Exploring Environmental Health Inequalities: A Scientometric Analysis of Global Research Trends (1970–2020)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Data Retrieval
2.2. Analysis and Visualization
3. Results
3.1. Evolution of Publication Activity
3.2. Publication Distribution: Countries and Institutions
3.3. Research Trends: Co-Citation Analysis
3.4. Knowledge Domain: Keyword Analysis
3.4.1. Cluster 1 (Green): Environmental Hazards and Benefits
3.4.2. Cluster 2 (Blue): Social Vulnerability
3.4.3. Cluster 3 (Red): Health Disparities
3.5. The Pathway and Framework of Environmental Health Inequality
3.5.1. Driver and Pressure
3.5.2. State: Environmental Hazards and Benefits, Contextual Social Vulnerability
3.5.3. Exposure: Exposure and Access
3.5.4. Effect: Health Outcome Disparities
4. Discussion
4.1. An Overview of EHI Research Status
4.2. The Global Research Trends and Knowledge Domains of EHI
4.3. Perspectives on Potential Mechanisms of EHI
4.4. Strengths and Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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1970–2000 | 2001–2010 | 2011–2020 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Country | Number of Publications | Country | Number of Publications | Country | Number of Publications |
United States of America | 192 | United States of America | 1327 | United States of America | 5478 |
United Kingdom | 87 | United Kingdom | 368 | United Kingdom | 2466 |
Canada | 31 | Canada | 236 | Canada | 828 |
Australia | 12 | Australia | 138 | Australia | 731 |
Sweden | 11 | Netherlands | 73 | People’s Republic of China | 527 |
Netherlands | 10 | Sweden | 63 | Netherlands | 279 |
South Africa | 9 | Germany | 49 | Germany | 251 |
France | 6 | France | 41 | France | 248 |
Brazil | 5 | New Zealand | 38 | Spain | 243 |
Denmark | 5 | Spain | 38 | Brazil | 235 |
Main Topic and Subtopic | Number of Publications | % |
---|---|---|
Environmental Hazards and Benefits | 3039 | 24.7 |
air pollution | 894 | 7.3 |
built environment | 617 | 5.0 |
green space | 380 | 3.1 |
climate change | 380 | 3.1 |
water | 175 | 1.4 |
transportation | 174 | 1.4 |
waste | 78 | 0.6 |
housing | 68 | 0.6 |
natural environment | 65 | 0.5 |
noise | 64 | 0.5 |
biodiversity | 61 | 0.5 |
heat | 58 | 0.5 |
land-use | 25 | 0.2 |
Social Context | 1787 | 14.5 |
social capital | 837 | 6.8 |
healthcare | 208 | 1.7 |
Participation | 198 | 1.6 |
residential segregation | 193 | 1.6 |
crime | 185 | 1.5 |
violence | 122 | 1.0 |
food environment | 91 | 0.7 |
psychosocial environment | 51 | 0.4 |
Individual vulnerability | 7313 | 59.4 |
socioeconomic status | 1218 | 9.9 |
income | 828 | 6.7 |
race | 825 | 6.7 |
gender | 448 | 3.6 |
education | 380 | 3.1 |
ethnicity | 276 | 2.2 |
age | 193 | 1.6 |
minority | 155 | 1.3 |
immigration | 142 | 1.2 |
employment | 105 | 0.9 |
deprivation | 88 | 0.7 |
occupation | 62 | 0.5 |
behaviors | 423 | 3.4 |
lifestyle | 399 | 3.2 |
genetics | 214 | 1.7 |
stress | 192 | 1.6 |
nutrition | 161 | 1.3 |
diet | 158 | 1.3 |
availability | 221 | 1.8 |
mobility | 68 | 0.6 |
Health outcome | 4669 | 37.9 |
mortality | 1238 | 10.0 |
obesity | 836 | 6.8 |
mental health | 648 | 5.3 |
asthma | 281 | 2.3 |
self-rated health | 267 | 2.2 |
cancer | 194 | 1.6 |
hiv | 190 | 1.5 |
cardiovascular-disease | 188 | 1.5 |
pregnancy | 171 | 1.4 |
blood-pressure | 162 | 1.3 |
infant-mortality | 113 | 0.9 |
birth | 113 | 0.9 |
breast cancer | 88 | 0.7 |
chronic disease | 61 | 0.5 |
injury | 61 | 0.5 |
psychological distress | 58 | 0.5 |
Actions | 1073 | 8.7 |
interventions | 437 | 3.5 |
risk assessment | 144 | 1.2 |
health policy | 100 | 0.8 |
urban planning | 67 | 0.5 |
Index | 58 | 0.5 |
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Zhuang, S.; Bolte, G.; Lakes, T. Exploring Environmental Health Inequalities: A Scientometric Analysis of Global Research Trends (1970–2020). Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 7394. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19127394
Zhuang S, Bolte G, Lakes T. Exploring Environmental Health Inequalities: A Scientometric Analysis of Global Research Trends (1970–2020). International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(12):7394. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19127394
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhuang, Sida, Gabriele Bolte, and Tobia Lakes. 2022. "Exploring Environmental Health Inequalities: A Scientometric Analysis of Global Research Trends (1970–2020)" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 12: 7394. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19127394