Job Satisfaction Level of Safety and Health Manager in Construction Industry: Pandemic Period
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Method
2.1. Subject
2.2. Survey Item
2.2.1. General and Work-Related Characteristics
2.2.2. Job Stress
2.2.3. Job Satisfaction
2.3. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. General and Work-Related Characteristics
3.2. Job Stress and Job Satisfaction According to General Characteristics
3.3. Job Stress and Job Satisfaction According to Work-Related Characteristics
3.4. Effect of Job Satisfaction on Job Stress after Controlling Demographic Characteristics
3.5. Effect of Job Stress on Job Satisfaction after Controlling Demographic Characteristics
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Classification | Category | People | % |
---|---|---|---|
Sex | Man | 168 | 74.0 |
Woman | 59 | 26.0 | |
Age | Under 30 | 66 | 29.1 |
30~39 | 71 | 31.3 | |
40~49 | 69 | 30.4 | |
Over 50 | 21 | 9.2 | |
Education | high school | 4 | 1.7 |
College | 39 | 17.2 | |
University | 170 | 74.9 | |
Graduate school | 14 | 6.2 | |
Marriage | Single | 121 | 53.3 |
Married | 97 | 42.7 | |
Divorce/Bereavement/Separate | 9 | 4.0 | |
Qualification | Health manager | 72 | 31.8 |
Safety manager | 154 | 67.8 | |
Etc. | 1 | 0.4 | |
Job title | Manager | 37 | 16.3 |
Middle manager | 98 | 43.2 | |
Worker | 92 | 40.5 | |
Construction career | Less than 5 years | 102 | 44.9 |
5~10 years | 42 | 18.5 | |
10~20 years | 59 | 26.0 | |
More than 20 years | 24 | 10.6 | |
Present career | Less than 5 years | 149 | 65.6 |
5~10 years | 42 | 18.5 | |
10~20 years | 26 | 11.5 | |
More than 20 years | 10 | 4.4 | |
Department | Health and safety | 226 | 99.6 |
General affairs | 0 | 0 | |
Nursing | 0 | 0 | |
Infrastructure | 0 | 0 | |
Etc. | 1 | 0.4 | |
Employment type | Full-time worker | 82 | 36.1 |
Temporary worker | 142 | 62.6 | |
Dispatch labor | 0 | 0 | |
Part-time worker | 0 | 0 | |
Etc. | 3 | 1.3 | |
Average working hours per week | Less than 40 h | 6 | 2.6 |
41~48 h | 52 | 22.9 | |
49~56 h | 145 | 63.9 | |
More than 57 h | 24 | 10.6 | |
Promotion opportunity | Possible | 100 | 44.1 |
Possible, but limited | 95 | 41.8 | |
Impossible | 32 | 14.1 | |
Accident at work | Yes | 28 | 12.3 |
No | 199 | 87.7 | |
Location city | Gyeonggi-do | 92 | 40.6 |
Seoul | 37 | 16.3 | |
Busan | 19 | 8.4 | |
Incheon | 16 | 7.1 | |
Chungcheongnam-do | 15 | 6.6 | |
Sejong | 10 | 4.4 | |
Gyeongsangbuk-do | 10 | 4.4 | |
Jeollanam-do | 8 | 3.5 | |
Chungcheongbuk-do | 6 | 2.6 | |
Daegu | 6 | 2.6 | |
Ulsan | 4 | 1.8 | |
Jeollabuk-do | 3 | 1.3 | |
Gangwon-do | 1 | 0.4 |
Variable | Job Stress | Job Satisfaction | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | Average | Standard Deviation | p-Value | n | Average | Standard Deviation | p-Value | ||
Sex | Man | 168 | 55.87 | 8.655 | 0.671 | 168 | 64.83 | 64.02 | 0.671 |
