Validity and Reliability of the Parental Health Literacy Questionnaire for Caregivers of Children Aged 0 to 3 Years in China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Setting
2.2. Participants and Data Collection
2.3. Sampling Methods
2.4. Questionnaires and Measurements
2.4.1. Chinese Parental Health Literacy Questionnaire (CPHLQ)
2.4.2. Socio-Demographic Characteristics
2.4.3. Scoring Rules
2.5. Data Analysis
2.5.1. Reliability Analysis
2.5.2. Validity Analysis
2.5.3. Floor and Ceiling Effect
2.5.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Participants’ Characteristics
3.2. Reliability
3.3. Construct Validity
3.4. Floor and Ceiling Effect
3.5. Social Determinants of Parental Health Literacy
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristic | N = 634 | Total Score | t or F | p | Effect Size a | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | % | Mean ± SD | ||||
Respondent | ||||||
Mother | 490 | 77.29 | 156.74 ± 22.30 | 3.799 | <0.001 * | 0.387 |
Father/Other | 144 | 22.71 | 146.54 ± 29.86 | |||
Permanent residence registration | ||||||
Local residence | 524 | 82.65 | 154.65 ± 24.47 | 0.521 | 0.603 | 0.055 |
Non-local residence | 110 | 17.35 | 153.31 ± 25.12 | |||
Age of children | ||||||
0–1 year | 237 | 37.38 | 153.44 ± 27.14 | 0.312 | 0.732 | 0.001 |
1–2 years | 199 | 31.39 | 155.20 ± 24.24 | |||
2–3 years | 198 | 31.23 | 154.80 ± 21.55 | |||
Gender of children | ||||||
Male | 339 | 53.47 | 154.25 ± 24.98 | −0.184 | 0.854 | 0.015 |
Female | 295 | 46.53 | 154.61 ± 24.13 | |||
Only child | ||||||
Yes | 368 | 58.04 | 154.34 ± 25.23 | −0.099 | 0.922 | 0.008 |
No | 266 | 41.96 | 154.53 ± 23.67 | |||
Marital status of parents | ||||||
Married | 622 | 98.11 | 154.63 ± 24.08 | 0.865 | 0.405 | 0.310 |
Divorced/Widowed/Remarried | 12 | 1.89 | 143.75 ± 43.42 | |||
Education | ||||||
Junior school and below | 73 | 11.51 | 142.92 ± 29.98 | 14.78 | <0.001 * | 0.045 |
Senior high school/Vocational school | 316 | 49.84 | 152.99 ± 25.11 | |||
College and above | 245 | 38.64 | 159.69 ± 20.42 | |||
Family composition | ||||||
Nuclear/Extended family b | 628 | 99.05 | 154.79 ± 24.12 | 2.30 | 0.069 | 1.148 |
Single-parent family/Other | 6 | 0.95 | 116.10 ± 41.09 |
Dimension | Questions | Cronbach’s α | Split-Half Spearman-Brown |
---|---|---|---|
Gen-HL | 39 | 0.915 | 0.889 |
HC-HL | 12 | 0.831 | 0.722 |
DP-HL | 16 | 0.874 | 0.847 |
HP-HL | 11 | 0.619 | 0.650 |
Dimension | Questions | Cronbach’s α | Split-Half Spearman-Brown |
---|---|---|---|
Gen-HL | 35 | 0.918 | 0.870 |
HC-HL | 10 | 0.772 | 0.718 |
DP-HL | 17 | 0.856 | 0.840 |
HP-HL | 8 | 0.807 | 0.761 |
Model | χ2/df | RMSEA | GFI | CFI | IFI | PNFI |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HC-HL | 4.846 | 0.078 | 0.949 | 0.930 | 0.930 | 0.595 |
DP-HL | 4.808 | 0.078 | 0.911 | 0.920 | 0.921 | 0.707 |
HP-HL | 4.002 | 0.069 | 0.959 | 0.909 | 0.910 | 0.595 |
Model | χ2/df | RMSEA | GFI | CFI | IFI | PNFI |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HC-HL | 4.936 | 0.079 | 0.954 | 0.933 | 0.933 | 0.591 |
DP-HL | 4.443 | 0.074 | 0.920 | 0.900 | 0.901 | 0.708 |
HP-HL | 3.120 | 0.058 | 0.981 | 0.979 | 0.979 | 0.520 |
Dimension | Questions | Floor Effect | Ceiling Effect | |
---|---|---|---|---|
CPHLQ- Physical Part | Gen-HL | 39 | 0.00% | 0.00% |
HC-HL | 12 | 0.01% | 0.00% | |
DP-HL | 16 | 0.00% | 0.01% | |
HP-HL | 11 | 0.00% | 0.01% | |
CPHLQ- Psychological Part | Gen-HL | 35 | 0.00% | 0.00% |
HC-HL | 10 | 0.00% | 0.01% | |
DP-HL | 17 | 0.00% | 0.00% | |
HP-HL | 8 | 0.01% | 0.01% |
Characteristic | β | 95% CI | p | VIF | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lower | Upper | ||||
Respondent | |||||
Father/other | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | |
Mother | 0.152 | 0.076 | 0.228 | <0.001 * | 1.022 |
Permanent residence registration | |||||
Non-local | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | |
Local | 0.019 | −0.057 | 0.094 | 0.624 | 1.016 |
Age of children | |||||
0–1 year | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | |
1–2 years | 0.030 | −0.054 | 0.115 | 0.480 | 1.270 |
2–3 years | 0.046 | −0.039 | 0.131 | 0.288 | 1.282 |
Gender of children | |||||
Female | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | |
Male | 0.005 | −0.071 | 0.080 | 0.900 | 1.013 |
Only child | |||||
No | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | |
Yes | −0.023 | −0.099 | 0.054 | 0.557 | 1.042 |
Marital status of parents | |||||
Divorced/widowed/remarried | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | |
Married | 0.008 | −0.072 | 0.089 | 0.836 | 1.148 |
Education | |||||
Junior school and below | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | |
Senior high school/vocational school | 0.201 | 0.077 | 0.325 | 0.002 * | 2.737 |
College and above | 0.322 | 0.197 | 0.446 | <0.001 * | 2.774 |
Family composition | |||||
Single-parent family/other | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | |
Nuclear/extended family a | 0.128 | 0.047 | 0.209 | 0.002 * | 1.169 |
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Yin, A.; Bai, G.; Jiang, H.; Xiao, X.; Zhang, X.; Gu, H.; Zheng, M.; Li, M. Validity and Reliability of the Parental Health Literacy Questionnaire for Caregivers of Children Aged 0 to 3 Years in China. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 16076. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192316076
Yin A, Bai G, Jiang H, Xiao X, Zhang X, Gu H, Zheng M, Li M. Validity and Reliability of the Parental Health Literacy Questionnaire for Caregivers of Children Aged 0 to 3 Years in China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(23):16076. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192316076
Chicago/Turabian StyleYin, Anxin, Guannan Bai, Hong Jiang, Xia Xiao, Xinwen Zhang, Huaiting Gu, Min Zheng, and Mu Li. 2022. "Validity and Reliability of the Parental Health Literacy Questionnaire for Caregivers of Children Aged 0 to 3 Years in China" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 23: 16076. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192316076