Exploring the Relationship between Physical Activities and Health-Related Factors in the Health-Related Quality of Life among People with Disability in Korea
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- HRQoL of people with disabilities has an association with health-related conditions.
- HRQoL of people with disabilities has an association with exercise frequency.
- HRQoL of people with disabilities has an association with amount of exercise.
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Sample and Design
Data Source
3. Measurement Instruments
3.1. Dependent Variable (EQ-5D-5L)
3.2. Independent Variables
3.3. Statistical Analysis
4. Results
4.1. Descriptive Statistics
4.2. Main Results
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | N (Mean) | % (SD) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
Age | 6549 (61.92) | 100 (17.36) | <0.001 |
Gender | <0.001 | ||
Male | 3666 | 55.98 | |
Female | 2883 | 44.02 | |
Disability levels (higher number = lower level of severity) | <0.001 | ||
1 | 370 | 5.78 | |
2 | 840 | 13.13 | |
3 | 1123 | 17.56 | |
4 | 997 | 15.59 | |
5 | 1513 | 23.65 | |
6 | 1554 | 24.29 | |
Income levels | <0.001 | ||
Less than $885 | 1706 | 26.05 | |
More than $885 less than $1769 | 1864 | 28.46 | |
More than $1769 less than $2654 | 1109 | 16.93 | |
More than $2654 less than $3538 | 833 | 12.72 | |
More than $3538 | 1037 | 15.83 | |
Education attainment | <0.001 | ||
Less than elementary | 2883 | 44.15 | |
Middle school | 1051 | 16.09 | |
High School | 1767 | 27.06 | |
Greater than college | 829 | 12.70 | |
Smoking | 6470 (1.71) | 99% (1.06) | <0.001 |
Amount of drinking | 6470 (5.89) | 99% (8.52) | <0.001 |
Working last week | <0.001 | ||
Yes | 2360 | 36.66 | |
No | 4077 | 63.34 | |
Going out independently | <0.001 | ||
Yes | 5590 | 85.36 | |
No | 959 | 14.64 | |
Inconvenience of out-of-home activities | 6286 (2.45) | 96 (0.89) | <0.001 |
Number of chronic diseases | <0.001 | ||
0 | 1286 | 19.64 | |
1 | 1351 | 20.63 | |
2 | 1387 | 21.18 | |
Greater than 3 | 2525 | 38.56 | |
Difficulty in using transportation | 6286 (2.30) | 96 (0.90) | |
Marital status | <0.001 | ||
Yes | 3609 | 56.54 | |
No (widowed, divorced, separated, or single) | 2774 | 43.46 | |
Physical activity frequency | <0.001 | ||
Not currently exercising | 2648 | 40.43 | |
Less than once a month, less than 10 times a year | 41 | 0.63 | |
1–2 times a month | 96 | 1.47 | |
Once a week | 221 | 3.37 | |
Twice a week | 444 | 6.78 | |
3 or more times a week | 942 | 14.38 | |
Almost everyday | 2157 | 32.94 | |
Amount of physical activity (minutes) | 6549 (31.74) | 100 (39.25) | <0.001 |
Total Number of Participants | 6549 |
Dependent Variable | Quality of Life (EQ-5D-5L) | Coe. | 95% CI | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Independent Variables | Age | −0.0004 | −0.0007, −0.0001 | <0.05 | |
Gender (Male) | 0.0067 | −0.0017, 0.0150 | 0.12 | ||
Disability levels | |||||
1 | - | - | - | ||
2 | 0.0695 | 0.0509, 0.0880 | <0.001 | ||
3 | 0.0611 | 0.0428, 0.0793 | <0.001 | ||
4 | 0.0670 | 0.0480, 0.0860 | <0.001 | ||
5 | 0.0723 | 0.0537, 0.0909 | <0.001 | ||
6 | 0.0738 | 0.0552, 0.0925 | <0.001 | ||
Income levels | |||||
Less than $885 | - | - | - | ||
More than $885 less than $1769 | 0.0049 | −0.0043, 0.0142 | 0.30 | ||
More than $1769 less than $2654 | 0.0039 | −0.0070, 0.0148 | 0.49 | ||
More than $2654 less than $3538 | −0.0017 | −0.0139, 0.0105 | 0.79 | ||
More than $3538 | 0032 | −0.0085, 0.0149 | 0.59 | ||
Education attainment | |||||
Less than elementary | - | - | - | ||
Middle school | −0.0180 | −0.0278, −0.0082 | <0.001 | ||
High School | −0.0067 | −0.0161, 0.0026 | 0.16 | ||
Greater than college | −0.0223 | −0.0342, −0.0105 | <0.001 | ||
Smoking | −0.0036 | −0.0072, 0.0001 | 0.06 | ||
Amount of drinking | −0.0002 | −0.0006, 0.0002 | 0.36 | ||
Working last week | 0.0220 | 0.0142, 0.0299 | <0.001 | ||
Going out independently | 0.1205 | 0.1080, 0.1331 | <0.001 | ||
Inconvenience of out-of-home activities | −0.0543 | −0.0597, −0.0491 | <0.001 | ||
Number of chronic diseases | |||||
0 | - | - | - | ||
1 | −0.0231 | −0.0336, −0.0126 | <0.001 | ||
2 | −0.0527 | −0.0636, −0.0418 | <0.001 | ||
Greater than 3 | −0.0797 | −0.0902, −0.0692 | <0.001 | ||
Difficulty in using transportation | −0.0366 | −0.0418, −0.0313 | <0.001 | ||
Marital status | −0.0034 | −0.0107, 0.0040 | 0.37 | ||
Physical activity frequency | |||||
Not currently exercising | - | - | - | ||
Less than once a month, less than 10 times a year | −0.0021 | −0.0438, 0.0396 | 0.92 | ||
1–2 times a month | 0.0176 | −0.0104, 0.0455 | 0.22 | ||
Once a week | 0.0094 | −0.0104, 0.0291 | 0.35 | ||
Twice a week | 0.0218 | 0.0074, 0.0362 | <0.05 | ||
3 or more times a week | 0.0277 | 0.0163, 0.0392 | <0.001 | ||
Almost everyday | 0.0324 | 0.0227, 0.0421 | <0.001 | ||
Amount of physical activity | 0.0001 | −0.0001, 0.0002 | 0.57 | ||
Total number of participants | 6549 |
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Kim, T.; Park, S.-Y.; Oh, I.-H. Exploring the Relationship between Physical Activities and Health-Related Factors in the Health-Related Quality of Life among People with Disability in Korea. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 7839. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19137839
Kim T, Park S-Y, Oh I-H. Exploring the Relationship between Physical Activities and Health-Related Factors in the Health-Related Quality of Life among People with Disability in Korea. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(13):7839. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19137839
Chicago/Turabian StyleKim, Taeeung, So-Youn Park, and In-Hwan Oh. 2022. "Exploring the Relationship between Physical Activities and Health-Related Factors in the Health-Related Quality of Life among People with Disability in Korea" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 13: 7839. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19137839