Prevalence and Factors Associated with Sexual Violence against Children in a Brazilian State
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
3.1. Description
3.2. Associated Factors
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | n | % | CI 95% |
---|---|---|---|
Victim’s gender | |||
Male | 333 | 25.8 | 23.5–28.3 |
Female | 957 | 74.2 | 71.7–76.5 |
Victim’s age group | |||
0 to 2 years old | 252 | 19.7 | 17.6–22.0 |
3 to 5 years old | 456 | 35.7 | 33.1–38.3 |
6 to 9 years old | 571 | 44.6 | 41.9–47.4 |
Ethnicity/Color | |||
White | 335 | 30.4 | 27.7–33.2 |
Black/Mixed Race | 768 | 69.6 | 66.8–72.3 |
Deficiencies/Disorders | |||
No | 1187 | 96.3 | 95.1–97.2 |
Yes | 46 | 3.7 | 2.8–5.0 |
Place of residence | |||
Urban/Periurban | 1178 | 93.3 | 91.8–94.5 |
Rural | 85 | 6.7 | 5.5–8.3 |
Offender’s age group | |||
0–19 years old | 221 | 36.6 | 32.8–40.5 |
20 years or more | 383 | 63.4 | 59.5–67.2 |
Offender’s gender | |||
Male | 1019 | 91.6 | 89.8–93.1 |
Female | 49 | 4.4 | 3.3–5.8 |
Both | 45 | 4.0 | 3.0–5.4 |
Bond with the victim | |||
Father/Stepfather/Mother/Stepmother/Both Parents | 385 | 35.1 | 32.3–38.0 |
known | 675 | 61.5 | 58.6–64.4 |
Unknown | 37 | 3.4 | 2.5–4.6 |
Suspected use of alcohol | |||
No | 474 | 83.9 | 80.6–86.7 |
Yes | 91 | 16.1 | 13.3–19.4 |
Number of involved | |||
One | 937 | 86.4 | 84.2–88.3 |
Two or more | 148 | 13.6 | 11.7–15.8 |
Occurred at the residence | |||
No | 130 | 12.1 | 10.2–14.2 |
Yes | 948 | 87.9 | 85.9–89.8 |
Period of Occurrence | |||
Morning/Afternoon | 367 | 65.5 | 61.5–69.4 |
Night/Dawn | 193 | 34.5 | 30.6–38.5 |
Repeated violence | |||
No | 355 | 43.6 | 40.2–47.0 |
Yes | 460 | 56.4 | 53.0–59.8 |
Referral | |||
No | 72 | 5.6 | 4.5–7.0 |
Yes | 1206 | 94.4 | 93.0–95.5 |
Variables | n | % | CI 95% | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Victim’s gender | ||||
Male | 333 | 24.9 | 22.6–27.3 | <0.001 |
Female | 957 | 54.6 | 52.3–56.9 | |
Victim’s age group | ||||
0 to 2 years old | 252 | 23.7 | 21.2–26.3 | <0.001 |
3 to 5 years old | 456 | 51.9 | 48.6–55.2 | |
6 to 9 years old | 571 | 51.1 | 48.2–54.1 | |
Ethnicity/Color | ||||
White | 335 | 45.9 | 42.3–49.5 | 0.030 |
Black/Mixed Race | 768 | 41.2 | 39.0–43.5 | |
Deficiencies/Disorders | ||||
No | 1187 | 41.7 | 39.9–43.5 | 0.974 |
Yes | 46 | 41.8 | 32.9–51.3 | |
Place of residence | ||||
Urban | 1178 | 42.9 | 41.1–44.8 | 0.002 |
Rural | 85 | 32.8 | 27.4–38.8 | |
Offender’s age group | ||||
0–19 years old | 221 | 68.0 | 62.7–72.9 | <0.001 |
20 years old or more | 383 | 37.3 | 34.4–40.3 | |
Offender’s gender | ||||
Male | 1019 | 68.9 | 66.4–71.2 | <0.001 |
Female | 49 | 6.4 | 4.8–8.3 | |
Both | 45 | 8.5 | 6.4–11.2 | |
Bond with the victim | ||||
Father/Stepfather/Mother/Stepmother/Both Parents | 385 | 22.3 | 20.4–24.3 | <0.001 |
known | 675 | 70.8 | 67.9–73.6 | |
Unknown | 37 | 37.4 | 28.4–47.3 | |
Suspected use of alcohol | ||||
No | 474 | 43,1 | 40.2–46.0 | <0.001 |
Yes | 91 | 27.6 | 23.0–32.7 | |
Number of involved | ||||
One | 937 | 46.3 | 44.2–48.5 | <0.001 |
Two or more | 148 | 19.9 | 17.2–22.9 | |