Woman | 59 | 56.44 | 9.475 | 59 | 64.02 | 11.57 | |||
Age | Under 30 | 66 | 52.98 | 9.405 | 0.011 | 66 | 66.29 | 10.276 | 0.493 |
30~39 | 71 | 57.35 | 8.647 | 71 | 62.96 | 13.52 | |||
40~49 | 69 | 57.01 | 8.522 | 69 | 64.72 | 12.377 | |||
Over 50 | 21 | 57.57 | 6.882 | 21 | 64.62 | 16.033 | |||
Education | high school | 4 | 54.00 | 1.414 | 0.848 | 4 | 67.00 | 4.690 | 0.746 |
College | 39 | 57.00 | 9.884 | 39 | 66.28 | 12.595 | |||
University | 170 | 55.90 | 8.991 | 170 | 64.09 | 12.612 | |||
Graduate school | 14 | 55.29 | 4.697 | 14 | 65.71 | 13.669 | |||
Marriage | Single | 121 | 54.44 | 8.826 | 0.006 | 121 | 65.02 | 11.328 | 0.023 |
Married | 97 | 58.16 | 8.866 | 97 | 63.16 | 13.801 | |||
Divorce/Bereavement/Separate | 9 | 54.11 | 2.619 | 9 | 74.89 | 9.610 |
Variable | Job Stress | Job Satisfaction | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | Average | Standard Deviation | p-Value | n | Average | Standard Deviation | p-Value | ||
Qualification | Health manager | 72 | 57.14 | 10.065 | 0.431 | 72 | 63.18 | 12.205 | 0.503 |
Safety manager | 154 | 55.50 | 8.246 | 154 | 65.29 | 12.732 | |||
Etc. | 1 | 55.00 | 1 | 65.00 | |||||
Job title | Manager | 37 | 59.84 | 7.006 | 0.010 | 37 | 63.57 | 12.620 | 0.819 |
Middle manager | 98 | 55.84 | 7.957 | 98 | 65.09 | 13.284 | |||
Worker | 92 | 54.67 | 10.007 | 92 | 64.53 | 11.806 | |||
Construction career | Less than 5 years | 102 | 53.82 | 9.308 | 0.003 | 102 | 66.01 | 11.118 | 0.327 |
5~10 years | 42 | 57.60 | 8.082 | 42 | 64.10 | 14.262 | |||
10~20 years | 58 | 56.95 | 8.363 | 58 | 64.09 | 12.848 | |||
More than 20 years | 25 | 60.16 | 7.186 | 25 | 61.04 | 14.170 | |||
Present career | Less than 5 years | 149 | 54.95 | 9.596 | 0.015 | 149 | 65.63 | 12.511 | 0.015 |
5~10 years | 42 | 56.33 | 6.835 | 42 | 64.79 | 11.858 | |||
10~20 years | 26 | 59.42 | 5.756 | 26 | 63.12 | 12.599 | |||
More than 20 years | 10 | 61.80 | 7.786 | 10 | 52.70 | 10.884 | |||
Department | Health and safety | 226 | 56.02 | 8.877 | 0.909 | 226 | 64.62 | 12.578 | 0.976 |
General affairs | |||||||||
Nursing | |||||||||
Infrastructure | |||||||||
Etc. | 1 | 1 | |||||||
Employment type | Full-time worker | 82 | 57.74 | 7.817 | 0.007 | 82 | 62.85 | 13.408 | 0.020 |
Temporary worker | 142 | 55.28 | 9.219 | 142 | 65.27 | 11.852 | |||
Dispatch labor | |||||||||
Part-time worker | |||||||||
Etc. | 3 | 43.67 | 2.887 | 3 | 64.62 | 12.550 | |||
Average working hours per week | Less than 40 h | 6 | 54.67 | 3.386 | 0.507 | 6 | 63.83 | 7.111 | 0.468 |
41~48 h | 52 | 54.77 | 8.961 | 52 | 66.37 | 12.803 | |||
49~56 h | 145 | 56.21 | 8.953 | 145 | 63.67 | 12.902 | |||
More than 57 h | 24 | 57.92 | 8.973 | 24 | 66.75 | 10.658 | |||
Promotion opportunity | Possible | 100 | 52.20 | 8.703 | 0.000 | 100 | 69.32 | 11.819 | 0.000 |
