The Effectiveness of Multicomponent Intervention on Daily Functioning among the Community-Dwelling Elderly: A Systematic Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Search Strategy
2.3. Selection Criteria
- Population: community-dwelling elderly without cognitive impairment
- Intervention: Multicomponent intervention
- Comparison: received usual care or different care interventions
- Outcome: ADL (activities of daily living), IADL (instrumental activities of daily living)
- Study design: Randomized controlled trials (RCT).
2.4. Study Selection
2.5. Assessing Risk of Bias
2.6. Data Abstraction and Quality Appraisal
2.7. Synthesis
2.8. Ethical Consideration
3. Results
3.1. Study Characteristics
3.2. Risk of Bias
3.3. Intervention Characteristics
3.4. The Effectiveness of Multicomponent Interventions
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
- United Nations (UN). World Population Prospects: The 2019 Revision. Available online: https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Standard/Population/ (accessed on 1 October 2021).
- Cohen, R.A.; Marsiske, M.M.; Smith, G.E. Chapter 10-Neuropsychology of aging. In Handbook of Clinical Neurology; Elsevier: Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 2019; Volume 167, pp. 149–180. [Google Scholar]
- Ma, L.; Sun, F.; Tang, Z. Social Frailty Is Associated with Physical Functioning, Cognition, and Depression, and Predicts Mortality. J. Nutr. Health Aging 2018, 22, 989–995. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Panza, F.; Lozupone, M.; Solfrizzi, V.; Sardone, R.; Dibello, V.; Di Lena, L.; D’Urso, F.; Stallone, R.; Petruzzi, M.; Giannelli, G.; et al. Different Cognitive Frailty Models and Health- and Cognitive-related Outcomes in Older Age: From Epidemiology to Prevention. J. Alzheimers Dis. 2018, 62, 993–1012. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Marroig, A.; Machado, M.; Muniz-Terrera, G. Dependency Change with Aging and Associated Factors in Uruguay: A Cohort Study. J. Aging Health 2021, 33, 886–895. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Edjolo, A.; Dartigues, J.F.; Pérès, K.; Proust-Lima, C. Heterogeneous Long-Term Trajectories of Dependency in Older Adults: The PAQUID Cohort, a Population-Based Study over 22 years. J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. 2020, 75, 2396–2403. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kurjak, A.; Jakovljevic, M.; Masic, I.; Stanojevic, M. Healthy Aging in the Time of Corona Pandemic. Med. Arch. 2021, 75, 4–10. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Waldman-Levi, A.; Bar-Haim Erez, A.; Katz, N.; Stancanelli, J.M. Emotional Functioning and Sense of Hope as Contributors to Healthy Aging. OTJR Occup. Particip. Health 2020, 40, 253–260. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Katz, S.; Ford, A.B.; Moskowitz, R.W.; Jackson, B.A.; Jaffe, M.W. Studies of illness in the aged: The index of ADL: A standardized measure of biological and psychosocial function. JAMA 1963, 185, 914–919. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lawton, M.P.; Brody, E.M. Assessment of older people: Self-maintaining and instrumental activities of daily living. Gerontol. 1969, 9 Pt 1, 179–186. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bezdicek, O.; Červenková, M.; Georgi, H.; Schmand, B.; Hladká, A.; Rulseh, A.; Kopeček, M. Long-term cognitive trajectory and activities of daily living in healthy aging. Clin. Neuropsychol. 2021, 35, 1381–1397. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Özbe, D.; Graessel, E.; Donath, C.; Pendergrass, A. Immediate Intervention Effects of Standardized Multicomponent Group Interventions on People with Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review. J. Alzheimers Dis. 2019, 67, 653–670. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Jadczak, A.D.; Makwana, N.; Luscombe-Marsh, N.; Visvanathan, R.; Schultz, T.J. Effectiveness of exercise interventions on physical function in community-dwelling frail older people: An umbrella review of systematic reviews. JBI Database Syst. Rev. Implement. Rep. 2018, 16, 752–775. