Effects of a Clinically Indicated Peripheral Intravenous Replacement on Indwelling Time and Complications of Peripheral Intravenous Catheters in Pediatric Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Design and Population
3.1.1. Design
3.1.2. Participant Sample and Setting
3.1.3. Sample Size Calculation
3.1.4. Ethical Consideration
3.1.5. Intervention Program and Data Collection Process
3.2. Outcome Measures
3.2.1. Pediatric Patients
The Infusion Nurses Society Infiltration Scale (INSIS)
The Occlusion Scale (OS)
The Infusion Nurses Society Phlebitis Scale (INSPS)
Demographic and Clinical Characteristics
3.2.2. Family Caregivers
Demographic and Care Characteristics of Family Caregivers
3.3. Statistical Methods
4. Results
4.1. Study Participant Flow
4.2. Pediatric Patients and Disease Characteristics
4.3. Indwelling Time and Rates of Complications Associated with Peripheral Intravenous Catheters (PVCs) at Post-Test between the Two Groups
4.4. Relative Risk, Number Needed to Treat, Relative Risk Reduction, and Absolute Risk Reduction between the Two Groups
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions
6.1. Conclusion
6.2. Clinical Implications
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Compliance with Ethical Standards
References
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Characteristics | EG (n = 140) | CG (n = 143) | χ2/t | p |
---|---|---|---|---|
n(%)/Mean (SE) | n(%)/Mean (SE) | |||
Age | 3.44(0.34) | 4.42(0.36) | 1.939 | 0.053 |
Gender | 1.849 | 0.174 | ||
Male | 68(48.6) | 81(56.6) | ||
Female | 72(51.4) | 62(43.4) | ||
Diagnosis | 10.734 | 0.294 a | ||
Respiratory system | 59(42.2) | 76(53.1) | ||
Cardiovascular System | 0(0) | 1(0.7) | ||
Blood system | 1(0.7) | 1(0.7) | ||
Gastrointestinal system | 24(17.2) | 16(11.2) | ||
Urinary tract system | 34(24.3) | 28(19.6) | ||
Nervous system | 1(0.7) | 3(2.1) | ||
Skin system | 10(7.1) | 3(2.1) | ||
Musculoskeletal system | 1(0.7) | 1(0.7) | ||
Immune system | 2(1.4) | 3(2.1) | ||
Virus infection | 8(5.7) | 11(7.7) | ||
Catheter site | 0.652 | 0.885 | ||
Right forearm or hand | 60(42.9) | 62(43.4) | ||
Left forearm or hand | 64(45.7) | 68(47.5) | ||
Right lower extremity | 10(7.1) | 7(4.9) | ||
Left lower extremity | 6(4.3) | 6(4.2) | ||
Hospital length of stay (LOS) | 6.46(0.23) | 5.88(0.24) |
Characteristics | EG (n = 140) | CG (n = 143) | χ2/t | p |
---|---|---|---|---|
n(%)/Mean (SE) | n(%)/Mean (SE) | |||
Indwelling time of PVCs (hour) | 113.06(2.42) | 65.67(0.88) | −18.447 | 0.001 |
Complication | ||||
Infiltration | 2.193 | 0.139 | ||
No | 125(89.3) | 119(83.2) | ||
Yes | 15(10.7) | 24(16.8) | ||
Occlusion | 0.498 | 0.481 | ||
No | 133(95.0) | 133(93.0) | ||
Yes | 7(5.0) | 10(7.0) | ||
Phlebitis | 3.865 a | 0.050 | ||
Level 0 | 132(94.3) | 141(98.6) | ||
Level 1 | 8(100) | 2(100) | ||
Level 2 | 0(0) | 0(0) | ||
Level 3 | 0(0) | 0(0) | ||
Level 4 | 0(0) | 0(0) |
Characteristics | EG (n = 140) | CG (n = 143) | Odds Ratio | 95%CI |
---|---|---|---|---|
n(%)/Mean (SE) | n(%)/Mean (SE) | |||
Infiltration | 0.595 a | 0.298–1.189 | ||
No | 125(89.3) | 119(83.2) | ||
Yes | 15(10.7) | 24(16.8) | ||
Occlusion | 0.700 a | 0.259–1.894 | ||
No | 133(95.0) | 133(93.0) | ||
Yes | 7(5.0) | 10(7.0) | ||
Phlebitis | 4.273 a | 0.891–20.488 | ||
Level 0 | 132(94.3) | 141(98.6) | ||
Level 1 | 8(100) | 2(100) | ||
Level 2 | 0(0) | 0(0) | ||
Level 3 | 0(0) | 0(0) | ||
Level 4 | 0(0) | 0(0) |
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Lin, S.-W.; Chen, S.-C.; Huang, F.-Y.; Lee, M.-Y.; Chang, C.-C. Effects of a Clinically Indicated Peripheral Intravenous Replacement on Indwelling Time and Complications of Peripheral Intravenous Catheters in Pediatric Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 3795. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18073795
Lin S-W, Chen S-C, Huang F-Y, Lee M-Y, Chang C-C. Effects of a Clinically Indicated Peripheral Intravenous Replacement on Indwelling Time and Complications of Peripheral Intravenous Catheters in Pediatric Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(7):3795. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18073795
Chicago/Turabian StyleLin, Su-Wen, Shu-Ching Chen, Fang-Yi Huang, Ming-Ying Lee, and Chun-Chu Chang. 2021. "Effects of a Clinically Indicated Peripheral Intravenous Replacement on Indwelling Time and Complications of Peripheral Intravenous Catheters in Pediatric Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 7: 3795. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18073795