Effect of a Short Course on Improving the Cadres’ Knowledge in the Context of Reducing Stunting through Home Visits in Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Study Procedures
2.3. Participants
2.4. Data Collection
2.5. Data Management and Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Baseline Characteristics
3.2. Short Course
“We are pleased with this short course because the duration is sufficient, not too long, and allows us to schedule a home visit.”(SR, 31 years old)
“At first, we had to fix an appointment with the mother, but now it is more accessible through a cellphone. However, we are happy because home visits make us understand the condition of children and their families, hence, it won’t be intensive when we meet at the Integrated Health Service Post.”(TS, 45 years old)
“I’m becoming more courageous in assisting children. During the home visit, I recalled how we taught monitoring of children’s growth and development, IYCF, and the information was transferred to the mothers until she was understood.”(D, 42 years old)
4. Discussion
5. Limitation
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | n | % |
---|---|---|
Age (years old) | ||
<30 | 6 | 7.0 |
30–40 | 12 | 40.0 |
>40 | 18 | 53.0 |
Marital Status | ||
Married | 30 | 100.0 |
Formal Education | ||
Junior High School | 9 | 30.0 |
Senior High School | 19 | 63.3 |
University | 2 | 6.7 |
Occupation | ||
Farmer | 8 | 26.7 |
Self-employed | 4 | 13.3 |
Housewife | 18 | 60.0 |
Years of role as cadres (years) | ||
<5 | 7 | 23.3 |
6–10 | 5 | 16.7 |
>10 | 18 | 60.0 |
History of training | ||
IYCF | 30 | 100.0 |
Growth monitoring | 30 | 100.0 |
Cadre competency certification | 30 | 100.0 |
Take a short course completely | 30 | 100.0 |
Variables | CGM | CDM | IYCF | Average |
---|---|---|---|---|
Pretest | 71.50 ± 1.41 | 70.87 ± 1.96 | 71.33 ± 1.32 | 71.23 ± 0.75 |
Post-test 1 | 77.57 ± 2.34 | 77.57 ± 1.96 | 77.17 ± 2.81 | 77.43 ± 1.29 |
Post-test 2 | 80.07 ± 2.02 | 80.13 ± 2.16 | 83.03 ± 3.51 | 81.08 ± 1.72 |
Post-test 1—Pretest Effect size 95%CI | 6.07 * (5.09–7.04) | 6.70 * (5.67–7.73) | 5.83 * (4.44–7.22) | 6.20 * (5.68–6.72) |
Post-test 2—Pretest Effect size 95% CI | 8.57 * (7.58–9.56) | 9.27 * (8.28–10.25) | 11.7 * (10.55–12.85) | 9.84 * (9.16–10.53) |
Variable 2 | CGM 1 | CDM 1 | IYCF 1 | Average 1 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Post-test 2 | 8.57 * (7.60–9.53) | 9.27 * (8.31–10.22) | 11.7 * (10.31–13.09) | 9.84 * (9.17–10.52) |
Post-test 1 | 6.07 * (5.10–7.03) | 6.70 * (5.75–7.65) | 5.83 * (4.44–7.23) | 6.20 * (5.52–6.88) |
Pretest | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
Cons | 71.71 | 73.47 | 69.41 | 71.53 |
QIC | 373.938 | 428.937 | 601.954 | 179.888 |
Aspect | Opinion |
---|---|
Affective attitude | Cadres felt excited and were more intensive in assisting stunted children. They can educate mothers more comprehensively. |
Burden | Mothers denied their children were stunted, even asking for measurements on the spot. However, after explaining the program’s benefits, they wanted to be educated. Another burden issue is time mismatch and time-consumption, because it takes 30–60 min for each child’s home visit. |
Ethics | Short courses and home visits do not conflict with existing norms, programs, culture, and beliefs, even if mothers and cadres give each other a strengthening of returns to reduce the problem of stunted children. |
Perception of effectiveness | This program is beneficial because home visits educate mothers regarding growth monitoring, how to stimulate development, measuring developmental achievements, and appropriate feeding of children. Furthermore, the program support further decreases the prevalence of stunting. |
Intervention coherence | Cadres understand the program flow. |
Opportunity cost | The home visit program has implications for time, travelling cost, and other resources, along with food ingredients and BKB kits (Indonesian: acronym for Bina Keluarga Balita, or Toddler Family Development) as educational media. |
Self-efficacy | Training makes cadres confident; hence, they can solve stunting problems through home visits. |
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Siswati, T.; Iskandar, S.; Pramestuti, N.; Raharjo, J.; Rialihanto, M.P.; Rubaya, A.K.; Wiratama, B.S. Effect of a Short Course on Improving the Cadres’ Knowledge in the Context of Reducing Stunting through Home Visits in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 9843. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19169843
Siswati T, Iskandar S, Pramestuti N, Raharjo J, Rialihanto MP, Rubaya AK, Wiratama BS. Effect of a Short Course on Improving the Cadres’ Knowledge in the Context of Reducing Stunting through Home Visits in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(16):9843. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19169843
Chicago/Turabian StyleSiswati, Tri, Slamet Iskandar, Nova Pramestuti, Jarohman Raharjo, Muhammad Primiaji Rialihanto, Agus Kharmayana Rubaya, and Bayu Satria Wiratama. 2022. "Effect of a Short Course on Improving the Cadres’ Knowledge in the Context of Reducing Stunting through Home Visits in Yogyakarta, Indonesia" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 16: 9843. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19169843