Possible, but limited | 95 | 58.72 | 7.548 | 95 | 61.96 | 10.801 | |||
Impossible | 32 | 59.94 | 8.493 | 32 | 57.81 | 14.410 | |||
Accident at work | Yes | 28 | 58.86 | 7.132 | 0.070 | 28 | 63.79 | 14.433 | 0.709 |
No | 199 | 55.62 | 9.017 | 199 | 64.73 | 12.299 | |||
Location city | Gyeonggi-do | 37 | 56.46 | 8.620 | 0.266 | 37 | 64.08 | 11.196 | 0.008 |
Seoul | 92 | 55.93 | 8.183 | 92 | 64.72 | 11.882 | |||
Busan | 16 | 56.75 | 9.406 | 16 | 67.25 | 15.102 | |||
Incheon | 1 | 51.00 | 1 | 78.00 | |||||
Chungcheongnam-do | 15 | 57.07 | 8.614 | 15 | 60.13 | 12.501 | |||
Sejong | 6 | 60.33 | 7.815 | 6 | 60.67 | 7.174 | |||
Gyeongsangbuk-do | 10 | 51.20 | 7.285 | 10 | 73.70 | 7.587 | |||
Jeollanam-do | 19 | 57.47 | 11.630 | 19 | 67.21 | 15.911 | |||
Chungcheongbuk-do | 4 | 47.25 | 7.455 | 4 | 72.75 | 13.124 | |||
Daegu | 6 | 62.00 | 9.879 | 6 | 51.00 | 11.349 | |||
Ulsan | 10 | 58.60 | 8.383 | 10 | 55.30 | 13.573 | |||
Jeollabuk-do | 8 | 49.88 | 9.877 | 8 | 68.38 | 5.208 | |||
Gangwon-do | 3 | 51.33 | 2.082 | 3 | 70.67 | 9.238 |
Variable | Model 1 | Model 2 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
B | SE | β | t(p) | B | SE | β | t(p) | ||
(Constant) | 42.122 | 11.607 | 3.629 *** (0.000) | 84.950 | 9.140 | 9.294 *** (0.000) | |||
Sex | Woman | 1.641 | 1.841 | 0.081 | 0.891 (0.374) | 2.694 | 1.356 | 0.134 | 1.987 * (0.048) |
Age | Under 30 | 5.516 | 3.221 | 0.283 | 1.712 (0.088) | 0.567 | 2.398 | 0.029 | 0.236 (0.813) |
30~39 | 6.954 | 2.967 | 0.365 | 2.344 (0.088) | 2.476 | 2.207 | 0.130 | 1.122 (0.263) | |
40~49 | 4.370 | 2.662 | 0.227 | 1.642 (0.102) | 2.267 | 1.963 | 0.118 | 1.155 (0.250) | |
Education | College | 1.437 | 4.793 | 0.061 | 0.300 (0.765) | 4.750 | 3.532 | 0.203 | 1.345 (0.180) |
University | 0.955 | 4.543 | 0.047 | 0.210 (0.834) | 2.835 | 3.342 | 0.139 | 0.848 (0.397) | |
Graduate school | 0.330 | 5.046 | 0.009 | 0.065 (0.948) | 0.584 | 3.709 | 0.016 | 0.157 (0.875) | |
Marriage | Single | 1.549 | 3.453 | 0.087 | 0.449 (0.654) | −5.562 | 2.596 | −0.314 | −2.143 * (0.033) |
Married | 4.848 | 3.426 | 0.271 | 1.415 (0.159) | −3.680 | 2.601 | −0.206 | −1.415 (0.159) | |
Qualification | Health manager | 1.876 | 1.733 | 0.099 | 1.082 (0.280) | 1.208 | 1.275 | 0.064 | 0.947 (0.345) |
Job title | Middle manager | −0.848 | 2.195 | −0.048 | −0.386 (0.700) | −2.964 | 1.621 | −0.165 | −1.816 (0.071) |
Worker | −0.999 | 2.461 | −0.055 | −0.406 (0.685) | −3.733 | 1.821 | −0.207 | −2.050 * (0.042) | |
Construction career | Less than 5 years | −2.699 | 3.148 | −0.152 | −0.857 (0.392) | −1.947 | 2.314 | −0.110 | −0.841 (0.401) |
5~10 years | 0.298 | 3.302 | 0.013 | 0.090 (0.928) | 0.049 | 2.427 | 0.002 | 0.020 (0.984) | |
10~20 years | −2.738 | 2.828 | −0.135 | −0.968 (0.334) | −2.821 | 2.079 | −0.139 | −1.357 (0.176) | |
Present career | Less than 5 years | −4.931 | 3.456 | −0.265 | −1.427 (0.155) | 3.293 | 2.617 | 0.177 | 1.258 (0.210) |