Occurred at the residence | ||||
No | 130 | 25.4 | 21.9–29.4 | <0.001 |
Yes | 948 | 43.3 | 41.3–45.4 | |
Period of Occurrence | ||||
Morning/Afternoon | 367 | 39.5 | 36.4–42.7 | 0.633 |
Night/Dawn | 193 | 38.2 | 34.1–42.5 | |
Repeated violence | ||||
No | 355 | 44.5 | 41.1–48.0 | 0.522 |
Yes | 460 | 46.0 | 42.9–49.1 | |
Referral | ||||
No | 72 | 20.0 | 16.2–24.5 | <0.001 |
Yes | 1206 | 44.7 | 42.8–46.6 |
Variables | Crude Analysis | Adjusted Analysis | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PR | CI 95% | p-Value | PR | CI 95% | p-Value | |
Victim’s gender | ||||||
Male | 1.0 | <0.001 | 1.0 | <0.001 | ||
Female | 2.20 | 1.98–2.43 | 2.10 | 1.88–2.34 | ||
Victim’s age group | ||||||
0 to 2 years old | 1.0 | <0.001 | 1.0 | <0.001 | ||
3 to 5 years old | 2.19 | 1.93–2.48 | 2.12 | 1.86–2.42 | ||
6 to 9 years old | 2.16 | 1.91–2.44 | 2.15 | 1.89–2.45 | ||
Ethnicity/Color | ||||||
White | 1.11 | 1.01–1.23 | 0.027 | 1.11 | 1.02–1.22 | 0.018 |
Black/Mixed Race | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
Place of residence | ||||||
Urban | 1.31 | 1.09–1.57 | 0.003 | 1.37 | 1.15–1.64 | <0.001 |
Rural | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
Offender’s age group | ||||||
0–19 years old | 1.82 | 1.63–2.03 | <0.001 | 1.05 | 0.92–1.20 | 0.450 |
20 years old or more | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
Offender’s gender | ||||||
Male | 10.83 | 8.24–14.24 | <0.001 | 7.90 | 5.72–10.90 | <0.001 |
Female | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
Both | 1.34 | 0.91–1.98 | 1.67 | 1.09–2.55 | ||
Bond with the victim | ||||||
Father/Stepfather/Mother/Stepmother/Both Parents | 1.0 | <0.001 | 1.0 | <0.001 | ||
Known | 3.18 | 2.88–3.50 | 1.59 | 1.45–1.74 | ||
Unknown | 1.68 | 1.28–2.20 | 1.23 | 0.93–1.64 | ||
Suspected use of alcohol | ||||||
No | 1.56 | 1.29–1.88 | <0.001 | 1.18 | 0.99–1.38 | 0.054 |
Yes | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
Number of involved | ||||||
One | 2.33 | 2.00–2.71 | <0.001 | 0.92 | 0.76–1.11 | 0.369 |
Two or more | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
Occurred at the residence | ||||||
No | 1.0 | <0.001 | 1.0 | <0.001 | ||
Yes | 1.7 | 1.46–1.99 | 1.47 | 1.27–1.70 |
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Pedroso, M.R.d.O.; Leite, F.M.C. Prevalence and Factors Associated with Sexual Violence against Children in a Brazilian State. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 9838. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19169838
Pedroso MRdO, Leite FMC. Prevalence and Factors Associated with Sexual Violence against Children in a Brazilian State. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(16):9838. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19169838
Chicago/Turabian StylePedroso, Márcia Regina de Oliveira, and Franciéle Marabotti Costa Leite. 2022. "Prevalence and Factors Associated with Sexual Violence against Children in a Brazilian State" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 16: 9838. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19169838