Suicidal Ideation, Planning, and Attempts among Canadian Coast Guard and Conservation and Protection Officers
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Procedure
2.2. Data and Sample
2.3. Self-Report Measures
2.3.1. Self-Report Measures Related to Suicidal Ideation, Planning, and Attempts
2.3.2. Self-Report Measures Related to Mental Disorders
2.4. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
4. Discussion
Strengths and Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Lifetime | Past-Year | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ideation | Planning | Attempts | Ideation | Planning | Attempts | ||
% (n) | % (n) | % (n) | % (n) | % (n) | % (n) | ||
Total Sample | All (n = 385) | 25.7 (99) | 10.9 (42) | 5.5 (21) | 7.5 (29) | 2.1 (8) | ^ |
CCG (n = 276) | 27.5 (76) | 12.0 (33) | 4.7 (13) | 8.0 (22) | 2.5 (7) | ^ | |
C&P (n = 107) | 19.6 (21) | 7.5 (8) | 7.5 (8) | 4.7 (5) | ^ | - | |
Men | All (n = 227) | 23.3 (53) | 9.7 (22) | 4.8 (11) | 7.5 (17) | ^ | ^ |
CCG (n = 155) | 23.9 (37) | 11.6 (18) | 3.2 (5) | 8.4 (13) | ^ | ^ | |
C&P (n = 71) | 21.1 (15) | ^ | 8.5 (6) | ^ | - | - | |
Women | All (n = 150) | 29.3 (44) | 13.3 (20) | 6.7 (10) | 8.0 (12) | ^ | - |
CCG (n = 115) | 32.2 (37) | 13.0 (15) | 7.0 (8) | 7.8 (9) | ^ | - | |
C&P (n = 34) | 17.6 (6) | ^ | ^ | ^ | ^ | - |
Total (n = 385) | Ideation | Planning | Attempts | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
% (n) | % (n) | OR (95% CI) | % (n) | OR (95% CI) | % (n) | OR (95% CI) | |
Gender | |||||||
Men | 59.0 (227) | 23.3 (53) | 1 | 9.7 (22) | 1 | 4.8 (11) | 1 |
Non-binary | 1.3 (5) | ^ | ^ | - | - | - | - |
Two-spirit | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Women | 39.0 (150) | 29.3 (44) | 1.36 (0.85, 2.17) | 13.3 (20) | 1.45 (0.76, 2.75) | 6.7 (10) | 1.40 (0.58, 3.37) |
Sex | |||||||
Male | 59.7 (230) | 23.9 (55) | 1 | 10.0 (23) | 1 | 4.3 (10) | 1 |
Female | 39.7 (153) | 28.8 (44) | 1.28 (0.81, 2.04) | 12.4 (19) | 1.29 (0.67, 2.45) | 7.2 (11) | 1.70 (0.70, 4.10) |
Age | |||||||
19–29 | 12.7 (49) | 14.3 (7) | 1 | ^ | - | ^ | - |
30–39 | 28.8 (111) | 25.2 (28) | 2.02 (0.82, 5.02) | 10.8 (12) | - | 6.3 (7) | - |
40–49 | 28.1 (108) | 30.6 (33) | 2.64 (1.08, 6.49) * | 16.7 (18) | - | 6.5 (7) | - |
50–59 | 23.6 (91) | 29.7 (27) | 2.53 (1.01, 6.34) * | 8.8 (8) | - | 5.5 (5) | - |
60+ | 5.5 (21) | ^ | 1.41 (0.34, 5.45) | ^ | - | ^ | - |
Education | |||||||
High School or Less | 9.1 (35) | 17.1 (6) | 1 | ^ | - | ^ | - |
College Program (e.g., Trade School; 2-Year College Diploma) | 39.7 (153) | 28.1 (43) | 1.89 (0.73,4.87) | 14.4 (22) | - | 7.8 (12) | - |
Coast Guard College: Graduated Fleet | 10.1 (39) | 23.1 (9) | 1.45 (0.46,4.59) | ^ | - | ^ | - |
Coast Guard College: MCTS Officer Training | 2.3 (9) | ^ | 2.42 (0.47,12.47) | ^ | - | ^ | - |
University Degree (4-year College or Higher) | 33.5 (129) | 27.1 (35) | 1.80 (0.69,4.70) | 7.8 (10) | - | 5.4 (7) | - |
Ethnicity | |||||||
Asian | 2.3 (9) | ^ | - | ^ | - | ^ | - |
Black | ^ | ^ | - | ^ | - | ^ | - |
Hispanic | ^ | ^ | - | ^ | - | ^ | - |
Indigenous (i.e., First Nations, Inuit, Métis) | 3.4 (13) | ^ | - | ^ | - | ^ | - |
South Asian | ^ | ^ | - | ^ | - | ^ | - |
