2009 | 4.24 | 10 |
Temsirolimus (Torisel®) | Advanced renal cell carcinoma | Pfizer | 30 mg/1.2 mL | 24/10/2008 | 6/2011 | 680.87 | 32 |
Everolimus (Afinitor®) | Metastatic breast cancer | Novartis | 2.5 mg | 10/6/2011 | 2/2012 | 26.90 | 8 |
5 mg | 26/6/2009 | 8/2011 | 53.81 | 25 | |||
10 mg | 26/6/2009 | 8/2011 | 80.70 | 25 | |||
Decitabine (Dacogen®) | Myelodysplastic syndrome | Janssen | 50 mg | 27/6/2007 | 8/2008 | 663.02 | 13 |
Pazopanib (Votrient®) | Advanced renal cell carcinoma | Novartis | 200 mg | 11/8/2010 | 5/2011 | 24.47 | 9 |
400 mg | 11/8/2010 | 5/2011 | 38.64 | 9 | |||
Eribulin (Halaven®) | Metastatic breast cancer | Eisai | 1 mg/2 mL | 17/8/2012 | 6/2014 | 159.70 | 22 |
Ruxolitinib (Jakavi®) | Myelofibrosis | Novartis | 5 mg | 21/1/2013 | 5/2015 | 24.08 | 25 |
15 mg | 21/1/2013 | 5/2015 | 48.17 | 25 | |||
20 mg | 21/1/2013 | 5/2015 | 48.17 | 25 | |||
Degarelix (Firmagon®) | Advanced prostate cancer | Ferring | 80 mg | 18/4/2013 | 11/2015 | 117.10 | 30 |
120 mg | 18/4/2013 | 11/2015 | 146.38 | 30 | |||
Afatinib (Giotrif®) | Metastatic non-small cell lung cancer | Boehringer Ingelheim | 20 mg | 29/1/2014 | 10/2014 | 28.49 | 8 |
30 mg | 29/1/2014 | 10/2014 | 35.61 | 8 | |||
40 mg | 29/1/2014 | 10/2014 | 41.55 | 8 | |||
Obinutuzumab (Gazyva®) | Chronic lymphocytic leukemia | Roche | 1000 mg/40 mL | 22/9/2014 | 4/2017 | 3586.86 | 30 |
Lenvatinib (Lenvima®) | Thyroid cancer | Eisai | 4 mg | 7/10/2015 | 8/2017 | 27.39 | 22 |
10 mg | 7/10/2015 | 8/2017 | 27.39 | 22 |
Generic Name (Brand Name) | Strength | S. Korea | U.S. | U.K. | Germany | France | Italy | Switzerland | Japan |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dasatinib (Sprycel®) | 20 mg | 18.84 | 134.03 | 27.26 | 41.54 | 33.80 | NA | 40.42 | 36.69 |
50 mg | 38.40 | 268.07 | 54.52 | 83.69 | 65.20 | 122.71 | 85.69 | 86.74 | |
70 mg | 44.83 | 223.39 | NA | NA | 65.20 | NA | 85.69 | NA | |
80 mg | 47.97 | 483.15 | 109.03 | 167.40 | NA | 245.40 | NA | NA | |
100 mg | 56.98 | 483.15 | 109.03 | 167.40 | 130.39 | 245.40 | 175.90 | NA | |
Lapatinib (Tykerb®) | 250 mg | 11.30 | 54.37 | 15.00 | 21.03 | 17.95 | 28.96 | 23.87 | 15.26 |
Bevacizumab (Avastin®) | 100 mg/4 mL | 297.35 | 910.25 | 316.87 | 395.49 | NA | 560.60 | 501.47 | 381.99 |
400 mg/16 mL | 966.43 | 3034.16 | 1207.09 | 1435.33 | NA | 2242.40 | 1792.44 | 1454.67 | |
Nilotinib (Tasigna®) | 150 mg | 16.84 | 124.15 | 28.36 | 29.73 | 26.49 | 45.91 | 35.03 | 33.10 |
200 mg | 19.72 | 124.15 | 28.36 | 42.77 | 34.88 | 61.22 | 51.60 | 43.37 | |
Sorafenib (Nexavar®) | 200 mg | 16.32 | 164.79 | 41.69 | 38.65 | 29.74 | 58.31 | 43.82 | 42.80 |
Fludarabine (Fludara®) | 10 mg tablet | 24.79 | NA | 26.34 | NA | 32.05 | 35.34 | NA | 34.25 |
50 mg vial | 162.50 | 350 | 195.77 | 91.66 | NA | 282.10 | 211.51 | 313.48 | |
Paclitaxel (Abraxane®) | 100 mg | 250.79 | 1508.68 | 321.23 | 346.61 | NA | 405.40 | 423.60 | 449.40 |
Exemestane (Aromasin®) | 25 mg | 4.02 | 40.26 | 3.86 | 5.48 | 2.43 | 2.65 | 4.97 | 3.96 |
Temsirolimus (Torisel®) | 30 mg/1.2 mL | 626.77 | 2061.66 | 809.60 | 970.88 | NA | 1807.84 | 1300.29 | 1251.21 |
Everolimus (Afinitor®) | 2.5 mg | 24.21 | 506.06 | 52.23 | 48.10 | 52.18 | NA | NA | 64.00 |
5 mg | 47.17 | 529.33 | 97.93 | 97.43 | 100.59 | 148.92 | 105.15 | 123.99 | |
10 mg | 69.95 | 529.33 | 116.34 | 140.52 | 129.61 | 211.80 | 139.33 | NA | |
Decitabine (Dacogen®) | 50 mg | 578.59 | 2155.86 | 1267.76 | 1695.75 | NA | 2035.31 | 1605.88 | NA |
Pazopanib (Votrient®) | 200 mg | 23.33 | 110.19 | 24.39 | 33.82 | 27.75 | 50.11 | 36.95 | 37.91 |
400 mg | 35.92 | NA | 48.80 | 67.86 | 52.10 | 100.20 | 69.35 | NA | |