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Kulmala, J.; Ngandu, T.; Havulinna, S.; Levälahti, E.; Lehtisalo, J.; Solomon, A.; Antikainen, R.; Laatikainen, T.; Pippola, P.; Peltonen, M.; et al. The Effect of Multidomain Lifestyle Intervention on Daily Functioning in Older People. J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 2019, 67, 1138–1144. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Park, C.M.; Oh, G.; Lee, H.; Jung, H.W.; Lee, E.; Jang, I.Y.; Kim, D.H. Multicomponent Intervention and Long-Term Disability in Older Adults: A Nonrandomized Prospective Study. J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 2021, 69, 669–677. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Thomas, J.; Kneale, D.; McKenzie, J.E.; Brennan, S.E.; Bhaumik, S. Determining the scope of the review and the questions it will address. In Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions; Wiley: Hoboken, NJ, USA, 2019; pp. 13–31. [Google Scholar]
- Higgins, J.P.T.; Altman, D.G.; Gøtzsche, P.C.; Jüni, P.; Moher, D.; Oxman, A.D.; Savović, J.; Schulz, K.F.; Weeks, L.; Sterne, J.A.C. The Cochrane Collaboration’s tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ Brit. Med. J. 2011, 343, 22–893. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Gitlin, L.N.; Winter, L.; Dennis, M.P.; Corcoran, M.; Schinfeld, S.; Hauck, W.W. A Randomized Trial of a Multicomponent Home Intervention to Reduce Functional Difficulties in Older Adults: Multicomponent Home Intervention To Reduce Functional Difficulties. J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. (JAGS) 2006, 54, 809–816. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Szanton, S.L.; Thorpe, R.J.; Boyd, C.; Tanner, E.K.; Leff, B.; Agree, E.; Xue, Q.-L.; Allen, J.K.; Seplaki, C.L.; Weiss, C.O.; et al. Community Aging in Place, Advancing Better Living for Elders: A Bio-Behavioral-Environmental Intervention to Improve Function and Health-Related Quality of Life in Disabled Older Adults. J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 2011, 59, 2314–2320. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Jing, L.; Jin, Y.; Zhang, X.; Wang, F.; Song, Y.; Xing, F. The effect of Baduanjin qigong combined with CBT on physical fitness and psychological health of elderly housebound. Medicine 2018, 97, e13654. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Farzin, A.; Ibrahim, R.; Madon, Z.; Basri, H. The Efficiency of a Multicomponent Training for Prospective Memory Among Healthy Older Adults: A Single-Blind, Randomized Controlled Within-Participants Cross-Over Trial. Am. J. Phys. Med. Rehab. 2018, 97, 628–635. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Van Lieshout, M.R.J.; Bleijenberg, N.; Schuurmans, M.J.; de Wit, N.J. The Effectiveness of a Proactive Multicomponent Intervention Program on Disability in Independently Living Older People: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J. Nutr. Health Aging 2018, 22, 1051–1059. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Srisuwan, P.; Nakawiro, D.; Chansirikarnjana, S.; Kuha, O.; Chaikongthong, P.; Suwannagoot, T. Effects of a Group-Based 8-Week Multicomponent Cognitive Training on Cognition, Mood and Activities of Daily Living among Healthy Older Adults: A One-Year Follow-Up of a Randomized Controlled Trial. JPAD J. Prev. Alzheim. 2020, 7, 112–121. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Daniels, R.; van Rossum, E.; de Witte, L.; Kempen, G.I.J.M.; van den Heuvel, W. Interventions to prevent disability in frail community-dwelling elderly: A systematic review. BMC Health Serv. Res. 2008, 8, 278. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Tabak, R.G.; Khoong, E.C.; Chambers, D.A.; Brownson, R.C. Bridging research and practice: Models for dissemination and implementation research. Am. J. Prev. Med. 2012, 43, 337–350. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Varpio, L.; Paradis, E.; Uijtdehaage, S.; Young, M. The Distinctions Between Theory, Theoretical Framework, and Conceptual Framework. Acad. Med. 2020, 95, 989–994. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Gorina, M.; Limonero, J.T.; Álvarez, M. Effectiveness of primary healthcare educational interventions undertaken by nurses to improve chronic disease management in patients with diabetes mellitus, hypertension and hypercholesterolemia: A systematic review. Int. J. Nurs. Stud. 2018, 86, 139–150. