A Community-Based Participatory Action Research with Women from Disadvantaged Populations: Strengths and Weaknesses of a Multiple Health Behaviour Change Intervention
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Contextualisation
2.2. Participants and Recruitment
2.3. The ‘Pío Keeps Moving’ Intervention Programme
2.3.1. Physical Activity Sessions
2.3.2. Healthy Eating Sessions
2.4. Data Collection
2.5. Data Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Strengths of the Intervention Programme
“Well, you’ve been very patient with us and you’ve been there for us. For example, you’ve not been discouraged when only a few people came; you have carried on and [told us], come on! Don’t worry, come on! You’ve fought”.(Participant 5)
“…You’ve woken up the gymnasts we had inside, because if it were up to us, we restrict ourselves a lot”.(Participant 7)
“For me, PA has been very enjoyable”.(Participant 8)
“It’s given me more confidence in myself, and then, of course, the affection and companionship that we have established”.(Participant 1)
“The variety of activities we’ve done. Because, as I’ve said before, if it’s always the same, it’s boring; the time comes when you get bored. But, this year, there’ve been more activities than last year”.(Participant 1)
“Me, for example, well it’s the group that’s been formed; do you know what I mean? The friendship that’s been formed. That’s been great”.(Participant 2)
3.2. Weaknesses of the Intervention Programme
“The fact that they’ve not attended the last few days, and I didn’t know [they hadn’t come]. Everything else has been fine”.(Participant 7)
“That the group has disappeared”.(Participant 1)
“The schedule, because, for example, when I sorted things out to be able to come at midday, it wasn’t possible, because it was held in the mornings. And then, it couldn’t be changed because of those who came in the mornings; but of course, they’re not going to change just for me, for one person. The rest was OK (…) The schedule”.(Participant 5)
“More negative points… I don’t know… the schedule… I don’t know”.(Participant 7)
4. Practical Implications for Future Interventions in Disadvantaged Populations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Informed Consent Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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ID | Age | Marital Status | Ethnic Group | Employment Contract |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 42 | Married | Non-Roma | Short-term contract |
2 | 32 | Married | Roma | Unemployment |
3 | 36 | Widow | Roma | Short-term contract |
4 | 58 | Divorced | Non-Roma | Short-term contract |
5 | 44 | Widow | Roma | Unemployment |
6 | 38 | Married | Roma | Short-term contract |
7 | 39 | Married | Roma | Unemployment |
8 | 31 | Married | Non-Roma | Short-term contract |
9 | 29 | Married | Non-Roma | Short-term contract |
10 | 40 | Married | Roma | Unemployment |
11 | 28 | Married | Roma | Unemployment |
Practical Sessions | Cognitive Sessions | Awareness Actions | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Behaviours | Academic Year | Group-Based Sessions | Family Sessions | ||
PA | 2016–2017 |
|
| The main topics of the sessions were:
| Four personalised notebooks with the following topics:
|
2017–2018 |
|
|
| ||
HEALTHY EATING | 2016–2017 |
|
| Four personalised notebooks with the following topics:
| |
2017–2018 |
|
| |||
FINAL SESSIONS | 2017–2018(4) | Aim of ending sessions: to close the program and remove consciousness to promote sustainability of the behavioural change First session (4): Projection of a video with a set of the interventions’ photos: questions about the video (4)
|
Strategies’ Topic | Relatedness-Supportive Strategies |
---|---|
‘Pío keeps moving’ decisions | Decisions about the organisational-intervention programme were discussed in groups. For example, the types of activities, timetables, and frequency of the sessions. |
Sizes of groups | Continuous change in the size of groups carried out in the different PA sessions. For example, different couples. |
Cooperative games | Teamwork and dynamic activities aimed to obtain an agreed solution. |
Environment | Participants chose a friendly and comfortable environment to perform the activities in. |
Mood’s PA professional | The PA professional was a trusted person, who was empathetic and patient throughout the intervention. |
Funny meetings | Having dinner at the end of the first year; healthy snacks or coffee meetings to talk about the programme and share the participants’ experiences. |
Social networking | Creating a WhatsApp group and Facebook profile for participants to keep in touch, and using it to remind participants about the timetables and meeting to perform PA. The motivational videos and positive feedback were provided by the Facebook profile. |
Competence-supportive strategies | |
Initial information | Participants were informed about the activities at the beginning of the sessions by the PA professional. |
Variety of material and places | Participants tried out different type of new materials (e.g., elastic bands, bosus, TRX, fitballs, medicine balls) and places during the intervention (e.g., fitness centre, indoor sports centre facilities, swimming pool). |
Variety of activities | A variety of group activities. For example, walking in groups around the city, familiar activities on the weekend, dancing in groups, circuits of muscle-building and toning exercises. |
Adapted activities | PA professional offered the intensity and frequency levels in each activity depending on the subject. In addition, the trainer/staff designed activities for people who had suffered some type of injury. |
Number of activities | Whenever possible, two or more different exercises were carried out in each PA session, and a vast body of opportunities were offered to achieve success. |
Improvement feedback | Several strategies were implemented as follows:
|
Motivational videos | Recording videos during the sessions (e.g., dances). From them, participants could analyse themselves and show them and compare their improvement. |
Goals | Several strategies were implemented as follows:
|
Autonomy-supportive strategies | |
Making decisions | Several strategies were implemented as follows:
|
PA events | Participants were encouraged to participate in PA events (e.g., popular walking) carried out in the city of Huesca (Spain) throughout the intervention. |
Autonomous PA | Participants were encouraged and empowered to participate in autonomous PA. PA professional provided information related to friendly environments in the city to perform PA, material (e.g., PA notebook), City Hall’s activities with reduced prices (e.g., relaxation, gymnastics maintenance). |
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Sanz-Remacha, M.; Aibar, A.; Abós, Á.; Generelo-Lanaspa, E.; García-González, L. A Community-Based Participatory Action Research with Women from Disadvantaged Populations: Strengths and Weaknesses of a Multiple Health Behaviour Change Intervention. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 6830. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19116830
Sanz-Remacha M, Aibar A, Abós Á, Generelo-Lanaspa E, García-González L. A Community-Based Participatory Action Research with Women from Disadvantaged Populations: Strengths and Weaknesses of a Multiple Health Behaviour Change Intervention. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(11):6830. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19116830
Chicago/Turabian StyleSanz-Remacha, María, Alberto Aibar, Ángel Abós, Eduardo Generelo-Lanaspa, and Luis García-González. 2022. "A Community-Based Participatory Action Research with Women from Disadvantaged Populations: Strengths and Weaknesses of a Multiple Health Behaviour Change Intervention" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 11: 6830. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19116830
APA StyleSanz-Remacha, M., Aibar, A., Abós, Á., Generelo-Lanaspa, E., & García-González, L. (2022). A Community-Based Participatory Action Research with Women from Disadvantaged Populations: Strengths and Weaknesses of a Multiple Health Behaviour Change Intervention. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(11), 6830. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19116830