Non-Nitrogen-Fixers or Nitrogen-Fixers? Factors Distinguishing the Dominance of Chroococcal and Diazotrophic Cyanobacterial Species
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
Type of Reservoir | Geographical Coordinates | Supply by River | Max Depth [m] | Surface [ha] | TSI Index | Dominated Cyanobacteria | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Piekary | Oxbow lake | 50°00′50.1′′ N, 19°47′35.7′′ E | Vistula | 4 | 1.6 | 64.7 eutrophy | Dolichospermum spp. |
Tyniec | Oxbow lake | 50°01′47′′ N, 19°49′39.8′′ E | Vistula | 3 | 5.75 | 66.1 eutrophy | Microcystis ichthyoblabe and Woronichinia naegeliana |
Podkamycze 1 | Artificial pond | 50°05′11′′ N, 19°50′01.6′′ E | Rudawa | 3 | 16.82 | 57.8 eutrophy | Aphanizomenon flos-aqaue |
Podkamycze 2 | Artificial pond | 50°04′59.6′′ N, 19°50′05.4′′ E | Rudawa | 2 | 17.28 | 65.1 eutrophy | Aphanizomenon flos-aqaue |
Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Upper Layer-Decision Tree
3.2. Decision Tree- Near-Bottom Layer
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameter | Layer | Water Body | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
P | T | P1 | P2 | P | T | P1 | P2 | P | T | P1 | P2 | ||
Min–Max | Average | SD | |||||||||||
Water temperature [°C] | Upper | 8.7–24.3 | 9.3–24.7 | 7.2–23.4 | 8.4–25.6 | 17.4 | 17.8 | 17.4 | 18.9 | 4.7 | 4.6 | 4.2 | 4.3 |
Lower | 8.6–17.2 | 9.3–23.2 | 7.0–19.4 | 8.4–24.1 | 13.8 | 16.0 | 16.1 | 18.2 | 2.6 | 3.9 | 3.4 | 4.0 | |
Oxygen saturation [%] | Upper | 53.1–100.8 | 41.0–169.6 | 88.5–214.7 | 11.8–236.6 | 74.4 | 88.3 | 141.6 | 133.1 | 17.6 | 37.8 | 34.1 | 49.1 |
Lower | 2.6–53.3 | 2.2–61.2 | 30.3–182.1 | 16.4–226.2 | 30.7 | 27.4 | 113.4 | 123.5 | 17.2 | 19.5 | 36.5 | 49.2 | |
pH | Upper | 6.4–8.3 | 6.8–8.3 | 7.2–8.9 | 7.4–8.6 | 7.2 | 7.4 | 7.9 | 8.0 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.3 |
Lower | 5.5–7.5 | 6.4–7.7 | 7.5–8.6 | 7.6–8.5 | 6.5 | 7.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.3 | |
NO3− [mg/L] | Upper | 0.18–1.03 | nd-1.05 | 6.53–12.11 | 0.67–5.62 | 0.39 | 0.53 | 9.37 | 2.96 | 0.24 | 0.24 | 1.63 | 1.64 |
Lower | 0.14–3.50 | nd-4.08 | 7.57–13.65 | 0.85–6.05 | 0.56 | 0.74 | 10.72 | 3.04 | 0.98 | 1.03 | 1.24 | 1.76 | |
NH4+ [mg/L] | Upper | 0.03–0.56 | 0.03–0.78 | 0.02–0.56 | 0.02–0.56 | 0.18 | 0.22 | 0.14 | 0.15 | 0.16 | 0.22 | 0.15 | 0.17 |
Lower | 0.11–1.96 | 0.06–1.21 | 0.02–0.43 | 0.01–0.48 | 0.58 | 0.28 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.55 | 0.31 | 0.11 | 0.14 | |
PO43− [mg/L] | Upper | 0–0.189 | 0–0.490 | 0–0.538 | 0.021–0.432 | 0.059 | 0.147 | 0.184 | 0.098 | 0.054 | 0.159 | 0.167 | 0.095 |
Lower | 0–0.171 | 0–0.517 | 0–0.573 | 0–0.432 | 0.060 | 0.117 | 0.230 | 0.082 | 0.048 | 0.146 | 0.172 | 0.103 | |
SO42− [mg/L] | Upper | 21.2–78.1 | 75.9–100.1 | 50.5–58.9 | 50.1–62.9 | 36.7 | 84.7 | 54.9 | 55.6 | 14.5 | 6.4 | 2.4 | 4.1 |
Lower | 17.7–63.2 | 79.3–91.8 | 52.3–58.0 | 50.1–66.7 | 33.3 | 84.8 | 54.4 | 55.2 | 11.0 | 3.9 | 1.7 | 4.5 | |
Fe dissolved [µg/L] | Upper | 5.6–101.0 | 3.4–160.0 | 0.8–48.0 | 1.2–45.0 | 29.3 | 55.5 | 21.8 | 22.1 | 25.9 | 50.0 | 13.3 | 13.5 |
Lower | 4.7–159.0 | 1.9–204.4 | 1.6–66.0 | 3.0–55.0 | 40.0 | 49.2 | 23.5 | 24.9 | 41.8 | 53.3 | 17.2 | 15.0 | |
Cyanobacterial biomass [mg/L] | 0–0.354 | 0–12.830 | 0.11–5.61 | 0.06–9.23 | 0.11 | 4.65 | 1.33 | 2.15 | 0.12 | 3.77 | 1.41 | 3.10 |
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Wilk-Woźniak, E.; Szarek-Gwiazda, E.; Walusiak, E.; Kosiba, J.; Krztoń, W. Non-Nitrogen-Fixers or Nitrogen-Fixers? Factors Distinguishing the Dominance of Chroococcal and Diazotrophic Cyanobacterial Species. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 15980. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192315980
Wilk-Woźniak E, Szarek-Gwiazda E, Walusiak E, Kosiba J, Krztoń W. Non-Nitrogen-Fixers or Nitrogen-Fixers? Factors Distinguishing the Dominance of Chroococcal and Diazotrophic Cyanobacterial Species. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(23):15980. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192315980
Chicago/Turabian StyleWilk-Woźniak, Elżbieta, Ewa Szarek-Gwiazda, Edward Walusiak, Joanna Kosiba, and Wojciech Krztoń. 2022. "Non-Nitrogen-Fixers or Nitrogen-Fixers? Factors Distinguishing the Dominance of Chroococcal and Diazotrophic Cyanobacterial Species" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 23: 15980. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192315980