Properties of the Spanish Version of the Place Standard Tool
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Design and Setting
2.2. Participant Selection and Data Collection
2.3. Measures
2.3.1. Demographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics
2.3.2. Place Assessment
2.4. Data Analysis
2.5. Ethical Review
3. Results
4. Discussion
4.1. Validation of the EdV Tool
4.2. Place Assessment
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Topic | Question |
---|---|
Desplazamiento a pie o en bicicleta | ¿Puedes caminar y/o desplazarte en bicicleta (o en otro medio de transporte no motorizado) fácilmente y por trayectos agradables y seguros por tu barrio o municipio? |
Transporte público | ¿El transporte público responde a las necesidades de todas las personas del barrio o municipio? |
Tráfico y aparcamiento | ¿La regulación del tráfico y de las zonas de aparcamiento es adecuada en tu barrio o municipio? |
Calles y espacios | ¿Están los edificios bien cuidados y las calles y espacios públicos abiertos son agradables y fáciles para transitar por ellos? |
Espacios naturales | ¿Puedes disfrutar en tu barrio o municipio de un espacio natural atractivo, seguro y de fácil acceso? |
Juego y ocio | ¿Se pueden realizar actividades de ocio y esparcimiento en tu barrio o municipio? |
Servicios | ¿Los servicios que tiene tu barrio o municipio satisfacen las necesidades de todas las personas? |
Trabajo y economía local | ¿Hay una economía local activa en el municipio que favorezca el acceso a un buen empleo? |
Vivienda y comunidad | ¿Las viviendas de tu barrio o municipio satisfacen las necesidades de la población? |
Contacto social | ¿Hay oportunidad y variedad suficiente de espacios y actividades para relacionarse con otras personas en tu barrio o municipio? |
Identidad y pertenencia | ¿Tu barrio o municipio tiene una identidad positiva y sientes que perteneces o que puedes pertenecer a él? |
Seguridad | ¿Te sientes segura/o en tu barrio o municipio? |
Cuidado y mantenimiento | ¿Se cuidan adecuadamente los edificios y espacios del barrio o municipio, tanto públicos como privados? |
Influencia y participación | ¿Sientes que puedes participar en la toma de decisiones y ayudar a cambiar las cosas para mejorar tu barrio o municipio? |
References
- Pons-Vigués, M.; Diez, È.; Morrison, J.; Salas-Nicás, S.; Hoffmann, R.; Burstrom, B.; Van Dijk, J.P.; Borrell, C. Social and health policies or interventions to tackle health inequalities in European cities: A scoping review. BMC Public Health 2014, 14, 198. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Diez Roux, A.V.; Mair, C. Neighborhoods and health. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 2010, 1186, 125–145. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Grant, M. European Healthy City Network Phase V: Patterns emerging for healthy urban planning. Health Promot. Int. 2015, 30, i54–i70. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Cannuscio, C.C.; Hillier, A.; Karpyn, A.; Glanz, K. The social dynamics of healthy food shopping and store choice in an urban environment. Soc. Sci. Med. 2014, 122, 13–20. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Mahamoud, A.; Roche, B.; Homer, J. Modelling the social determinants of health and simulating short-term and long-term intervention impacts for the city of Toronto, Canada. Soc. Sci. Med. 2013, 93, 247–255. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Minh, A.; Muhajarine, N.; Janus, M.; Brownell, M.; Guhn, M. A review of neighborhood effects and early child development: How, where, and for whom, do neighborhoods matter? Health Place 2017, 46, 155–174. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hofland, A.C.L.; Devilee, J.; Van Kempen, E.; Den Broeder, L. Resident participation in neighborhood audit tools—A scoping review. Eur. J. Public Health 2018, 28, 23–29. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Nickelson, J.; Wang, A.R.; Mitchell, Q.P.; Hendricks, K.; Paschal, A. Inventory of the physical environment domains and subdomains measured by neighborhood audit tools: A systematic literature review. J. Environ. Psychol. 2013, 36, 179–189. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe. WHO European Healthy Cities Network 2020; Compendium of Tools, Resources and Networks; World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe: Conpenhagen, Denmark, 2020. [Google Scholar]
