Neck Circumference and Blood Pressure Measurements among Walter Sisulu University Students
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Geographical Area
2.2. Study Design
2.3. Ethical Consideration
2.4. Recruitment
2.5. Questionnaire Data
2.6. Anthropometric Measurements
Quality Control
2.7. Clinical Blood Pressure Measurements
2.8. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristics | Total Group (N = 127) | Female (N = 86) | Male (N = 41) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (Years) | 20.9 ± 2.4 | 20.2 ± 2.0 | 22.3 ± 2.5 | <0.001 |
NC (cm) | 32.6 ± 2.7 | 31.6 ± 1.9 | 34.8 ± 2.9 | <0.001 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 24.4 ± 4.2 | 24.2 ± 3.8 | 24.4 ± 5.0 | 0.800 |
WHtR | 0.5 ± 0.1 | 0.5 ± 0.1 | 0.5 ± 0.1 | 0.369 |
SBP (mmHg) | 107.8 ± 11.3 | 105.6 ± 10.9 | 112.3 ± 11.0 | 0.002 |
DBP (mmHg) | 68.7 ± 8.2 | 68.2 ± 8.2 | 69.6 ± 8.0 | 0.360 |
HR (bpm) | 78.0 ± 12.1 | 80.4 ± 12.0 | 73.1 ± 10.9 | 0.001 |
PP (mmHg) | 39.1 ± 7.9 | 37.4 ± 7.4 | 42.7 ± 7.7 | <0.001 |
Elevated BP, n (%) | 14 (11.0%) | 6 (7.0%) | 8 (19.5%) | 0.079 |
Prehypertension, n (%) | 7 (5.5%) | 4 (4.7%) | 3 (7.3%) | |
Smoking, n (%) | 17 (13.4%) | 5 (5.8%) | 12 (29.3%) | <0.001 |
Alcohol, n (%) | 43 (33.9%) | 14 (16.3%) | 29 (70.7%) | <0.001 |
Neck Circumference (cm) | |
---|---|
SBP (mmHg) | r = 0.5; p < 0.001 |
DBP (mmHg) | r = 0.3; p = 0.001 |
PP (mmHg) | r = 0.4; p < 0.001 |
SBP (mmHg) | DBP (mmHg) | PP (mmHg) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Adjusted R2 = 0.252 | Adjusted R2 = 0.096 | Adjusted R2 = 0.162 | ||||
Independent variables | β (95% CI) | p-value | β (95% CI) | p-value | β (95% CI) | p-value |
NC (cm) | 2.0 (1.1; 2.9) | <0.001 | 1.0 (0.3; 1.6) | 0.008 | 1.1 (0.4; 1.7) | <0.001 |
Age (years) | −0.1 (1; 0.8) | 0.848 | −0.1 (−0.7; 0.7) | 0.971 | −0.1 (−0.7; 0.6) | 0.825 |
Women/men, n (%) | −1.7 (−6.9; 3.5) | 0.520 | 1.8 (−2.3; 5.9) | 0.386 | −3.5 (−7.4; 0.3) | 0.072 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 1.1 (−0.1; 2.00) | 0.023 | 0.9 (0.1; 1.6) | 0.018 | 0.2 (−0.5; 0.9) | 0.588 |
WHtR | −58 (−118.6; 2.1) | 0.058 | −46 (−94.7; 1,0) | 0.055 | −11.4 (−55.8; 33.1) | 0.614 |
Smoking, n (%) | 3.5 (−2.3; 9.3) | 0.232 | 2.2 (−2.3; 6.8) | 0.338 | 1.3 (−1.0; 5.5) | 0.551 |
Alcohol, n (%) | −3.0 (−7.8; 1.7) | 0.206 | 0.0 (−3.7; 3.8) | 0.982 | −3.1 (−6.6; 0.4) | 0.082 |
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Ramoshaba, N.E.; Fihla, M.Q.; Mthethwa, W.S.; Tshangela, L.; Mampofu, Z.M. Neck Circumference and Blood Pressure Measurements among Walter Sisulu University Students. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 15235. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192215235
Ramoshaba NE, Fihla MQ, Mthethwa WS, Tshangela L, Mampofu ZM. Neck Circumference and Blood Pressure Measurements among Walter Sisulu University Students. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(22):15235. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192215235
Chicago/Turabian StyleRamoshaba, Nthai E., Mthetho Q. Fihla, Wenzile S. Mthethwa, Lisa Tshangela, and Zuqaqambe M. Mampofu. 2022. "Neck Circumference and Blood Pressure Measurements among Walter Sisulu University Students" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 22: 15235. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192215235