Air Pollution in Kosovo: Short Term Effects on Hospital Visits of Children Due to Respiratory Health Diagnoses
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Air Pollution Data
2.2. Health Data
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Air Pollution Data
3.2. Time Course of Ambulatory Visits and Hospital Admissions
3.3. Short-Term Effect of Particulate Air Pollution (PM2.5)
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | em | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A | 1 | |||||||||||
B | 0.9248 | 1 | ||||||||||
C | 0.9056 | 0.8576 | 1 | |||||||||
D | 0.8714 | 0.8662 | 0.8665 | 1 | ||||||||
E | 0.8549 | 0.8433 | 0.8443 | 0.8621 | 1 | |||||||
F | 0.765 | 0.7249 | 0.7796 | 0.7543 | 0.8745 | 1 | ||||||
G | 0.8288 | 0.8212 | 0.7769 | 0.8574 | 0.8386 | 0.6882 | 1 | |||||
H | 0.8254 | 0.8068 | 0.7497 | 0.7685 | 0.8342 | 0.7298 | 0.7541 | 1 | ||||
I | 0.9172 | 0.8441 | 0.9023 | 0.8579 | 0.8622 | 0.7333 | 0.8122 | 0.7422 | 1 | |||
J | 0.9208 | 0.8673 | 0.9242 | 0.8777 | 0.8787 | 0.7871 | 0.8342 | 0.8277 | 0.9467 | 1 | ||
K | 0.9056 | 0.8396 | 0.9192 | 0.8456 | 0.845 | 0.7492 | 0.7933 | 0.8077 | 0.9584 | 0.9618 | 1 | |
em | 0.9002 | 0.916 | 0.8714 | 0.8452 | 0.8587 | 0.7768 | 0.7918 | 0.8358 | 0.9158 | 0.9219 | 0.9155 | 1 |
A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | em | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A | 1 | |||||||||||
B | 0.9511 | 1 | ||||||||||
C | 0.9267 | 0.8643 | 1 | |||||||||
D | 0.8771 | 0.8384 | 0.8626 | 1 | ||||||||
E | 0.8387 | 0.8549 | 0.7422 | 0.6888 | 1 | |||||||
F | 0.7869 | 0.683 | 0.8024 | 0.7594 | 0.7937 | 1 | ||||||
G | 0.7521 | 0.7655 | 0.7521 | 0.7544 | 0.5857 | 0.4586 | 1 | |||||
H | 0.793 | 0.8483 | 0.7557 | 0.7042 | 0.7869 | 0.5689 | 0.6805 | 1 | ||||
I | 0.9167 | 0.8106 | 0.9342 | 0.9204 | 0.9028 | 0.8951 | 0.8641 | 0.6844 | 1 | |||
J | 0.9218 | 0.8431 | 0.9132 | 0.8979 | 0.9099 | 0.8836 | 0.8336 | 0.7979 | 0.9561 | 1 | ||
K | 0.9227 | 0.824 | 0.9436 | 0.9012 | 0.9083 | 0.904 | 0.8282 | 0.7347 | 0.9818 | 0.964 | 1 | |
em | 0.9026 | 0.8561 | 0.8127 | 0.7742 | 0.8268 | 0.8285 | 0.5952 | 0.6564 | 0.9291 | 0.9165 | 0.9314 | 1 |
A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | em | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A | 1 | |||||||||||
B | 0.8988 | 1 | ||||||||||
C | 0.8767 | 0.8135 | 1 | |||||||||
D | 0.828 | 0.8131 | 0.8258 | 1 | ||||||||
E | 0.7997 | 0.7679 | 0.7942 | 0.8056 | 1 | |||||||
F | 0.6802 | 0.6126 | 0.7039 | 0.6414 | 0.8118 | 1 | ||||||
G | 0.7915 | 0.7556 | 0.7156 | 0.8135 | 0.7712 | 0.5755 | 1 | |||||
H | 0.7707 | 0.7201 | 0.6731 | 0.6759 | 0.7464 | 0.6219 | 0.6564 | 1 | ||||
I | 0.9279 | 0.8559 | 0.9057 | 0.8491 | 0.8185 | 0.6878 | 0.781 | 0.7641 | 1 | |||
J | 0.9084 | 0.8304 | 0.9026 | 0.83 | 0.8248 | 0.7083 | 0.7648 | 0.7965 | 0.9496 | 1 | ||
K | 0.8892 | 0.8064 | 0.8981 | 0.7967 | 0.7791 | 0.6694 | 0.7191 | 0.7948 | 0.9534 | 0.9515 | 1 | |
em | 0.8858 | 0.8959 | 0.8397 | 0.797 | 0.8029 | 0.6927 | 0.7578 | 0.7977 | 0.9242 | 0.9114 | 0.9032 | 1 |
Abbreviation | Location | Type | Operative Since |
---|---|---|---|
A | AQMS Prishtine–IHMK | suburban background | March 2018 |
B | AQMS Prishtine, Rilindje | urban background | April 2018 |
C | Drenas-Municipality | urban background | April 2018 |
D | Mitrovice | urban background | May 2018 |
E | AQMS Peje | urban background | May 2018 |
F | AQMS Prizren | urban background | April 2018 |
G | AQMS Hani i Elezit | suburban background | November 2019 |
H | AQMS Gjilan | urban background | April 2018 |
I | AQMS Palaj, Obiliq | suburban background | October 2019 |
J | AQMS Obiliq, Obiliq | urban background | Sept 2019 |
K | AQMS Dardhishte, Obiliq | suburban background | October 2019 |
em | US embassy | at least 2017 |
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Share and Cite
Shabani Isenaj, Z.; Berisha, M.; Gjorgjev, D.; Dimovska, M.; Moshammer, H.; Ukëhaxhaj, A. Air Pollution in Kosovo: Short Term Effects on Hospital Visits of Children Due to Respiratory Health Diagnoses. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 10141. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191610141
Shabani Isenaj Z, Berisha M, Gjorgjev D, Dimovska M, Moshammer H, Ukëhaxhaj A. Air Pollution in Kosovo: Short Term Effects on Hospital Visits of Children Due to Respiratory Health Diagnoses. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(16):10141. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191610141
Chicago/Turabian StyleShabani Isenaj, Zana, Merita Berisha, Dragan Gjorgjev, Mirjana Dimovska, Hanns Moshammer, and Antigona Ukëhaxhaj. 2022. "Air Pollution in Kosovo: Short Term Effects on Hospital Visits of Children Due to Respiratory Health Diagnoses" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 16: 10141. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191610141
APA StyleShabani Isenaj, Z., Berisha, M., Gjorgjev, D., Dimovska, M., Moshammer, H., & Ukëhaxhaj, A. (2022). Air Pollution in Kosovo: Short Term Effects on Hospital Visits of Children Due to Respiratory Health Diagnoses. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(16), 10141. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191610141