Caucasian | 88.1 (339) | 25.1 (85) | - | 10.0 (34) | - | 5.3 (18) | - |
Prefer Not to Answer | 1.3 (5) | ^ | - | ^ | - | ^ | - |
Other | 3.9 (15) | 53.3 (8) | - | 33.3 (5) | - | ^ | - |
Marital Status | |||||||
Single | 22.1 (85) | 27.1 (23) | 1 | 10.6 (9) | 1 | ^ | - |
Married/Common Law | 68.1 (262) | 23.3 (61) | 0.82 (0.47, 1.43) | 9.9 (26) | 0.93 (0.42, 2.07) | 5.7 (15) | - |
Separated/Divorced | 7.5 (29) | 44.8 (13) | 2.19 (0.91, 5.25) | 17.2 (5) | 1.76 (0.54, 5.76) | ^ | - |
Widowed | ^ | ^ | 2.70 (0.16, 44.90) | ^ | 8.44 (0.49, 146.96) | ^ | - |
Province of Work | |||||||
British Columbia | 56.4 (217) | 76.0 (165) | 1 | 10.6 (23) | 1 | 4.1 (9) | 1 |
New Brunswick | 1.8 (7) | ^ | 0.53 (0.06, 4.49) | ^ | - | ^ | - |
Newfoundland and Labrador | 7.3 (28) | 25.0 (7) | 1.06 (0.43, 2.63) | ^ | 1.01 (0.28, 3.62) | ^ | - |
Northern Territories (YK, NWT, NVT) | ^ | ^ | - | ^ | - | ^ | - |
Nova Scotia | 9.6 (37) | 35.1 (13) | 1.72 (0.82, 3.62) | 13.5 (5) | 1.32 (0.47, 3.72) | 13.5 (5) | 3.59 (1.13, 11.41) * |
Ontario | 11.7 (45) | 37.8 (17) | 1.93 (0.98, 3.80) | 15.6 (7) | 1.60 (0.64, 3.99) | ^ | 1.64 (0.43, 6.33) |
Québec | 12.7 (49) | 18.4 (9) | 0.71 (0.32, 1.57) | ^ | 0.75 (0.25, 2.28) | ^ | 2.04 (0.60, 6.93) |
Previous Work Experience | |||||||
Neither | 71.9 (277) | 23.8 (66) | 1 | 10.1 (28) | 1 | 4.3 (12) | 1 |
Public Safety Only | 16.9 (65) | 30.8 (20) | 1.42 (0.78, 2.58) | 12.3 (8) | 1.24 (0.54, 2.87) | 7.7 (5) | 1.83 (0.62, 5.40) |
CAF Only | 8.6 (33) | 24.2 (8) | 1.02 (0.44, 2.38) | ^ | 0.57 (0.13, 2.52) | ^ | 0.69 (0.09, 5.46) |
CAF and Public Safety | 2.6 (10) | 50.5 (5) | 3.20 (0.90, 11.38) | ^ | 5.91 (1.57, 22.20) | ^ | 9.43 (2.17, 41.05) ** |
Occupation Category | |||||||
CCG | 71.7 (276) | 27.5 (76) | 1 | 12.0 (33) | 1 | 4.7 (13) | 1 |
C&P | 27.8 (107) | 19.6 (21) | 0.64 (0.37, 1.11) | 7.5 (8) | 0.59 (0.26, 1.33) | 7.5 (8) | 1.63 (0.66, 4.05) |
Ideation | Planning | Attempts | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
% (n) | OR (95% CI) | % (n) | OR (95% CI) | % (n) | OR (95% CI) | |
Gender | ||||||
Men | 7.5 (17) | 1 | ^ | - | ^ | - |
Non-binary | ^ | ^ | - | - | - | - |
Two-spirit | - | - | - | - | ||
Women | 8.0 (12) | 0.79 (0.33, 1.91) | ^ | - | ^ | - |
Sex | ||||||
Male | 7.8 (18) | 1 | ^ | - | ^ | - |
Female | 7.2 (11) | 0.69 (0.28, 1.66) | ^ | - | ^ | - |
Age | ||||||
19–29 | ^ | - | ^ | - | ^ | - |
30–39 | 9.0 (10) | - | ^ | - | ^ | - |
40–49 | 6.5 (7) | - | ^ | - | ^ | - |
50–59 | 11.0 (10) | - | ^ | - | ^ | - |
60 + | ^ | - | ^ | - | ^ | - |
Education | ||||||
High School or Less | ^ | - | ^ | - | - | - |
College Program (e.g., Trade School; 2-Year College Diploma) | 9.8 (15) | - | ^ | - | - | - |
Coast Guard College: Graduated Fleet | ^ | - | ^ | - | - | - |
Coast Guard College: MCTS Officer Training | ^ | - | ^ | - | - | - |
University Degree (4-year College or Higher) | 7.8 (10) | - | ^ | - | - | - |
Ethnicity | ||||||
Asian | ^ | - | ^ | - | ^ | - |
Black | ^ | - | ^ | - | ^ | - |
Hispanic | ^ | - | ^ | - | ^ | - |
Indigenous (i.e., First Nations, Inuit, Métis) | ^ | - | ^ | - | ^ | - |
South Asian | ^ | - | ^ | - | ^ | - |
Caucasian | 7.4 (25) | - | 2.1 (7) | - | ^ | - |
Prefer Not to Answer | ^ | - | ^ | - | ^ | - |
