Exploring Mediation Effects of Gait Speed, Body Balance, and Falls in the Relationship between Physical Activity and Health-Related Quality of Life in Vulnerable Older Adults
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Sample and Study Design
2.2. Measures
2.2.1. Demographics and Health Profile
2.2.2. Falls
2.2.3. Anthropometry
2.2.4. Physical Activity
2.2.5. Gait
2.2.6. Body Balance
2.2.7. Health-Related Quality of Life
2.2.8. Covariates
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Participants’ Characteristics
3.2. Serial and Parallel Mediation Analysis
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | Full Sample (n = 619) | Faller (n = 225) | Non-Faller (n = 394) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 69.5 ± 5.6 | 70.05 ± 5.92 | 69.18 ± 5.44 | 0.066 |
60–69 | 294 (47.5) | 104 (84.4) | 190 (48.2) | |
70–79 | 303 (48.9) | 110 (48.8) | 193 (449.0) | |
80–89 | 22 (3.5) | 11 (4.8) | 11 (2.8) | |
Sex | <0.001 | |||
Woman | 314 (50.7) | 153 (68.0) | 161(40.9) | |
Men | 305 (50.3) | 72 (32.0) | 233 (59.1) | |
Falls | <0.001 | |||
1 | 114 (18.4) | 114 (50.6) | ----- | |
2–3 | 55 (8.9) | 55 (24.4) | ----- | |
4–6 | 25 (4.4) | 25 (11.1) | ----- | |
7–10 | 20 (3.2) | 20 (8.9) | ----- | |
Medication | 4.66 ± 0.03 | 4.68 ± 0.5 | 4.61 ± 0.6 | 0.395 |
Comorbidities | ||||
Vision | 486 (78.5) | 204 (90.6) | 282 (71.6) | <0.001 |
Hearing | 196 (31.6) | 76 (33.7) | 120 (30.4) | 0.228 |
Hypertension | 408 (65.9) | 154 (68.4) | 254 (64.6) | 0.022 |
Diabetes | 224 (36.2) | 104 (46.2) | 120 (30.4) | 0.122 |
Musculoarticular | 23 (10.2) | 23 (5.8) | 0.035 | |
Anthropometry | ||||
Height (cm) | 159.05 ± 8.69 | 156.43 ± 8.37 | 160.79 ± 8.26 | <0.001 |
Weight (kg) | 74.77 ± 13.06 | 73.49 ± 12.79 | 75.88 ± 13.00 | 0.027 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 29.51 ± 4.34 | 29.99 ± 4.52 | 29.31 ± 4.29 | 0.065 |
GS | 1.24 ± 0.25 | 1.20 ± 0.25 | 1.28 ± 0.24 | <0.001 |
BB | 30.53 ± 0.26 | 29.40 ± 7.62 | 31.79 ± 6.72 | <0.001 |
HRQoL | 68.57 ± 17.96 | 62.72 ± 18.78 | 71.88 ± 17.22 | <0.001 |
Total PA (score) | 7.30 ± 1.23 | 7.29 ± 1.14 | 7.35 ± 1.26 | 0.572 |
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Nascimento, M.d.M.; Gouveia, É.R.; Gouveia, B.R.; Marques, A.; França, C.; Freitas, D.L.; Campos, P.; Ihle, A. Exploring Mediation Effects of Gait Speed, Body Balance, and Falls in the Relationship between Physical Activity and Health-Related Quality of Life in Vulnerable Older Adults. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 14135. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114135
Nascimento MdM, Gouveia ÉR, Gouveia BR, Marques A, França C, Freitas DL, Campos P, Ihle A. Exploring Mediation Effects of Gait Speed, Body Balance, and Falls in the Relationship between Physical Activity and Health-Related Quality of Life in Vulnerable Older Adults. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(21):14135. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114135
Chicago/Turabian StyleNascimento, Marcelo de Maio, Élvio Rúbio Gouveia, Bruna R. Gouveia, Adilson Marques, Cíntia França, Duarte L. Freitas, Pedro Campos, and Andreas Ihle. 2022. "Exploring Mediation Effects of Gait Speed, Body Balance, and Falls in the Relationship between Physical Activity and Health-Related Quality of Life in Vulnerable Older Adults" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 21: 14135. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114135