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Mulligan, H.; Wilkinson, A.; Chen, D.; Nijhof, C.; Kwan, N.; Lindup, A.; Dalton, S. Components of community rehabilitation programme for adults with chronic conditions: A systematic review. Int. J. Nurs. Stud. 2019, 97, 114–129. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Souza, A.C.; Alexandre, N.M.C.; Guirardello, E.B. Psychometric properties in instruments evaluation of reliability and validity. Epidemiol. Serv. Saude 2017, 26, 649–659. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Liu, C.-J.; Chang, W.-P.; Chang, M.C. Occupational therapy interventions to improve activities of daily living for community-dwelling older adults: A systematic review. Am. J. Occup. Ther. 2018, 72, 7204190060p1–7204190060p11. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Cunningham, C.; O’Sullivan, R.; Caserotti, P.; Tully, M.A. Consequences of physical inactivity in older adults: A systematic review of reviews and meta-analyses. Scand. J. Med. Sci. Sports 2020, 30, 816–827. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhang, Y.; Zhang, Y.; Du, S.; Wang, Q.; Xia, H.; Sun, R. Exercise interventions for improving physical function, daily living activities and quality of life in community-dwelling frail older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Geriatr. Nurs. 2020, 41, 261–273. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Amaral Gomes, E.S.; Ramsey, K.A.; Rojer, A.G.M.; Reijnierse, E.M.; Maier, A.B. The Association of Objectively Measured Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior with (Instrumental) Activities of Daily Living in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Systematic Review. Clin. Interv. Aging 2021, 16, 1877–1915. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Baldelli, G.; de Santi, M.; de Felice, F.; Brandi, G. Physical activity interventions to improve the quality of life of older adults living in residential care facilities: A systematic review. Geriatr. Nurs. 2021, 42, 806–815. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Feger, D.M.; Willis, S.L.; Thomas, K.R.; Marsiske, M.; Rebok, G.W.; Felix, C.; Gross, A.L. Incident Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Difficulty in Older Adults: Which Comes First? Findings From the Advanced Cognitive Training for Independent and Vital Elderly Study. Front. Neurol. 2020, 11, 550577. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bruderer-Hofstetter, M.; Rausch-Osthoff, A.-K.; Meichtry, A.; Münzer, T.; Niedermann, K. Effective multicomponent interventions in comparison to active control and no interventions on physical capacity, cognitive function and instrumental activities of daily living in elderly people with and without mild impaired cognition–A systematic review and network meta-analysis. Ageing Res. Rev. 2018, 45, 1–14. [Google Scholar]
- McDougall, G.J.; Han, A.; Staggs, V.S.; Johnson, D.K.; McDowd, J.M. Predictors of instrumental activities of daily living in community-dwelling older adults. Arch. Psychiatr. Nurs. 2019, 33, 43–50. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Author | Country of Origin | Study Design | Theoretical Background | Evidence of Sample Size | Sample Characteristics | Measurements | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Intervention Group | Control Group | ||||||
Gitlin et al. [18] | USA | RCT | life span theory | yes | n = 160 age: M ± SD 79.5 ± 6.1 | n = 159 age: M ± SD 78.5 ± 5.7 | ADL difficulty IADL difficulty Fear of falling Confidence performing daily tasks Use of adaptive strategies |
Szanton et al. [19] | USA | RCT | extrinsic and intrinsic theory | no | n = 24 age: M ± SD 79 ± 8.2 | n = 16 age: M ± SD 77 ± 7.1 | ADL difficulty IADL difficulty Health-related quality of life Falls efficacy |
Farzin et al. [21] | Malaysia | RCT | no | yes | n = 13 age: M ± SD 63.7 ± 4.8 | n = 12 age: M ± SD 62.9 ± 4.1 | IADL Depression Anxiety |
Jing et al. [20] | China | RCT | no | no | n = 39 age: M ± SD 74.7 ± 6.1 | A group: n = 40 age: M ± SD 75.1 ± 5.2 B group: n = 39 age: M ± SD 75.3 ± 6.8 | Spirometry ADL dysfunction Health Loneliness Depression |