5~10 years | −4.820 | 3.638 | −0.212 | −1.325 (0.187) | 2.897 | 2.739 | 0.127 | 1.058 (0.291) | |
10~20 years | −1.221 | 3.530 | −0.044 | −0.346 (0.730) | 3.345 | 2.618 | 0.121 | 1.278 (0.203) | |
Department | Health and safety | 5.768 | 8.642 | 0.043 | 0.667 (0.505) | 3.922 | 6.354 | 0.029 | 0.617 (0.538) |
Employment type | Full-time worker | 8.814 | 5.056 | 0.479 | 1.743 (0.083) | −0.616 | 3.785 | −0.034 | −0.163 (0.871) |
Temporary worker | 7.009 | 4.990 | 0.384 | 1.405 (0.162) | −1.350 | 3.723 | −0.074 | −0.362 (0.717) | |
Average working hours per week | 41~48 h | 2.613 | 3.612 | 0.124 | 0.723 (0.470) | 1.334 | 2.657 | 0.063 | 0.502 (0.616) |
49~56 h | 3.090 | 3.453 | 0.168 | 0.895 (0.372) | 1.424 | 2.541 | 0.077 | 0.560 (0.576) | |
More than 57 h | 2.850 | 3.838 | 0.099 | 0.743 (0.459) | 3.409 | 2.821 | 0.119 | 1.208 (0.228) | |
Promotion opportunity | Possible | −9.060 | 2.030 | −0.509 | −4.463 *** (0.000) | −1.372 | 1.604 | −0.077 | −0.855 (0.393) |
Possible, but limited | −3.350 | 1.924 | −0.187 | −1.741 (0.083) | −0.239 | 1.434 | −0.013 | −0.167 (0.868) | |
Accident at work | No | −0.010 | 1.885 | 0.000 | −0.005 (0.996) | −0.982 | 1.387 | −0.037 | −0.708 (0.480) |
Total score of job satisfaction | −0.490 | 0.038 | −0.694 | −13.053 *** (0.000) | |||||
F(p) | 3.065 ** | 11.557 ** | |||||||
R2 | 0.294 | 0.620 | |||||||
adj. R2 | 0.198 | 0.567 |
Variable | Model 1 | Model 2 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
B | SE | β | t(p) | B | SE | β | t(p) | ||
(Constant) | 87.465 | 16.121 | 5.425 *** (0.000) | 127.253 | 12.235 | 10.401 *** (0.000) | |||
Sex | Woman | 2.152 | 2.558 | 0.075 | 0.841 (0.401) | 3.702 | 1.884 | 0.130 | 1.965 (0.051) |
Age | Under 30 | −10.107 | 4.474 | −0.367 | −2.259 * (0.025) | −4.897 | 3.313 | −0.178 | −1.478 (0.141) |
30~39 | −9.144 | 4.121 | −0.339 | −2.219 * (0.028) | −2.576 | 3.070 | −0.095 | −0.839 (0.402) | |
40~49 | −4.295 | 3.697 | −0.158 | −1.162 (0.247) | −0.167 | 2.736 | −0.006 | −0.061 (0.951) | |
Education | College | 6.767 | 6.658 | 0.204 | 1.016 (0.311) | 8.124 | 4.894 | 0.245 | 1.660 (0.099) |
University | 3.838 | 6.310 | 0.133 | 0.608 (0.544) | 4.741 | 4.638 | 0.164 | 1.022 (0.308) | |
Graduate school | 0.519 | 7.009 | 0.010 | 0.074 (0.941) | 0.831 | 5.152 | 0.016 | 0.161 (0.872) | |
Marriage | Single | −14.522 | 4.796 | −0.579 | −3.028 ** (0.003) | −13.059 | 3.527 | −0.520 | −3.703 *** (0.000) |
Married | −17.415 | 4.758 | −0.688 | −3.660 *** (0.000) | −12.836 | 3.515 | −0.507 | −3.652 *** (0.000) | |
Qualification | Health manager | −1.364 | 2.407 | −0.051 | −0.567 (0.571) | 0.407 | 1.774 | 0.015 | 0.230 (0.819) |
Job title | Middle manager | −4.283 | 3.049 | −0.169 | −1.405 (0.162) | −5.084 | 2.242 | −0.201 | −2.268 (0.024) |
