Occupational Dust Exposure and Respiratory Protection of Migrant Interior Construction Workers in Two Chinese Cities
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Dust Exposure
3.2. Respiratory Protection Level
3.2.1. Basic Situation
3.2.2. Occupational History and Protective Attitude
3.2.3. Analysis of Factors Related to Respiratory Protection Level for Migrant Interior Construction Workers
4. Discussion
Strengths and Limitations
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Type of Work | Total Dust | Respirable Dust | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Samples | Min–Max (mg/m3) | Median/IQR (mg/m3) | Exceeding Standard Points b | Exceeding Standard Rate (%) | Samples | Min–Max (mg/m3) | Median/IQR (mg/m3) | Exceeding Standard Points b | Exceeding Standard Rate (%) | |
Masons | 12 | 0.48 to 335.26 | 7.35 (15.53) | 6 | 50.00 | 12 | 0.17 to 220.27 | 1.47 (7.54) | 5 | 41.67 |
Water electrician | 6 | 0.93 to 101.70 | 28.78 (70.44) | 4 | 66.67 | 6 | 0.50 to 51.13 | 9.77 (31.13) | 4 | 66.67 |
Carpenter | 11 | 0.07 to 42.30 | 4.03 (5.70) | 3 | 27.27 | 11 | 0.03 to 34.70 | 1.17 (1.57) | 11 | 100.00 a |
Painter | 5 | 3.37 to 100.73 | 50.00 (72.10) | 4 | 80.00 | 6 | 1.20 to 73.33 | 30.03 (52.02) | 5 | 83.33 |
Total | 34 | 0.07 to 335.27 | 7.35 (33.11) | 17 | 50.00 | 35 | 0.03 to 220.27 | 2.03 (12.47) | 25 | 71.42 |
Variables n (%) | None n = 117 | Bad n = 143 | General n = 29 | Good n = 7 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Gender * | ||||
Male | 112 (42.26) | 121(45.66) | 25 (9.43) | 7 (2.64) |
Female | 5 (16.13) | 22 (70.97) | 4 (12.90) | 0 (0.00) |
Age | ||||
≤20 | 0 (0.00) | 6 (100.00) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) |
21–40 | 48 (38.40) | 66 (52.80) | 10 (8.00) | 1 (0.80) |
41–60 | 64 (42.11) | 64 (42.11) | 18 (11.84) | 6 (3.95) |
≥61 | 5 (38.46) | 7 (53.85) | 1 (7.69) | 0 (0.00) |
Workplace * | ||||
Shantou | 26 (25.74) | 45 (44.55) | 23 (22.77) | 7 (6.93) |
Qingyang | 91 (46.67) | 98 (50.26) | 6 (3.08) | 0 (0.00) |
Education level | ||||
Primary school and below | 53 (47.75) | 49 (44.14) | 6 (5.41) | 3 (2.70) |
Junior high school | 48 (34.04) | 73 (51.77) | 18 (12.77) | 2 (1.42) |
High school or vocational high school | 16 (40.00) | 17 (42.50) | 5 (12.50) | 2 (5.00) |
College degree and above | 0 (0.00) | 4 (100.00) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) |
Smoking | ||||
Never | 27 (32.93) | 44 (53.66) | 11 (13.41) | 0 (0.00) |
Once | 2 (2.22) | 6 (66.67) | 1 (11.11) | 0 (0.00) |
Now | 88 (42.93) | 93 (45.37) | 17 (8.29) | 7 (100.00) |
Exposure to second-hand smoke at work | ||||
Yes | 91 (36.69) | 131 (52.82) | 20 (8.06) | 6 (2.42) |
No | 26 (54.17) | 12 (25.00) | 9 (18.75) | 1 (2.08) |
Respiratory symptoms in the last three months * | ||||
Yes | 1 (6.25) | 11 (68.75) | 3 (18.75) | 1 (6.25) |
No | 116 (41.43) | 132 (47.14) | 26 (9.29) | 6 (2.14) |
Respiratory disease * | ||||
Yes | 0 (0.00) | 3 (42.86) | 4 (57.14) | 0 (0.00) |
No | 117 (40.48) | 140 (48.44) | 25 (8.65) | 7 (2.42) |
Variables n (%) | None n = 117 | Bad n = 143 | General n = 29 | Good n = 7 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Type of work | ||||
Masons | 42 (36.52) | 49 (42.61) | 19 (16.52) | 5 (4.35) |
Water electricians | 18 (29.51) | 39 (63.93) | 3 (4.92) | 1 (1.64) |
