Developing a Cross-National Disability Measure for Older Adult Populations across Korea, China, and Japan
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Data
2.2. Cognitive Function and Physical Function Item Extraction
2.3. Statistical Analysis
2.4. Step One: Test the Psychometric Properties of Key Items
2.4.1. Unidimensional Assumptions about Key Items
2.4.2. Rasch Analysis for Key Items
2.4.3. DIF for Key Items
2.5. Step Two: Anchoring the Difficulty Parameters of Key Items to the Entire Database
2.5.1. Anchoring Methods
2.5.2. Rasch Analysis for the Total Cognitive and Physical Function Measures
2.5.3. DIF for the Total Cognitive and Physical Function Measures
3. Results
3.1. Step One: Test the Psychometric Properties of Key Items
3.1.1. Unidimensional Assumptions about Key Items
3.1.2. Rasch Analysis for Key Items
3.1.3. DIF for Key Items
3.2. Step Two: Anchoring the Difficulty Parameters of Key Items to the Entire Database
3.2.1. Anchoring Methods
3.2.2. Rasch Analysis for the Total Cognitive and Physical Function Measures
3.2.3. DIF for the Total Cognitive and Physical Function Measures
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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No. | Type | CHARLS | JSTAR | KLoSA |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Key I | Orientation time | Orientation time | Orientation time |
2 | Key I | Orientation-week | Orientation-week | Orientation-week |
3 | Key I | Subtraction | Subtraction | Subtraction |
4 | Key I | Verbal memory input | Verbal memory input | Verbal memory input |
5 | Key I | Verbal memory output | Verbal memory output | Verbal memory output |
6 | CK | Orientation-season | - | Orientation-season |
7 | JK | - | Orientation-location | Orientation-location |
8 | JK | - | Orientation-address | Orientation-address |
9 | K | - | - | How use of stuff-1 |
10 | K | - | - | How use of stuff-2 |
11 | K | - | - | Repeat speaking |
12 | K | - | - | Enforcement-1 |
13 | K | - | - | Enforcement-2 |
14 | K | - | - | Enforcement-3 |
15 | CK | Enforcement-4 | Enforcement-4 | |
16 | J | - | Percentage calculation-1 | - |
17 | J | - | Percentage calculation-2 | - |
18 | J | - | Percentage calculation-3 | - |
19 | J | - | Percentage calculation-4 | - |
No. | Type | CHARLS | JSTAR | KLoSA |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Key I | Dressing | Dressing | Dressing |
2 | Key I | Bathing | Bathing | Bathing |
3 | Key I | Eating | Eating | Eating |
4 | Key I | Get in/out of bed | Get in/out of bed | Get in/out of bed |
5 | Key I | Toileting | Toileting | Toileting |
6 | CK | Urination control | - | Urination control |
7 | CK | Household chores | - | Household chores |
8 | CK | Preparing hot meals | - | Preparing hot meals |
9 | CK | Shopping | - | Shopping |
10 | CK | Managing assets | - | Managing assets |
11 | CK | Taking medications | - | Taking medications |
12 | C | Running/jogging 1 mile | - | |
13 | C | Walking 1 mile | - | - |
14 | CJ | Walking 1 block | Walking 1 block | - |
15 | CJ | Getting up from a chair | Getting up from a chair | - |
16 | CJ | Climbing flights of stairs | Climbing flights of stairs | - |
17 | CJ | Reaching arms | Reaching arms | - |
18 | CJ | Lifting weights (10 lb.) | Lifting weights (10 lb.) | - |
19 | CJ | Picking up a coin | Picking up a coin | - |
20 | J | - | Walking around in the room | - |
21 | J | - | Sitting in a chair for 2 h | - |
22 | J | - | Climb one stair without handrail | - |
23 | J | - | Pushing or pulling large objects | - |
24 | K | - | - | Washing teeth & hair |
25 | K | - | - | Grooming |
26 | K | - | - | Laundry |
27 | K | - | - | Going out using public transport |
28 | K | - | - | Going out without public transport |
29 | K | - | - | Receive calls |
Key Items | CMLE Measure (Logits) | Model SE | Infit | Outfit | DIF Contrast | Mantel–Haenszel Probability | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MnSq | ZSTD | MnSq | ZSTD | |||||
Physical functions | ||||||||
Dressing | −0.06 | 0.14 | 1.01 | 0.16 | 0.97 | −0.25 | −0.24 | 0.5368 |
Bathing | 1.62 | 0.13 | 0.93 | −1.41 | 0.87 | −1.00 | −0.76 | 0.0056 |
Eating | −1.57 | 0.19 | 1.02 | 0.23 | 1.03 | 0.18 | −0.39 | 0.5004 |
Getting in/out of bed | −0.66 | 0.15 | 0.80 | −2.34 | 0.74 | −1.82 | −0.07 | 0.6977 |
