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Volume 19
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10.3390/ijerph192113940
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Article

Bioimpedance and Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry Are Not Equivalent Technologies: Comparing Fat Mass and Fat-Free Mass

by
Sofia Lopes
,
Tatiana Fontes
,
Rejane Giacomelli Tavares
,
Luis Monteiro Rodrigues
and
Cíntia Ferreira-Pêgo
*
CBIOS–Universidade Lusófona’s Research Center for Biosciences and Health Technologies, Av. Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(21), 13940; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192113940
Submission received: 1 September 2022 / Revised: 21 October 2022 / Accepted: 24 October 2022 / Published: 27 October 2022
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Abstract

Bioimpedance (BIA) is the most frequently used technology for body composition assessment at a daily clinical level, mostly due to its low price and user-friendly operation. However, many doubts persist regarding its physiological meaning and applicability. The present study aimed to compare one BIA system and the Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) for the characterization of body composition in a previously selected cohort of healthy adult participants. A descriptive observational cross-sectional study included a final sample of 121 participants, 93 women and 28 men, with a mean age of 28.26 ± 9.72 years old and a mean body mass index (BMI) of 22.68 ± 3.13 kg/m2. Statistics involved paired t-tests and agreement analysis by the Bland-Altman method. BIA underestimated the percent body fat (%BF) by 5.56% and overestimated Fat-Free Mass (FFM) by 2.90 kg. A strong positive correlation between both technologies was found for FFM (r = 0.980) and the %BF (r = 0.932), but the disagreement was statistically significant (p < 0.001). Although DXA and BIA seem to correlate, these technologies are not congruent. Therefore, the risk of (mis)interpretation and bias is clear with BIA, potentially impacting the nutritional planning of clinical dietitians and the further results of its patients.
Keywords: bioimpedance; dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; DXA; body fat; Fat Free-Mass bioimpedance; dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; DXA; body fat; Fat Free-Mass

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MDPI and ACS Style

Lopes, S.; Fontes, T.; Tavares, R.G.; Rodrigues, L.M.; Ferreira-Pêgo, C. Bioimpedance and Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry Are Not Equivalent Technologies: Comparing Fat Mass and Fat-Free Mass. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 13940. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192113940

AMA Style

Lopes S, Fontes T, Tavares RG, Rodrigues LM, Ferreira-Pêgo C. Bioimpedance and Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry Are Not Equivalent Technologies: Comparing Fat Mass and Fat-Free Mass. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(21):13940. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192113940

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lopes, Sofia, Tatiana Fontes, Rejane Giacomelli Tavares, Luis Monteiro Rodrigues, and Cíntia Ferreira-Pêgo. 2022. "Bioimpedance and Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry Are Not Equivalent Technologies: Comparing Fat Mass and Fat-Free Mass" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 21: 13940. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192113940

APA Style

Lopes, S., Fontes, T., Tavares, R. G., Rodrigues, L. M., & Ferreira-Pêgo, C. (2022). Bioimpedance and Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry Are Not Equivalent Technologies: Comparing Fat Mass and Fat-Free Mass. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(21), 13940. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192113940

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