Carpenters | 35 (66.04) | 15 (28.30) | 2 (3.77) | 1 (1.89) |
Painters | 16 (32.00) | 30 (60.00) | 4 (8.00) | 0 (0.00) |
General workers and others | 6 (35.29) | 10 (58.52) | 1 (5.88) | 0 (0.00) |
Working years | ||||
≤10 | 34 (34.34) | 58 (58.59) | 7 (7.07) | 0 (0.00) |
11–20 | 45 (42.45) | 51 (48.11) | 6 (5.66) | 4 (3.77) |
21–30 | 26 (38.81) | 25 (37.31) | 14 (20.90) | 2 (2.99) |
≥31 | 12 (50.00) | 9 (37.50) | 2 (8.33) | 1 (4.17) |
Are the daily working hours fixed | ||||
Yes | 40 (41.24) | 44 (45.36) | 10 (10.31) | 3 (3.09) |
No | 77 (38.69) | 99 (49.75) | 19 (9.55) | 4 (2.01) |
Current type of employer | ||||
contractor | 87 (40.09) | 104 (47.93) | 21 (9.68) | 5 (2.30) |
construction company | 9 (29.03) | 19 (61.29) | 3 (9.68) | 0 (0.00) |
householder | 21 (43.75) | 20 (41.67) | 5 (10.42) | 2 (4.17) |
Pre-job physical examination * | ||||
Yes | 11 (20.75) | 37 (69.81) | 4 (7.55) | 1 (1.89) |
No | 106 (43.62) | 106 (43.62) | 25 (10.29) | 6 (2.47) |
Do you know that there were protective measures and regulations * | ||||
Yes | 5 (16.13) | 12 (38.71) | 10 (32.26) | 4 (12.90) |
No | 78 (42.86) | 90 (49.45) | 13 (7.14) | 1 (0.55) |
Unclear | 34 (40.96) | 41 (49.40) | 6 (7.23) | 2 (2.41) |
Does the employer explain the dust hazards and protection * | ||||
Yes | 4 (16.67) | 14 (58.33) | 2 (8.33) | 4 (16.67) |
No | 113 (41.54) | 129 (47.43) | 27 (9.93) | 3 (1.10) |
Whether there was a large amount of dust in the working environment * | ||||
Yes | 69 (29.49) | 130 (55.56) | 28 (11.97) | 7 (2.99) |
No | 48 (77.42) | 13 (20.97) | 1 (1.61) | 0 (0.00) |
Do you need to be educated about dust hazards and protection * | ||||
Yes | 18 (18.18) | 61 (61.62) | 15 (15.15) | 5 (5.05) |
No | 25 (38.46) | 35 (53.85) | 5 (7.69) | 0 (0.00) |
It doesn’t matter | 74 (56.06) | 47 (35.61) | 9 (6.82) | 2 (1.52) |
Variables | p | OR | 95% CI | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Male (ref. female) | 0.24 | <0.001 | 1.28 | 1.16–1.40 |
Shantou (ref. Qingyang) | −0.91 | <0.001 | 0.83 | 0.76–0.90 |
Have respiratory disease (ref. no) | −0.23 | 0.006 | 0.80 | 0.68–0.94 |
I knew that there were protective measures and regulations (ref. do not know) | −0.23 | 0.021 | 0.79 | 0.65–0.97 |
There was a large amount of dust in the working environment (ref. no) | −0.17 | <0.001 | 0.84 | 0.79–0.90 |
I need to be educated about dust hazards and protection (ref. does not matter) | −0.13 | <0.001 | 0.88 | 0.80–0.96 |
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Chen, J.; Cheng, B.; Xie, W.; Su, M. Occupational Dust Exposure and Respiratory Protection of Migrant Interior Construction Workers in Two Chinese Cities. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 10113. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191610113
Chen J, Cheng B, Xie W, Su M. Occupational Dust Exposure and Respiratory Protection of Migrant Interior Construction Workers in Two Chinese Cities. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(16):10113. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191610113
Chicago/Turabian StyleChen, Jinfu, Bowen Cheng, Wei Xie, and Min Su. 2022. "Occupational Dust Exposure and Respiratory Protection of Migrant Interior Construction Workers in Two Chinese Cities" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 16: 10113. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191610113