van Lieshout et al. [22] | Netherland | RCT | theoretical framework of frailty | yes | n = 139 age: M ± SD 73.3 ± 6.7 | n = 142 age: M ± SD 74.7 ± 7.6 | ADL Quality of life IADL Physical fitness (hand grip strength) Functional capacity Walking speed Mobility Depression Loneliness Nutritional status |
Srisuwan et al. [23] | Thailand | RCT | no | no | n = 160 age: M ± SD 79.5 ± 6.1 | n = 159 age: M ± SD 78.5 ± 5.7 | Cognitive function Anxiety Depression IADL |
Author | Random Sequence Generation | Allocation Concealment | Blinding of Participants and Researchers | Blinding of Outcome Assessment | Incomplete Outcome Data | Selective Reporting | Other Bias |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gitlin et al. [18] | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | … |
Szanton et al. [19] | … | … | ↓ | ↑ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ |
Farzin et al. [21] | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ |
Jing et al. [20] | … | … | … | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | … |
van Lieshout et al. [22] | ↓ | ↑ | ↑ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ |
Srisuwan et al. [23] | … | … | ↓ | ↓ | … | ↓ | ↓ |
Author and Year | Intervention Components | Duration of Study | Procedures | Time Points of Measurements | Results |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gitlin et al. [18] | Occupational and Physical Therapy
| 6 months |
| Baseline 6 months (T1) 12 months (T2) | At 6 months, intervention participants had less difficulty with IADLs (p = 0.03) and ADL (p = 0.04) than controls, with largest benefits occurring in bathing (p = 0.02) and toileting (p = 0.049). |
Szanton et al. [19] | CAPABLE (Community Aging in Place, Advancing Better Living for Elders) Occupational Therapy
| 6 months | 10 in-home sessions, each 60 min duration | Baseline 6 months (T1) | The intervention group improved on all outcomes. |
Farzin et al. [21] | Multicomponent Prospective Memory Training Program
| 6 weeks | 1 session per week 2 h per session | Baseline 4-week (T1) 12-week (T2) | Statistically significant improvements in the level of IADL among all participants (p < 0.05). |
Jing et al. [20] | Cognitive–behavioral therapy (CBT) and Baduanjin Qigong
| 6 months | Every 15 days over the first 3 months, totaling 6 times Each visit lasted 1 to 1.5 h | Baseline 3 months (T1) 6 months (T2) | ADL dysfunction was significantly lowered (p < 0.05) in the group receiving joint Baduanjin and CBT intervention at 3 months and 6 months, as compared to the Baduanjin only group or the CBT only group. |
van Lieshout et al. [22] | SPRY (Supporting PRoactive lifestyle) multicomponent interdisciplinary intervention
| 23 weeks |
| Baseline 6 months (T1) 12 months (T2) | After the 12-month follow-up, the ADL score did not change significantly between the two groups. IADL improved significantly after the one-year follow-up (p = 0.04). |
Srisuwan et al. [23] | CT (cognitive training) TEAM-V (training of executive functions, attention, memory, and visuospatial functions) Program
| 8 weeks | Five sessions, with a 2-week interval between each session and 120 min per session | Baseline 6 months (T1) 12 months (T2) | No significant differences were found in neuropsychological and IADL assessment results between two groups at 1 year. |
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. |
© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Kim, M.; Shin, E.; Kim, S.; Sok, S. The Effectiveness of Multicomponent Intervention on Daily Functioning among the Community-Dwelling Elderly: A Systematic Review. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 7483. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19127483
Kim M, Shin E, Kim S, Sok S. The Effectiveness of Multicomponent Intervention on Daily Functioning among the Community-Dwelling Elderly: A Systematic Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(12):7483. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19127483
Chicago/Turabian StyleKim, Myeongshin, Eunyoung Shin, Seyoon Kim, and Sohyune Sok. 2022. "The Effectiveness of Multicomponent Intervention on Daily Functioning among the Community-Dwelling Elderly: A Systematic Review" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 12: 7483. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19127483