- NHS Health Scotland. Place Standard Process Evaluation: Learning from Case Studies in Year One; NHS Health Scotland: Edinburgh, Scotland, 2017. [Google Scholar]
- Scottish Government. Place Standard Tool: Strategic Plan 2020–2023; Scottish Government: Edinburgh, UK, 2020. [Google Scholar]
- Ocaña Ortiz, A.; Paredes Carbonell, J.J.; Peiró Pérez, R.; Pérez Sanz, E.; Gea Caballero, V. Participatory evaluation in place-based communities: Adapting and validating the Place Standard tool to Spanish context. Gac. Sanit. 2022, 36, 360–367. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Generalitat Valenciana. Conselleria de Sanitat Universal i Salut Pública; Serie de Guías XarxaSalut nº 1; Generalitat Valenciana: Valencia, CA, USA, 2018. [Google Scholar]
- Generalitat Valenciana. Conselleria de Economia Sostenible, Sectores Productivos, Comercio y Trabajo. 2019. Portal estadístico de la Generalitat Valenciana. Ficha Municipal Dénia Edición 2021. Available online: http://www.pegv.gva.es/auto/scpd/web/FICHAS/Fichas/03063.pdf (accessed on 3 March 2021).
- Sen, A. Why health equity? Health Econ. 2002, 11, 659–666. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Whitehead, M. The concepts and principles of equity and health. Int. J. Health Serv. 1992, 22, 429–445. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Iacobucci, D.; Duhachek, A. Advancing Alpha: Measuring reliability with confidence. J. Consum. Psychol. 2003, 13, 478–487. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Rouquette, A.; Falissard, B. Sample size requirements for the internal validation of psychiatric scales. Int. J. Methods Psychiatr. Res. 2011, 20, 235–249. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- De Yébenes Prous, M.J.; Salvanés, F.R.; Ortells, L.C. Validación de cuestionarios. Reumatol. Clín. 2009, 5, 171–177. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- González Alonso, J.; Pazmiño Santacruz, M. Cálculo e interpretación del Alfa de Cronbach para el caso de validación de la consistencia interna de un cuestionario, con dos posibles escalas tipo Likert. Rev. Publicando 2015, 2, 62–67. Available online: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-423821 (accessed on 21 March 2022).
- López-Aguado, M.; Gutiérrez-Provecho, L. Cómo realizar e interpretar un análisis factorial exploratorio utilizando SPSS. REIRE Rev. D’innovació Recer. Educ. 2019, 12, 1–14. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Van Schalkwyk, M.C.I.; Mindell, J.S. Current issues in the impacts of transport on health. Br. Med. Bull. 2018, 125, 67–77. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Nieuwenhuijsen, M.J. Urban and transport planning, environmental exposures and health-new concepts, methods, and tools to improve health in cities. Environ. Health 2016, 15 (Suppl. 1), 38. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Mueller, N.; Daher, C.; Rojas-Rueda, D.; Delgado, L.; Vicioso, H.; Gascon, M.; Marquet, O.; Vert, C.; Martin, I.; Nieuwenhuijsen, M.J. Integrating health indicators into urban and transport planning: A narrative literature review and participatory process. Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health 2021, 235, 113772. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kepper, M.M.; Mayers, C.A.; Denstel, K.D.; Hunter, R.F.; Guan, W.; Broyles, S.T. The neighborhood social environment and physical activity: A systematic scoping review. Int. J. Behav. Nutr. Phys. Act. 2019, 16, 2–14. