Long-Term Water Quality Patterns in an Estuarine Reservoir and the Functional Changes in Relations of Trophic State Variables Depending on the Construction of Serial Weirs in Upstream Reaches
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area and Sites
2.2. Long-Term Time Series Data
2.3. Trophic State Index Deviation and Non-Algal Turbidity
2.4. Statistical Approaches
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Seasonal Heterogeneities of Water Quality Parameters on the Longitudinal Zones in the Reservoir
3.2. Influences of Nutrients, Non-Algal Turbidity, and Total Suspended Solids on the Reservoir Water Clarity and Algal Biomass
3.3. Impact of Serial Weir Constructions on the Nutrient Regimes, CHL-a, and TSID within the Estuarine Reservoir, along with Monsoonal Rainfall Intensity
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameter | PC 1 | PC 2 | PC 3 | PC 4 |
---|---|---|---|---|
WT | −0.73 | 0.06 | −0.44 | 0.50 |
EC | 0.91 | −0.32 | −0.02 | −0.17 |
TSS | −0.91 | −0.08 | −0.06 | 0.16 |
Kna | −0.93 | −0.07 | −0.08 | −0.22 |
SD | 0.95 | −0.02 | −0.14 | 0.22 |
TN | 0.99 | 0.08 | 0.00 | 0.07 |
TDN | 0.98 | 0.11 | −0.02 | 0.10 |
NH4-N | 0.92 | 0.20 | 0.01 | 0.09 |
NO3-N | 0.98 | 0.01 | −0.09 | −0.05 |
TP | −0.17 | 0.64 | 0.72 | −0.08 |
TDP | 0.11 | 0.98 | 0.09 | −0.13 |
PP | −0.46 | −0.33 | 0.79 | 0.14 |
PO4-P | −0.23 | 0.87 | 0.11 | −0.09 |
PP:TP | −0.43 | −0.64 | 0.57 | 0.19 |
TN:TP | 0.97 | −0.10 | −0.07 | 0.14 |
FCB | −0.81 | 0.25 | −0.27 | −0.29 |
CHL-a | 0.30 | 0.31 | 0.66 | 0.40 |
PREC | −0.49 | 0.42 | −0.37 | 0.65 |
Eigenvalue | 10.12 | 3.17 | 2.36 | 1.21 |
% variance | 56.21 | 17.60 | 13.09 | 6.73 |
Category | Parameter | Mean | ANOVA on Ranks | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
BWCs | AWCs | H Value | p-Value | ||
Nutrient | TN (mg/L) | 3.8 | 3.2 | 18.48 | * |
TP (µg/L) | 125 | 67 | 90.88 | * | |
TDP (µg/L) | 96 | 38 | 92.22 | * | |
PP (µg/L) | 28 | 28 | 0.04 | ||
Ratios of Nutrients | TDP:TP | 0.79 | 0.57 | 39.42 | * |
PP:TP | 0.21 | 0.43 | 39.42 | * | |
TN:TP | 30.3 | 51.9 | 32.06 | * | |
Algal biomass indicator | CHL-a (µg/L) | 7.7 | 12.7 | 18.70 | * |
Ratios of CHL-a and Nutrients | CHL:TP | 0.059 | 0.2 | 63.50 | * |
CHL:TN | 0.002 | 0.003 | 11.90 | * | |
Suspended Solids/inorganic turbidity | TSS (mg/L) | 12.65 | 16.9 | 7.08 | * |
Kna (m−1) | 1.48 | 1.41 | 1.01 |
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Jargal, N.; Lee, H.-S.; An, K.-G. Long-Term Water Quality Patterns in an Estuarine Reservoir and the Functional Changes in Relations of Trophic State Variables Depending on the Construction of Serial Weirs in Upstream Reaches. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 12568. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182312568
Jargal N, Lee H-S, An K-G. Long-Term Water Quality Patterns in an Estuarine Reservoir and the Functional Changes in Relations of Trophic State Variables Depending on the Construction of Serial Weirs in Upstream Reaches. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(23):12568. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182312568
Chicago/Turabian StyleJargal, Namsrai, Ho-Seong Lee, and Kwang-Guk An. 2021. "Long-Term Water Quality Patterns in an Estuarine Reservoir and the Functional Changes in Relations of Trophic State Variables Depending on the Construction of Serial Weirs in Upstream Reaches" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 23: 12568. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182312568