Toileting | 0.67 | 0.13 | 1.24 | 3.54 | 1.34 | 3.52 | 1.13 | 0.0001 |
Cognition functions | ||||||||
Orientation time | −0.64 | 0.06 | 1.09 | 3.19 | 1.11 | 2.67 | 0.26 | 0.0408 |
Subtraction | 0.75 | 0.05 | 1.12 | 5.51 | 1.15 | 4.26 | 0.71 | 0.0000 |
Verbal memory input | −0.13 | 0.05 | 0.87 | −5.70 | 0.85 | −5.78 | −0.53 | 0.0000 |
Verbal memory output | 0.02 | 0.05 | 0.91 | −4.16 | 0.90 | −4.16 | −0.37 | 0.0005 |
Items | CMLE MEASURE (Logits) | Model SE | Infit | Outfit | DIF Contrast | Mantel–Haenszel Probability | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MnSq | ZSTD | MnSq | ZSTD | |||||
Physical functions | ||||||||
Running/jogging for 1 mile | 5.36 | 0.07 | 1.04 | 1.01 | 1.42 | 3.58 | 0.18 | 0.0837 |
Laundry | 3.39 | 0.20 | 1.30 | 3.53 | 1.04 | 0.24 | −2.42 | 0.0000 |
Climbing stairs | 3.39 | 0.06 | 0.70 | −9.90 | 0.58 | −7.41 | 0.23 | 0.2907 |
Walking for 1 mile | 3.27 | 0.06 | 1.32 | 8.50 | 1.68 | 8.43 | −0.26 | 0.2804 |
Going out using public transport | 3.18 | 0.19 | 0.89 | −1.27 | 0.98 | 0.08 | 1.96 | 0.0000 |
Physical functions | ||||||||
Climbing one stair | 1.79 | 0.37 | 1.02 | 0.20 | 0.75 | −0.60 | 0.46 | 0.6321 |
Pushing or pulling large objects | 1.68 | 0.37 | 0.79 | −1.26 | 0.68 | −0.84 | 0.28 | 0.8665 |
Shopping | 1.65 | 0.08 | 0.86 | −3.01 | 0.58 | −4.43 | 0.07 | 0.7019 |
Reaching arms | 1.24 | 0.09 | 1.20 | 3.46 | 0.90 | −0.64 | −0.04 | 0.7922 |
Sitting in a chair for 2 h | 0.87 | 0.42 | 1.08 | 0.40 | 1.25 | 0.68 | −0.38 | 0.9573 |
Getting up from a chair | 0.87 | 0.10 | 1.05 | 0.77 | 0.65 | −2.18 | 0.09 | 0.8987 |
Grooming | 0.51 | 0.24 | 0.74 | −1.99 | 0.59 | −1.44 | 0.00 | 0.8927 |
Walking around in the room | 0.34 | 0.47 | 1.17 | 0.64 | 0.80 | −0.20 | −0.51 | 0.5986 |
Receive calls | 0.30 | 0.24 | 1.38 | 2.42 | 1.39 | 1.13 | 0.66 | 0.4982 |
Dressing | −0.06 | 0.11 | 0.80 | −2.91 | 0.41 | −2.85 | −0.17 | 0.1773 |
Washing teeth & hair | −0.08 | 0.25 | 0.82 | −1.26 | 0.73 | −0.59 | −0.54 | 0.5542 |
Picking up a coin | −0.18 | 0.12 | 1.10 | 1.09 | 0.65 | −1.33 | −0.22 | 0.7501 |
Urination control | −0.60 | 0.13 | 1.20 | 2.20 | 1.52 | 1.99 | −0.24 | 0.3677 |
Get in/out of bed | −0.66 | 0.13 | 0.67 | −4.40 | 0.22 | −5.05 | 0.05 | 0.9619 |
Eating | −1.57 | 0.16 | 1.05 | 0.51 | 0.37 | −3.57 | 0.02 | 0.6911 |
Cognitive functions | ||||||||
Enforcement 1 | 0.87 | 0.09 | 0.83 | −4.34 | 0.74 | −2.10 | −0.09 | 0.5060 |
Subtraction | 0.75 | 0.05 | 1.13 | 5.86 | 1.21 | 3.29 | 0.56 | 0.0000 |
Verbal memory output | −0.02 | 0.05 | 0.97 | −1.13 | 1.09 | 1.80 | −0.43 | 0.0001 |
Enforcement 2 | −0.05 | 0.09 | 0.85 | −3.53 | 0.76 | −2.30 | 0.05 | 0.9590 |
Verbal memory input | −0.13 | 0.05 | 0.94 | −2.54 | 0.91 | −1.97 | −0.57 | 0.0000 |
Enforcement 4 | −0.47 | 0.05 | 0.99 | −0.29 | 1.16 | 3.09 | 0.31 | 0.0112 |
Orientation time | −0.64 | 0.05 | 1.03 | 1.15 | 1.05 | 0.92 | 0.15 | 0.1931 |
Orientation-address | −0.97 | 0.10 | 0.98 | −0.33 | 1.54 | 4.31 | 0.22 | 0.6154 |
Orientation-season | −3.03 | 0.10 | 1.15 | 2.02 | 1.27 | 1.67 | −0.21 | 0.6189 |
Repeat speaking | −3.16 | 0.16 | 0.81 | −1.71 | 0.50 | −1.95 | 0.49 | 0.5002 |
How to use objects 2 | −5.15 | 0.30 | 0.88 | −0.49 | 1.22 | 0.63 | 0.56 | 0.3756 |
Orientation-location | −5.25 | 0.30 | 0.82 | −0.77 | 0.22 | −2.84 | −1.11 | 0.1655 |
How to use objects 1 | −5.31 | 0.31 | 0.86 | −0.57 | 0.95 | 0.01 | 0.69 | 0.2715 |
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Nam, S.; Lee, M.J.; Hong, I. Developing a Cross-National Disability Measure for Older Adult Populations across Korea, China, and Japan. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 10338. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191610338
Nam S, Lee MJ, Hong I. Developing a Cross-National Disability Measure for Older Adult Populations across Korea, China, and Japan. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(16):10338. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191610338
Chicago/Turabian StyleNam, Sanghun, Mi Jung Lee, and Ickpyo Hong. 2022. "Developing a Cross-National Disability Measure for Older Adult Populations across Korea, China, and Japan" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 16: 10338. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191610338