The Role of Recreation Specialization and Self-Efficacy on Life Satisfaction: The Mediating Effect of Flow Experience
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Method
2.1. Participants
2.2. Measurements
2.3. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Descriptive Statistics, Correlation Analysis, and Reliability Testing
3.2. Testing of Hypothese 1–7
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristics | Frequency (n) | Percentage (%) |
---|---|---|
Sex | ||
Male | 269 | 66.6 |
Female | 135 | 33.4 |
Age | ||
18–29 | 242 | 59.9 |
30–44 | 126 | 31.2 |
45–60 | 29 | 7.2 |
61 and above | 7 | 1.7 |
Marital status | ||
Unmarried | 251 | 62.1 |
Married | 146 | 36.1 |
Divorced or widowed | 7 | 1.7 |
Education | ||
High school or below | 27 | 6.7 |
College or university | 284 | 70.3 |
Postgraduate | 93 | 23.0 |
Income (per year) | ||
US $3000 and below | 206 | 51.0 |
US $3001–US $7500 | 39 | 9.7 |
US $7501–US $18,000 | 73 | 18.1 |
US $18,000 and above | 86 | 21.3 |
Membership in a running group | ||
Joined | 277 | 68.6 |
Not joined | 127 | 31.4 |
Constructs | M | SD | α | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 BEH | 2.89 | 1.04 | 0.67 | 1 | ||||||
2 COG | 3.47 | 0.99 | 0.89 | 0.40 *** | 1 | |||||
3 AFF | 3.62 | 0.94 | 0.89 | 0.45 *** | 0.66 *** | 1 | ||||
4 SEE | 7.36 | 2.28 | 0.93 | 0.48 *** | 0.53 *** | 0.61 *** | 1 | |||
5 FOP | 5.44 | 1.10 | 0.95 | 0.36 *** | 0.53 *** | 0.59 *** | 0.59 *** | 1 | ||
6 ABA | 5.30 | 1.13 | 0.88 | 0.35 *** | 0.55 *** | 0.63 *** | 0.62 *** | 0.79 *** | 1 | |
7 LIS | 5.10 | 1.19 | 0.92 | 0.24 *** | 0.49 *** | 0.48 *** | 0.54 *** | 0.69 *** | 0.72 *** | 1 |
No. | Hypothesis | Direct Effects | Indirect Effects | Total Effects | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Beta | t Value | Beta | t Value | Beta | t Value | ||
H1 | SE → FE | 0.37 | 2.72 ** | ||||
H2 | RS → FE | 0.42 | 3.43 *** | ||||
H3 | FE → LS | 0.62 | 4.12 *** | ||||
H4 | SE → LS | 0.15 | 3.07 ** | 0.37 | 6.89 *** | ||
H5 | RS → LS | 0.02 | 0.41 NS | 0.28 | 4.89 *** | ||
H6 | SE → FE → LS | 0.23 | 6.552 *** | ||||
H7 | RS → FE → LS | 0.26 | 6.959 *** |
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Tian, H.; Zhou, W.; Qiu, Y.; Zou, Z. The Role of Recreation Specialization and Self-Efficacy on Life Satisfaction: The Mediating Effect of Flow Experience. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 3243. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19063243
Tian H, Zhou W, Qiu Y, Zou Z. The Role of Recreation Specialization and Self-Efficacy on Life Satisfaction: The Mediating Effect of Flow Experience. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(6):3243. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19063243
Chicago/Turabian StyleTian, Haibo, Wenting Zhou, Yajun Qiu, and Zheng Zou. 2022. "The Role of Recreation Specialization and Self-Efficacy on Life Satisfaction: The Mediating Effect of Flow Experience" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 6: 3243. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19063243