Association between Perceived Organizational Support for Infection Prevention and Work Engagement during the COVID-19 Pandemic among Japanese Workers: A Prospective Cohort Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Assessment of Work Engagement
2.3. Assessment of POS for Infection Prevention (POS-IP) at Baseline
2.4. Assessment of Covariates
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Very Low | Low | High | Very High | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number of participants | 975 | 2137 | 6741 | 2030 | |
Age (y), mean (SD) | 47.2 (8.8) | 47.0 (9.6) | 47.7 (9.7) | 47.7 (10.2) | |
Sex | |||||
Male | 543 (55.7%) | 1269 (59.4%) | 3838 (56.9%) | 1022 (50.3%) | |
Yearly household income (million JPY) | |||||
<2.50 | 258 (26.5%) | 376 (17.6%) | 1080 (16.0%) | 300 (14.8%) | |
2.50–3.74 | 288 (29.5%) | 658 (30.8%) | 1796 (26.6%) | 470 (23.2%) | |
3.75–4.99 | 212 (21.7%) | 587 (27.5%) | 1766 (26.2%) | 493 (24.3%) | |
≥5.00 | 217 (22.3%) | 516 (24.1%) | 2099 (31.1%) | 767 (37.8%) | |
Educational background | |||||
Junior high school | 20 (2.1%) | 27 (1.3%) | 67 (1.0%) | 20 (1.0%) | |
High school | 324 (33.2%) | 554 (25.9%) | 1669 (24.8%) | 450 (22.2%) | |
Junior college/technical school | 210 (21.5%) | 449 (21.0%) | 1432 (21.2%) | 487 (24.0%) | |
University | 374 (38.4%) | 1000 (46.8%) | 3115 (46.2%) | 951 (46.8%) | |
Graduate school | 47 (4.8%) | 107 (5.0%) | 458 (6.8%) | 122 (6.0%) | |
Marital status | |||||
Married | 474 (48.6%) | 1205 (56.4%) | 3935 (58.4%) | 1217 (60.0%) | |
Divorced or widowed | 126 (12.9%) | 187 (8.8%) | 588 (8.7%) | 211 (10.4%) | |
Unmarried | 375 (38.5%) | 745 (34.9%) | 2218 (32.9%) | 602 (29.7%) | |
Occupation | |||||
General employee | 606 (62.2%) | 1212 (56.7%) | 3330 (49.4%) | 858 (42.3%) | |
Manager | 74 (7.6%) | 243 (11.4%) | 894 (13.3%) | 258 (12.7%) | |
Executive manager | 16 (1.6%) | 52 (2.4%) | 300 (4.5%) | 105 (5.2%) | |
Public employee, faculty member, or non-profit organization | 96 (9.8%) | 277 (13.0%) | 939 (13.9%) | 245 (12.1%) | |
Temporary/contract employee | 84 (8.6%) | 221 (10.3%) | 704 (10.4%) | 181 (8.9%) | |
Professional occupation (lawyer, tax accountant, medical) | 53 (5.4%) | 95 (4.4%) | 412 (6.1%) | 295 (14.5%) | |
Other occupation | 46 (4.7%) | 37 (1.7%) | 162 (2.4%) | 88 (4.3%) | |
Number of employees in the workplace | |||||
1–9 | 216 (22.2%) | 306 (14.3%) | 898 (13.3%) | 306 (15.1%) | |
10–100 | 329 (33.7%) | 673 (31.5%) | 1754 (26.0%) | 454 (22.4%) | |
100–999 | 231 (23.7%) | 606 (28.4%) | 1901 (28.2%) | 613 (30.2%) | |
≥1000 | 199 (20.4%) | 552 (25.8%) | 2188 (32.5%) | 657 (32.4%) | |
Number of infection control measures in the workplace, mean (SD) | 2.9 (2.7) | 4.2 (2.6) | 5.6 (2.4) | 6.3 (2.1) | |
Work engagement (UWES-3; range: 0–6), mean (SD) | 1.5 (1.5) | 2.0 (1.4) | 2.5 (1.4) | 2.9 (1.6) |
Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Coef. | 95% CI | p-Value | Coef. | 95% CI | p-Value | Coef. | 95% CI | p-Value | |
Perceived organizational support for infection prevention | |||||||||
Very low | ref | <0.001 † | ref | <0.001 † | ref | <0.001 † | |||
Low | 0.51 | 0.41–0.62 | <0.001 | 0.44 | 0.34–0.55 | <0.001 | 0.16 | 0.08–0.24 | <0.001 |
High | 0.95 | 0.86–1.04 | <0.001 | 0.80 | 0.70–0.89 | <0.001 | 0.30 | 0.22–0.37 | <0.001 |
Very high | 1.40 | 1.29–1.50 | <0.001 | 1.17 | 1.06–1.28 | <0.001 | 0.46 | 0.37–0.54 | <0.001 |
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Odagami, K.; Nagata, T.; Mafune, K.; Ando, H.; Tateishi, S.; Kuwamura, M.; Matsugaki, R.; Fujino, Y.; Mori, K.; on behalf of the CORoNaWork Project. Association between Perceived Organizational Support for Infection Prevention and Work Engagement during the COVID-19 Pandemic among Japanese Workers: A Prospective Cohort Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 16142. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192316142
Odagami K, Nagata T, Mafune K, Ando H, Tateishi S, Kuwamura M, Matsugaki R, Fujino Y, Mori K, on behalf of the CORoNaWork Project. Association between Perceived Organizational Support for Infection Prevention and Work Engagement during the COVID-19 Pandemic among Japanese Workers: A Prospective Cohort Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(23):16142. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192316142
Chicago/Turabian StyleOdagami, Kiminori, Tomohisa Nagata, Kosuke Mafune, Hajime Ando, Seiichiro Tateishi, Mami Kuwamura, Ryutaro Matsugaki, Yoshihisa Fujino, Koji Mori, and on behalf of the CORoNaWork Project. 2022. "Association between Perceived Organizational Support for Infection Prevention and Work Engagement during the COVID-19 Pandemic among Japanese Workers: A Prospective Cohort Study" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 23: 16142. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192316142