The Mental Health of Malaysia’s Northwest Healthcare Workers during the Relaxation of COVID-19 Restrictions and Its Associated Factors
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Setting and Design
2.2. Study Population and Sample Size
2.3. Study Instrument and Data Collection
2.4. Operational Definition
2.5. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Characterictics of Respondent
3.2. Prevalence of DAS
3.3. Factors Associated with DAS
4. Discussion
4.1. Prevalence of DAS
4.2. Factors Associated with DAS
4.2.1. Age
4.2.2. Workplace
4.2.3. Education Level
4.3. Implications and Recommendations
4.4. Strength and Limitation
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | n (%) |
---|---|
Age (Year) ¹ | 36.43 (7.28) |
Gender | |
Male | 250 (25.5) |
Female | 731 (74.5) |
Ethnicity | |
Malay | 909 (92.7) |
Non-Malay | 72 (7.3) |
Religion | |
Islam | 916 (93.4) |
Non-Islam | 65 (6.6) |
Education Level | |
Primary/secondary | 155 (15.8) |
Diploma | 604 (61.6) |
Degree/postgraduate | 222 (22.6) |
Marital Status | |
Married | 812 (82.8) |
Single/divorced/widowed | 169 (17.2) |
Living Arrangement | |
Alone | 50 (5.0) |
Living with others | 932 (95.0) |
Household Income | |
<MYR 3000 | 163 (16.6) |
MYR 3000–7000 | 574 (58.5) |
MYR 7001–14,000 | 207 (21.2) |
>MYR 14,001 | 37 (3.8) |
Type of Workplace | |
Peripheral healthcare service | 642 (65.4) |
Hospital | 339 (34.6) |
Working Station | |
Direct contact clinical | 634 (64.6) |
Direct contact non-clinical | 86 (8.8) |
Non-direct contact | 226 (23.0) |
Laboratory | 35 (3.6) |
Health Worker Category | |
Health professionals | 561 (57.2) |
Health associate professionals | 220 (22.4) |
Personal care workers in health services | 72 (7.3) |
Health management and support personnel | 128 (13.0) |
Medical Comorbidity | |
No | 884 (90.1) |
Yes | 102 (9.9) |
Smoking | |
No | 949 (96.7) |
Yes | 32 (3.3) |
Overweight/Obesity | |
No | 603 (61.5) |
Yes | 378 (38.5) |
Variables | Classification | |
---|---|---|
Normal n (%) | Above Normal n (%) | |
Depression | 899 (91.6) | 82 (8.4) |
Anxiety | 813 (82.9) | 168 (17.1) |
Stress | 918 (93.6) | 63 (6.4) |
Variables | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | p-Value ¹ | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Depression | Anxiety | Stress | ||
Age (Years) | 0.96 (0.93, 0.99) | 0.96 (0.92, 0.997) | 0.015, 0.035 | |
Type of Workplace | ||||
Peripheral healthcare service | 1 | 1 | ||
Hospital | 1.88 (1.19, 2.97) | 1.91 (1.36, 2.68) | 0.007, <0.001 | |
Education Level | ||||
Primary/secondary | 1 | |||
Diploma | 3.97 (0.94, 16.83) | 0.062 | ||
Degree/postgraduate | 8.43 (1.95, 36.37) | 0.004 |
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Nordin, S.; Yaacob, N.A.; Kelak, J.; Ilyas, A.H.; Daud, A. The Mental Health of Malaysia’s Northwest Healthcare Workers during the Relaxation of COVID-19 Restrictions and Its Associated Factors. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 7794. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19137794
Nordin S, Yaacob NA, Kelak J, Ilyas AH, Daud A. The Mental Health of Malaysia’s Northwest Healthcare Workers during the Relaxation of COVID-19 Restrictions and Its Associated Factors. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(13):7794. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19137794
Chicago/Turabian StyleNordin, Syazwan, Nor Azwany Yaacob, Johny Kelak, Ahmad Hazri Ilyas, and Aziah Daud. 2022. "The Mental Health of Malaysia’s Northwest Healthcare Workers during the Relaxation of COVID-19 Restrictions and Its Associated Factors" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 13: 7794. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19137794