Eribulin (Halaven®) | 1 mg/2 mL | 154.38 | 1279.2 | 471.40 | 438.24 | NA | 661.88 | 520.22 | 603.14 |
Ruxolitinib (Jakavi®) | 5 mg | 23.27 | NA | 33.29 | 44.89 | 38.84 | 65.15 | 39.41 | 33.93 |
15 mg | 46.53 | NA | 66.60 | 90.43 | 75.25 | 130.29 | 75.48 | NA | |
20 mg | 46.53 | NA | 66.60 | 90.43 | 75.25 | 130.29 | 75.48 | NA | |
Degarelix (Firmagon®) | 80 mg | 117.10 | 584.14 | 168.93 | 152.81 | 162.47 | 236.52 | 233.95 | NA |
120 mg | 146.38 | 914.51 | 169.76 | 138.41 | 145.28 | 224.48 | 231.42 | NA | |
Afatinib (Giotrif®) | 20 mg | 26.97 | 325.22 | 94.36 | 101.45 | 74.21 | 133.87 | 108.17 | 53.45 |
30 mg | 33.71 | 325.22 | 94.36 | 101.45 | 74.21 | 133.87 | 108.17 | 78.23 | |
40 mg | 39.33 | 325.22 | 94.36 | 101.45 | 74.21 | 133.87 | 108.17 | 102.49 | |
Obinutuzumab (Gazyva®) | 1000 mg/40 mL | 3,586.86 | 7,160.71 | 4,324.84 | 4,373.64 | NA | 6,569.26 | 3,566.49 | NA |
Lenvatinib (Lenvima®) | 4 mg | 27.39 | 290.5 | 62.58 | 78.38 | 63.67 | 103.40 | 80.35 | 36.21 |
10 mg | 27.39 | 309 | 62.58 | 78.38 | 63.65 | 103.52 | 80.35 | 85.61 |
Based on | Price Index in Each Country | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
S. Korea | U.S. | U.K. | Germany | France | Italy | Switzerland | Japan | |
Currency Exchange Rate | ||||||||
Laspeyres PI | 1.00 | 2.78 | 1.17 | 2.20 | 1.29 | 2.17 | 1.45 | 1.47 |
Paasche PI | 1.00 | 2.47 | 1.05 | 1.90 | 1.43 | 1.99 | 1.33 | 1.49 |
Fisher PI | 1.00 | 2.62 | 1.11 | 2.04 | 1.36 | 2.07 | 1.39 | 1.48 |
Unweighted PI | 1.00 | 3.88 | 1.24 | 2.36 | 1.39 | 2.18 | 1.51 | 1.98 |
Purchasing Power Parity | ||||||||
Laspeyres PI | 1.00 | 2.13 | 0.78 | 1.59 | 0.99 | 1.64 | 0.80 | 1.11 |
Paasche PI | 1.00 | 1.92 | 0.72 | 1.47 | 0.95 | 1.58 | 0.74 | 1.09 |
Fisher PI | 1.00 | 2.02 | 0.75 | 1.53 | 0.97 | 1.61 | 0.77 | 1.10 |
Unweighted PI | 1.00 | 2.93 | 0.85 | 1.67 | 0.98 | 1.69 | 0.82 | 1.31 |
2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | Average Annual Sales for 2013–2017 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Actual total sales of all cancer drugs 1 ($: thousand) | $792,270 | $844,509 | $973,498 | $1,093,892 | $1,192,540 | $979,342 |
Actual sales of 34 study drugs ($: thousand) | $84,572 | $110,190 | $162,546 | $224,399 | $257,275 | $167,424 |
Budget Impact for One Year | ||||||
Based on the Average Price Among A7 | ||||||
Sales value in 2017 ($127,687,000) | ||||||
% of total cancer drug sales | 16.12% | 15.12% | 13.12% | 11.67% | 10.71% | 13.04% |
Based on the Lowest Price Among A7 | ||||||
Sales value in 2017 ($8,134,000) | ||||||
% of total cancer drug sales | 1.03% | 0.96% | 0.84% | 0.74% | 0.68% | 0.83% |
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Jung, J.H.; Kim, D.J.; Suh, K.; You, J.; Lee, J.H.; Joung, K.I.; Suh, D.C. International Price Comparisons of Anticancer Drugs: A Scheme for Improving Patient Accessibility. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 670. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020670
Jung JH, Kim DJ, Suh K, You J, Lee JH, Joung KI, Suh DC. International Price Comparisons of Anticancer Drugs: A Scheme for Improving Patient Accessibility. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(2):670. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020670
Chicago/Turabian StyleJung, Jae Ho, Dae Jung Kim, Kangho Suh, Jaeeun You, Je Ho Lee, Kyung In Joung, and Dong Churl Suh. 2021. "International Price Comparisons of Anticancer Drugs: A Scheme for Improving Patient Accessibility" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 2: 670. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020670