Burnout Determinants among Nurses Working in Palliative Care during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Research Participants
2.2. Study Design
2.3. Instruments Used
2.4. Statistical Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Characteristics | n | % |
---|---|---|
Gender | ||
Male | 20 | 13.1 |
Female | 133 | 86.9 |
Marital Status | ||
Married/Civil union | 101 | 66 |
Divorced/Separated | 28 | 18.3 |
Single | 24 | 15.7 |
Underage children | ||
Yes | 93 | 60.8 |
No | 60 | 39.2 |
Nationality | ||
Portuguese | 152 | 99.3 |
Non-Portuguese | 1 | 0.7 |
Exclusive dedication to PC | ||
Yes | 99 | 64.7 |
No | 54 | 35.3 |
Specialization in PC | ||
No | 34 | 22.2 |
Bachelor’s degree or post-graduation | 64 | 41.8 |
Master’s or PhD degree | 55 | 35.9 |
PC type of unit | ||
HPCT | 55 | 35.9 |
HSPCT | 48 | 31.4 |
PCU (Private) | 21 | 13.7 |
PCU (NHS) | 29 | 19 |
PC affected by COVID-19 | ||
Yes | 135 | 88.2 |
No | 18 | 11.8 |
Allocated to COVID-19 units | ||
Yes | 22 | 14.4 |
No | 131 | 85.6 |
Weekly hours of activity | ||
Less than 20 | 29 | 19 |
Between 20 and 40 | 100 | 65.4 |
More than 40 | 24 | 15.7 |
Self-perceived health status | ||
Very good | 14 | 9.2 |
Good | 103 | 67.3 |
Not good or bad | 30 | 19.6 |
Bad or very bad | 6 | 4 |
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Variables | Personal Burnout | Work-Related Burnout | Patient-Related Burnout |
---|---|---|---|
B [95% CI] | B [95% CI] | B [95% CI] | |
Gender | |||
Male | Ref | Ref | Ref |
Female | 1.04 [−7.29; 9.37] | −6.53 [−15.2; 2.13] + | −18.3 [−27.7; −8.81] *** |
Age (years) | 0.03 [−0.28; 0.35] | −0.06 [−0.39; 0.27] | −0.04 [−0.42; 0.33] |
Marital status | |||
Married/Civil union | Ref | Ref | Ref |
Divorced/Separated | −0.57 [−8.01; 6.88] | −1.62 [−9.4; 6.17] | −2.49 [−11.30; 6.31] |
Single | −0.62 [−8.53; 7.30] | 0.91 [−7.37; 9.19] | 4.57 [−4.78; 13.93] |
Underage children | |||
No | Ref | Ref | Ref |
Yes | −1.37 [−7.12; 4.37] | −3.07 [−9.08; 2.93] | −4.53 [−11.3; 2.27] |
Academic degree | |||
Bachelor | Ref | Ref | Ref |
Master | −1.59 [−7.17; 3.99] | −4.54 [−10.4; 1.31] + | −2.11 [−8.78; 4.57] |
PhD | −28.27 [−52.80; −3.74] * | −22.65 [−48.4; 3.06] + | −25.66 [−55.01; 3.69] + |
Weekly physical exercise | |||
No regular practice | Ref | Ref | Ref |
Less than 75 min | −1.55 [−7.88; 4.78] | −1.39 [−7.99; 5.20] | 0.57 [−6.96; 8.10] |
75 min or more | 0.13 [−7.47; 7.73] | 3.81 [−4.11; 11.73] | 1.78 [−7.25; 10.82] |
Exclusive dedication to PC | |||
No | Ref | Ref | Ref |
Yes | −7.17 [−12.9; −1.41] * | −8.52 [−14.5; −2.52] ** | −8.90 [−15.7; −2.07] * |
Self-perceived health status | |||
Not good nor bad | Ref | Ref | Ref |
Bad or very bad | 17.92 [3.67; 32.16] * | 13.10 [−2.39; 28.58] + | 22.08 [4.46; 39.71] * |
Good | −9.94 [−16.55; −3.33] ** | −9.32 [−16.50; −2.13] * | −5.53 [−13.71; 2.64] + |
Very good | −18.79 [−29.10; −8.48] *** | −15.39 [−26.60; −4.19] ** | −15.52 [−28.27; −2.76] * |
Years of activity in PC | 0.16 [−0.48; 0.79] | −0.08 [−0.75; 0.59] | 0.02 [−0.75; 0.79] |
Specialization in PC | |||
No | Ref | Ref | Ref |
Bachelor’s degree or post-graduation | −7.66 [−14.9; −0.37] * | −11.1 [−18.6; −3.59] ** | −7.10 [−15.8; 1.59] + |
Master’s or PhD degree | −6.58 [−14.1; 0.91] + | −11.5 [−19.2; −3.83] ** | −7.91 [−16.8; 1.02] + |
PC type of unit | |||
HPCT | Ref | Ref | Ref |
HSPCT | 4.79 [−1.79; 11.4] + | 6.60 [−0.27; 13.5] + | 5.27 [−2.63; 13.2] + |
PCU (Private) | 16.76 [8.21; 25.3] *** | 17.65 [8.73; 26.6] *** | 16.82 [6.55; 27.1] ** |
PCU (NHS) | 3.28 [−4.37; 10.9] | 8.26 [0.28; 16.2] * | 9.35 [0.16; 18.5] * |
Weekly hours of activity | |||
Less than 20 | Ref | Ref | Ref |