Worker | −5.583 | 3.418 | −0.219 | −1.634 (0.104) | −6.527 | 2.513 | −0.256 | −2.597 ** (0.010) | |
Construction career | Less than 5 years | 1.536 | 4.372 | 0.061 | 0.351 (0.726) | −1.013 | 3.219 | −0.040 | −0.315 (0.753) |
5~10 years | −0.507 | 4.587 | −0.016 | −0.111 (0.912) | −0.226 | 3.371 | −0.007 | −0.067 (0.947) | |
10~20 years | −0.171 | 3.928 | −0.006 | −0.044 (0.965) | −2.757 | 2.894 | −0.096 | −0.953 (0.342) | |
Present career | Less than 5 years | 16.796 | 4.800 | 0.637 | 3.499 *** (0.001) | 12.138 | 3.546 | 0.460 | 3.423 *** (0.001) |
5~10 years | 15.759 | 5.053 | 0.489 | 3.119 ** (0.002) | 11.207 | 3.730 | 0.348 | 3.004 ** (0.003) | |
10~20 years | 9.325 | 4.903 | 0.237 | 1.902 (0.059) | 8.172 | 3.604 | 0.208 | 2.267 * (0.024) | |
Department | Health and safety | −3.771 | 12.004 | −0.020 | −0.314 (0.754) | 1.677 | 8.832 | 0.009 | 0.190 (0.850) |
Employment type | Full-time worker | −19.260 | 7.022 | −0.739 | −2.743 ** (0.007) | −10.934 | 5.200 | −0.419 | −2.103 * (0.037) |
Temporary worker | −17.071 | 6.931 | −0.660 | −2.463 * (0.015) | −10.450 | 5.119 | −0.404 | −2.041 * (0.043) | |
Average working hours per week | 41~48 h | −2.611 | 5.017 | −0.088 | −0.520 (0.603) | −0.143 | 3.692 | −0.005 | −0.039 (0.969) |
49~56 h | −3.403 | 4.796 | −0.131 | −0.709 (0.479) | −0.484 | 3.532 | −0.019 | −0.137 (0.891) | |
More than 57 h | 1.141 | 5.330 | 0.028 | 0.214 (0.831) | 3.833 | 3.923 | 0.094 | 0.977 (0.330) | |
Promotion opportunity | Possible | 15.699 | 2.820 | 0.622 | 5.568 *** (0.000) | 7.142 | 2.174 | 0.283 | 3.286 *** (0.001) |
Possible, but limited | 6.353 | 2.672 | 0.250 | 2.378 * (0.018) | 3.188 | 1.979 | 0.126 | 1.611 (0.109) | |
Accident at work | No | −1.985 | 2.618 | −0.052 | −0.758 (0.449) | −1.994 | 1.924 | 0.052 | −1.037 (0.301) |
Total score of job stress | −0.945 | 0.072 | −0.667 | −13.053 *** (0.000) | |||||
F(p) | 3.491 ** | 12.317 ** | |||||||
R2 | 0.321 | 0.635 | |||||||
adj R2 | 0.229 | 0.584 |
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Choi, W.; Lee, S.-j.; Lee, W.-j.; Beak, E.-m.; Kim, K.-y. Job Satisfaction Level of Safety and Health Manager in Construction Industry: Pandemic Period. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 5858. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19105858
Choi W, Lee S-j, Lee W-j, Beak E-m, Kim K-y. Job Satisfaction Level of Safety and Health Manager in Construction Industry: Pandemic Period. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(10):5858. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19105858
Chicago/Turabian StyleChoi, Won, Sang-joon Lee, Woo-je Lee, Eun-mi Beak, and Ki-youn Kim. 2022. "Job Satisfaction Level of Safety and Health Manager in Construction Industry: Pandemic Period" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 10: 5858. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19105858