Spatiotemporal Analysis of Gastrointestinal Tumor (GI) with Kernel Density Estimation (KDE) Based on Heterogeneous Background
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Overview of the Study Area and Data
2.1. Overview of the Study Area
2.2. Associated Data and Pre-Processing
2.2.1. Data
2.2.2. Data Pre-Processing
- (1)
- Constructing the scope and boundary of the village
- (2)
- Calculating the expected cases in various places in Jianze County
3. Method
3.1. Evaluation of GI Intensity Based on KDE(KDE) with Heterogeneous Background
3.2. Judging the Significance of GI Intensity Based on the Monte Carlo Process
3.3. Exploring the Spatial Stratified Heterogeneity between GI Intensity and Causative Factors of GI Using Geographical Detector
3.4. Exploring the Possible Mechanisms Causing GI Using GTWR
4. Results
4.1. Basic Situation of GI in Jianze County
4.2. GI Hotspot Spatiotemporal Distribution in Jianze County
4.3. Spatial Heterogeneity between Driving Factors and GI Incidence Rates in Jianze County
4.4. Possible Causative Factors of GI in Jianze County Using GTWR
5. Conclusions and Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Male | Female | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age | Cases Number | Population | Crude Case Rate | Age | Cases Number | Population | Crude Case Rate |
0–34 | 56 | 132,002 | 42.42 | 0–44 | 126 | 157,764 | 79.87 |
35–44 | 221 | 50,022 | 441.81 | 45–54 | 183 | 38,891 | 470.55 |
45–54 | 365 | 39,633 | 920.95 | 55–64 | 310 | 29,847 | 1038.63 |
55–64 | 648 | 30,662 | 2113.37 | 65–79 | 435 | 20,262 | 2146.88 |
65–74 | 550 | 15,604 | 3524.74 | ≥80 | 115 | 3547 | 3242.18 |
≥75 | 287 | 6565 | 4371.67 |
Variables | Abbr. | q | p Value |
---|---|---|---|
Distance to water system | X1 | 0.039 | 0.046 |
Distance to county center | X2 | 0.006 | 0.809 |
Distance to town center | X3 | 0.015 | 0.402 |
Distance to national roads | X4 | 0.014 | 0.426 |
Distance to provincial roads | X5 | 0.037 | 0.049 |
Distance to county-level roads | X6 | 0.003 | 0.941 |
Elevation | X7 | 0.024 | 0.181 |
GDP | X8 | 0.022 | 0.332 |
Population | X9 | 0.006 | 0.896 |
Distance to chemical enterprises | X10 | 0.038 | 0.042 |
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Yang, Z.; He, S.; Zhang, H.; Li, M.; Liang, Y. Spatiotemporal Analysis of Gastrointestinal Tumor (GI) with Kernel Density Estimation (KDE) Based on Heterogeneous Background. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 7751. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19137751
Yang Z, He S, Zhang H, Li M, Liang Y. Spatiotemporal Analysis of Gastrointestinal Tumor (GI) with Kernel Density Estimation (KDE) Based on Heterogeneous Background. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(13):7751. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19137751
Chicago/Turabian StyleYang, Zhenjie, Sanwei He, Huiyuan Zhang, Meifang Li, and Yuqing Liang. 2022. "Spatiotemporal Analysis of Gastrointestinal Tumor (GI) with Kernel Density Estimation (KDE) Based on Heterogeneous Background" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 13: 7751. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19137751