Between 20 and 40 | −6.84 [−14.04; −0.36] + | −7.17 [−14.69; 0.36] + | −7.76 [−16.32; 0.80] + |
More than 40 | 1.00 [−8.42; 10.42] | 1.71 [−8.14; 11.56] | 1.98 [−9.22; 13.18] |
PC affected by COVID−19 | |||
No | Ref | Ref | Ref |
Yes | 11.1 [2.56; 19.6] * | 9.87 [0.88; 18.9] * | 6.85 [−3.45; 17.2] + |
Allocated to COVID−19 units | |||
No | Ref | Ref | Ref |
Yes | 13.2 [5.48; 20.9] *** | 13.7 [5.66; 21.8] *** | 19.8 [10.8; 28.8] *** |
Variables | Personal Burnout | Work-Related Burnout | Patient-Related Burnout | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Standardized β [95% CI] | η2 | Standardized β [95% CI] | η2 | Standardized β [95% CI] | η2 | |
Gender | ||||||
Male | - | - | Ref | 0.0645 | ||
Female | - | - | −0.767 *** | |||
Self-perceived health status | ||||||
Not good or bad | Ref | 0.1198 | Ref | 0.0716 | Ref | 0.0613 |
Very good | −0.976 *** | −0.794 ** | −0.717 * | |||
Good | −0.529 ** | −0.496 ** | −0.258 | |||
Very bad or bad | 0.780 | 0.381 | 0.695 | |||
Specialization in PC | ||||||
None | Ref | 0.0347 | Ref | 0.0850 | Ref | 0.0315 |
Post-graduation | −0.432 * | −0.615 *** | −0.307 | |||
Master’s or PhD degree | −0.507 * | −0.828 *** | −0.518 * | |||
PC type of unit | ||||||
HPCT | Ref | 0.0706 | Ref | 0.0989 | Ref | 0.0475 |
HSPCT | 0.431 * | 0.600 ** | 0.371 * | |||
PCU (Private) | 0.841 *** | 0.899 *** | 0.617 ** | |||
PCU (NHS) | 0.324 | 0.562 ** | 0.446 * | |||
Allocated to COVID-19 units | ||||||
No | Ref | 0.0228 | Ref | 0.0318 | Ref | 0.0566 |
Yes | 0.452 * | 0.534 * | 0.714 *** | |||
R2 | 0.303 | 0.313 | 0.326 | |||
F | 6.90 *** | 7.23 *** | 6.88 *** |
Variables | Personal Burnout B [95% CI] | Work-Related Burnout B [95% CI] | Patient-Related Burnout B [95% CI] |
---|---|---|---|
Gender | |||
Male | - | - | Ref |
Female | - | - | −15.97 [−24.53; 7.40] *** |
Self-perceived health status | |||
Not good or bad | Ref | Ref | Ref |
Very good | −17.11 [−27.22; −7.00] *** | −14.57 [−25.08; −4.07] ** | −14.94 [−26.78; −3.09] * |
Good | −9.27 [−15.53; −3.01] ** | −9.10 [−15.60; −2.59] ** | −5.36 [−12.70; 1.98] |
Very bad or bad | 13.68 [−0.14; 27.49] | 7.00 [−7.36; 21.36] | 14.46 [−1.74; 30.66] |
Specialization in PC | |||
None | Ref | Ref | Ref |
Post-graduation | −7.56 [−14.04; −1.09] * | −11.24 [−18.00; −4.54] *** | −6.38 [−13.97; 1.20] |
Master’s or PhD degree | −8.88 [−15.93; −1.83] * | −15.20 [−22.53; −7.87] *** | −10.79 [−19.07; −2.51] * |
PC type of unit | |||
HPCT | Ref | Ref | Ref |
HSPCT | 7.55 [1.03; 14.07] * | 11.01 [4.24; 17.79] ** | 7.73 [−0.09; 15.38] * |
PCU (Private) | 14.74 [6.77; 22.72] *** | 16.50 [8.21; 24.78] *** | 12.84 [3.49; 22.19] ** |
PCU (NHS) | 5.68 [−1.29; 12.65] | 10.31 [3.07; 17.55] ** | 9.29 [1.00; 17.59] * |
Allocated to COVID-19 units | |||
No | Ref | Ref | Ref |
Yes | 7.92 [0.68; 15.17] * | 9.80 [2.27; 17.33] * | 14.87 [6.36; 23.38] *** |
R2 | 0.303 | 0.313 | 0.326 |
F | 6.90 *** | 7.23 *** | 6.88 *** |
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Gonçalves, J.V.; Castro, L.; Rêgo, G.; Nunes, R. Burnout Determinants among Nurses Working in Palliative Care during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 3358. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18073358
Gonçalves JV, Castro L, Rêgo G, Nunes R. Burnout Determinants among Nurses Working in Palliative Care during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(7):3358. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18073358
Chicago/Turabian StyleGonçalves, José Vítor, Luísa Castro, Guilhermina Rêgo, and Rui Nunes. 2021. "Burnout Determinants among Nurses Working in Palliative Care during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 7: 3358. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18073358