Increased Compulsivity in Adulthood after Early Adolescence Immune Activation: Preclinical Evidence
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Subjects
2.2. Experimental Design
2.2.1. Lipopolysaccharide Immune Challenge
2.2.2. Exposure to Stress
2.3. Behavioral Assessment
2.3.1. 5-Choice Serial Reaction Time (5-CSRT) Task
2.3.2. Schedule-Induced Polydipsia (SIP) Procedure
2.3.3. Spontaneous Locomotor Activity and Novelty Reactivity
2.4. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. 5-CSRT Task
3.1.1. Acquisition and Baseline Performance
3.1.2. Inhibitory Control Assessment
3.2. Schedule-Induced Polydipsia
3.3. Spontaneous Locomotor Activity
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
SAL/S- | SAL/S | LPS/S- | LPS/S+ | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Latency to Correct | 54.1 ± 4.7 | 57.1 ± 3.8 | 56.4 ± 2.0 | 50.8 ± 2.9 |
Latency to Incorrect | 25.0 ± 5.4 | 24.5 ± 3.1 | 20.8 ± 4.4 | 20.4 ± 4.6 |
Latency to Reward | 72.4 ± 3.6 | 71.8 ± 4.9 | 70.2 ± 3.8 | 79.7 ± 6.1 |
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SAL/S- | SAL/S+ | LPS/S- | LPS/S+ | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Weight 24 h | 98.0 ± 0.87 | 98.16 ± 0.8 | 93.5 ± 1.04 | 92.91 ± 0.87 |
48 h | 105.0 ± 0.7 | 103.75 ± 0.74 | 96.25 ± 3.47 | 102.16 ± 0.73 |
72 h | 104.75 ± 4.88 | 111.0 ± 0.89 | 108.58 ± 1.0 | 110.33 ± 0.89 |
7 d | 148.08 ± 1.12 | 147.75 ± 1.22 | 145.08 ± 1.17 | 145.0 ± 1.09 |
14 d | 211.5 ± 1.43 | 210.08 ± 1.53 | 209.08 ± 1.9 | 207.83 ± 1.61 |
Temperature 24 h | 35.65 ± 0.13 | 36.7 ± 0.11 | 36.48 ± 0.1 | 36.8 ± 0.11 |
48 h | 35.92 ± 0.08 | 36.56 ± 0.09 | 36.54 ± 0.08 | 36.0 ± 0.08 |
72 h | 36.45 ± 0.07 | 36.46 ± 0.09 | 36.72 ± 0.08 | 6.0 ± 0.07 |
Piloerection 24 h | 0.08 ± 0.04 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.16 ± 0.06 | 0.58 ± 0.08 |
48 h | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.25 ± 0.07 | 0.33 ± 0.08 |
72 h | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.08 ± 0.04 | 0.08 ± 0.04 | 0.08 ± 0.04 |
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Mora, S.; Martín-González, E.; Prados-Pardo, Á.; Flores, P.; Moreno, M. Increased Compulsivity in Adulthood after Early Adolescence Immune Activation: Preclinical Evidence. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 4684. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094684
Mora S, Martín-González E, Prados-Pardo Á, Flores P, Moreno M. Increased Compulsivity in Adulthood after Early Adolescence Immune Activation: Preclinical Evidence. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(9):4684. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094684
Chicago/Turabian StyleMora, Santiago, Elena Martín-González, Ángeles Prados-Pardo, Pilar Flores, and Margarita Moreno. 2021. "Increased Compulsivity in Adulthood after Early Adolescence Immune Activation: Preclinical Evidence" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 9: 4684. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094684