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Greene, G.; Fone, D.; Farewell, D.; Rodgers, S.; Paranjothy, S.; Carter, B.; White, J. Improving mental health through neighbourhood regeneration: The role of cohesion, belonging, quality and disorder. Eur. J. Public Health 2020, 30, 964–966. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Heath, G.W.; Parra, D.C.; Sarmiento, O.L.; Andersen, L.B.; Owen, N.; Goenka, S.; Montes, F.; Brownson, R.C. Evidence-based intervention in physical activity: Lessons from around the world. Lancet 2012, 380, 272–281. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Cereijo, L.; Gullon, P.; Del Cura, I.; Valades, D.; Bilal, U.; Badland, H.; Franco, M. Exercise facilities and the prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes in the city of Madrid. Diabetologia 2022, 65, 150–158. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Gravina, L.; Jauregui, A.; Fernandez-Aedo, I.; Diez, J.; Guittelsohn, J.; Colon-Ramos, U.; Franco, M. Residents’ Insights on Their Local Food Environment and Dietary Behaviors: A Cross-City Comparison Using Photovoice in Spain. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 181, 134. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Rivera-Navarro, J.; Bonilla, L.; Gullón, P.; González-Salgado, I.; Franco, M. Can we improve our neighborhoods to be more physically active? Residents’ perceptions from a qualitative urban health inequalities study. Health Place 2021, 27, 102658. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Themes Evaluated with Entornos de Vida |
---|
Walking or Cycling |
Public Transport |
Traffic and Parking |
Streets and Spaces |
Natural Space |
Play and Recreation |
Services |
Work and Local Economy |
Housing and Community |
Social Interaction |
Identity and Belonging |
Feeling Safe |
Care and Maintenance |
Influence and Sense of Control |
Variables | n | % | |
---|---|---|---|
Gender (n = 242) | |||
Female | 152 | 62.81 | |
Male | 89 | 36.78 | |
Other | 1 | 0.41 | |
Age (n = 241) | |||
18 to 35 years | 67 | 27.80 | |
36 to 50 years | 61 | 25–31 | |
51 to 65 years | 71 | 29.46 | |
65 or above | 42 | 17.43 | |
Education Level (n = 242) | |||
Primary school or below | 19 | 7.84 | |
Secondary school uncomplete | 36 | 14.88 | |
Secondary school complete | 86 | 35.54 | |
Tertiary education or above | 101 | 41.74 | |
Employment status (n = 242) | |||
Student | 30 | 12.40 | |
Employed | 119 | 49.17 | |
Unemployed | 25 | 10.33 | |
Unpaid care | 4 | 1.65 | |
Retired | 64 | 26.45 | |
Degree of Disability (n = 242) | |||
33% or below | 226 | 93.39 | |
33% or above | 16 | 6.61 | |
Nationality (n = 217) | |||
Spanish | 179 | 82.49 | |
European Union | 20 | 9.22 | |
Not European Union | 18 | 8.29 | |
Neighborhood (n = 202) | |||
Les Roques | 11 | 5.45 | |
Les Marines | 16 | 7.92 | |
Les Rotes | 9 | 4.46 | |
La Xara | 12 | 5.94 | |
Baix La Mar | 15 | 7.43 | |
Port/Centro | 24 | 11.88 | |
La Faroleta | 9 | 4.46 | |
Saladar | 34 | 16.83 | |
París-Pedrera/Camp Roig | 23 | 11.39 | |
Oest-Campaments | 19 | 9.41 | |
El Montgó | 30 | 14.85 |
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. |
© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Ocaña, A.; Gea-Caballero, V.; Peiró, R.; Juárez-Vela, R.; Pérez-Sanz, E.; Corchón, S.; Paredes-Carbonell, J.J. Properties of the Spanish Version of the Place Standard Tool. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 9395. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159395
Ocaña A, Gea-Caballero V, Peiró R, Juárez-Vela R, Pérez-Sanz E, Corchón S, Paredes-Carbonell JJ. Properties of the Spanish Version of the Place Standard Tool. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(15):9395. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159395
Chicago/Turabian StyleOcaña, Ana, Vicente Gea-Caballero, Rosana Peiró, Raúl Juárez-Vela, Elena Pérez-Sanz, Silvia Corchón, and Joan Josep Paredes-Carbonell. 2022. "Properties of the Spanish Version of the Place Standard Tool" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 15: 9395. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159395