Movement Time of Lower Trunk Muscles during Dynamic Postural Control in Response to a Sudden Visual Stimulus during Walking: A Pilot Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Main Variables and Covariates
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Characteristics of Participants
3.2. Differences in Movement Time by Sex and Age
4. Discussion
5. Limitation
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Group | No. | Age (Years) | Height (cm) | Weight (kg) | BMI |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 1 | 27 | 176 | 81 | 26.2 |
2 | 27 | 185 | 82 | 24.0 | |
3 | 25 | 172 | 73 | 24.7 | |
4 | 25 | 182 | 76 | 22.9 | |
5 | 24 | 174 | 72 | 23.8 | |
6 | 24 | 177 | 77 | 24.6 | |
Mean ± SD | 25.3 ± 1.4 | 177.7 ± 4.9 | 76.8 ± 4.1 | 24.35 ± 1.08 | |
2 | 7 | 67 | 171 | 71 | 24.3 |
8 | 61 | 172 | 64 | 21.6 | |
9 | 54 | 176 | 87 | 28.1 | |
10 | 52 | 165 | 63 | 23.1 | |
Mean ± SD | 58.5 ± 6.9 | 171.0 ± 4.6 | 71.3 ± 11.1 | 24.29 ± 2.76 | |
3 | 11 | 29 | 164 | 45 | 16.7 |
12 | 28 | 164 | 64 | 23.8 | |
13 | 27 | 158 | 57 | 22.8 | |
14 | 26 | 165 | 52 | 19.1 | |
15 | 26 | 168 | 57 | 20.2 | |
16 | 25 | 157 | 59 | 23.9 | |
17 | 23 | 170 | 57 | 19.7 | |
18 | 23 | 168 | 56 | 19.8 | |
Mean ± SD | 25.9 ± 2.2 | 164.3 ± 4.7 | 55.9 ± 5.5 | 20.77 ± 2.53 | |
4 | 19 | 68 | 151 | 49 | 21.5 |
20 | 63 | 150 | 45 | 20.0 | |
21 | 61 | 165 | 61 | 22.4 | |
22 | 58 | 165 | 60 | 22.0 | |
23 | 58 | 160 | 52 | 20.3 | |
24 | 57 | 155 | 54 | 22.5 | |
25 | 53 | 156 | 65 | 26.7 | |
26 | 51 | 162 | 70 | 26.7 | |
Mean ± SD | 58.6 ± 5.4 | 158.0 ± 5.9 | 57.0 ± 8.5 | 22.76 ± 2.59 | |
p * | 0.000 | 0.001 | 0.035 |
Group | No. | Erector Spinae | Rectus Abdominis | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Right | Left | Right | Left | ||
1 | 1 | 0.12 | 0.75 | 0.13 | - |
2 | 0.14 | 0.13 | - | - | |
3 | 0.42 | 0.16 | 0.24 | 0.22 | |
4 | 0.32 | 0.93 | - | - | |
5 | 0.99 | 0.12 | 0.35 | 0.49 | |
6 | 1.10 | 0.15 | - | 0.56 | |
2 | 7 | 0.13 | 0.33 | 0.19 | 0.15 |
8 | 0.15 | 0.87 | - | - | |
9 | 0.47 | 0.13 | 0.28 | 0.22 | |
10 | 0.66 | 0.33 | 0.28 | 0.12 | |
3 | 11 | 0.36 | 0.15 | 0.33 | 0.13 |
12 | 0.40 | 0.14 | - | 0.18 | |
13 | 0.21 | 0.53 | - | 0.20 | |
14 | 0.12 | 0.11 | 0.53 | 0.30 | |
15 | 0.11 | 0.13 | - | - | |
16 | 0.14 | 0.25 | 0.20 | - | |
17 | 0.46 | 0.39 | - | - | |
18 | 0.13 | 0.45 | - | - | |
4 | 19 | 0.11 | 0.19 | 0.19 | - |
20 | 0.27 | 0.36 | - | 0.14 | |
21 | 0.14 | 0.11 | 0.29 | 0.18 | |
22 | 0.22 | 0.13 | - | - | |
23 | 0.32 | 0.81 | 0.11 | 0.15 | |
24 | 0.20 | 0.45 | 0.17 | 0.75 | |
25 | 0.35 | 0.11 | - | - | |
26 | 0.24 | 0.33 | - |
p | ||
---|---|---|
Right | Left | |
Group 1 vs. Group 2 | 0.324 | 0.821 |
Group 3 vs. Group 4 | 0.910 | 0.503 |
Group 1 vs. Group 3 | 0.108 | 0.238 |
Group 2 vs. Group 4 | 0.465 | 0.390 |
Group 1 | Group 2 | Group 3 | Group 4 | p | E(η2) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Movement time (s) | ES Rt. | 0.52 ± 0.43 | 0.35 ± 0.26 | 0.24 ± 0.14 | 0.23 ± 0.08 | 0.152 | 0.210 |
ES Lt. | 0.37 ± 0.37 | 0.42 ± 0.32 | 0.27 ± 0.17 | 0.31 ± 0.24 | 0.795 | 0.045 |
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Jung, J.; Kim, K.; Choi, S.; Song, G.; Ryu, Y.; Kim, C.; Lim, C. Movement Time of Lower Trunk Muscles during Dynamic Postural Control in Response to a Sudden Visual Stimulus during Walking: A Pilot Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 5015. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18095015
Jung J, Kim K, Choi S, Song G, Ryu Y, Kim C, Lim C. Movement Time of Lower Trunk Muscles during Dynamic Postural Control in Response to a Sudden Visual Stimulus during Walking: A Pilot Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(9):5015. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18095015
Chicago/Turabian StyleJung, Jaehyun, Kewwan Kim, Sungjae Choi, Gwangyu Song, Young Ryu, Cholhee Kim, and Chaegil Lim. 2021. "Movement Time of Lower Trunk Muscles during Dynamic Postural Control in Response to a Sudden Visual Stimulus during Walking: A Pilot Study" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 9: 5015. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18095015