Other | ^ | - | ^ | - | ^ | - |
Marital Status | ||||||
Single | 9.4 (8) | 1 | ^ | - | - | - |
Married/Common Law | 5.0 (13) | 0.51 (0.18, 1.46) | ^ | - | - | - |
Separated/Divorced | 20.7 (6) | 1.61 (0.40, 6.44) | ^ | - | - | - |
Widowed | ^ | - | ^ | - | - | - |
Province of Work | ||||||
British Columbia | 8.3 (18) | 1 | 2.8 (6) | 1 | ^ | - |
New Brunswick | ^ | - | ^ | - | ^ | - |
Newfoundland and Labrador | ^ | 0.76 (0.13, 4.29) | ^ | - | ^ | - |
Northern Territories (YK, NWT, NVT) | ^ | - | ^ | - | ^ | - |
Nova Scotia | ^ | 0.57 (0.14, 2.32) | ^ | - | ^ | - |
Ontario | ^ | 0.58 (0.17, 2.05) | ^ | 0.47 (0.05, 4.77) | ^ | - |
Québec | ^ | 0.54 (0.10, 2.87) | ^ | 0.94 (0.08, 10.91) | ^ | - |
Previous Work Experience | ||||||
Neither | 7.2 (20) | 1 | 1.8 (5) | 1 | ^ | - |
Public Safety Only | 10.8 (7) | 1.24 (0.43, 3.57) | ^ | 1.53 (0.24, 9.95) | ^ | - |
CAF Only | ^ | 0.33 (0.04, 2.85) | ^ | - | ^ | - |
CAF and Public Safety | ^ | 0.58 (0.06, 5.47) | ^ | 1.53 (0.13, 17.97) | ^ | - |
Occupation Category | ||||||
CCG | 8.0 (22) | 1 | 2.5 (7) | 1 | ^ | - |
C&P | 4.7 (5) | 0.77 (0.25, 2.35) | ^ | 0.53 (0.06, 5.06) | ^ | - |
PTSD | MDD | GAD | SAD | PD | AUD | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |
Lifetime | ||||||
Ideation | 5.14 (2.87, 9.19) *** | 3.13 (1.90, 5.16) *** | 1.74 (0.96, 3.15) | 2.63 (1.55, 4.46) *** | 2.15 (1.02, 4.55) * | 1.88 (0.82, 4.33) |
Planning | 4.94 (2.46, 9.93) *** | 2.68 (1.38, 5.19) ** | 1.62 (0.73, 3.61) | 3.56 (1.80, 7.05) *** | 2.65 (1.06, 6.64) * | 1.47 (0.48, 4.53) |
Attempt | 4.15 (1.62, 10.65) ** | 3.72 (1.52, 9.06) ** | 1.72 (0.61, 4.90) | 3.64 (1.48, 8.91) ** | 2.56 (0.81, 8.14) | 1.31 (0.29, 5.96) |
Past-Year | ||||||
Ideation | 2.12 (0.86, 5.26) | 5.19 (2.03, 13.25) *** | 3.54 (1.30, 9.70) * | 1.64 (0.66, 4.08) | 2.33 (0.70, 7.72) | 0.53 (0.11, 2.69) |
Planning | 3.06 (0.62, 15.06) | 5.50 (0.96, 31.59) | 2.70 (0.50, 14.53) | 10.50 (1.13, 97.91) * | 4.05 (0.69, 23.90) | - |
Attempt | - | - | - | - | - | - |
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Nisbet, J.; Jamshidi, L.; Andrews, K.L.; Teckchandani, T.A.; Price, J.A.B.; Ricciardelli, R.; Anderson, G.S.; Carleton, R.N. Suicidal Ideation, Planning, and Attempts among Canadian Coast Guard and Conservation and Protection Officers. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 16318. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192316318
Nisbet J, Jamshidi L, Andrews KL, Teckchandani TA, Price JAB, Ricciardelli R, Anderson GS, Carleton RN. Suicidal Ideation, Planning, and Attempts among Canadian Coast Guard and Conservation and Protection Officers. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(23):16318. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192316318
Chicago/Turabian StyleNisbet, Jolan, Laleh Jamshidi, Katie L. Andrews, Taylor A. Teckchandani, Jill A. B. Price, Rosemary Ricciardelli, Gregory S. Anderson, and R. Nicholas Carleton. 2022. "Suicidal Ideation, Planning, and Attempts among Canadian Coast Guard and Conservation and Protection Officers" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 23: 16318. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192316318