Mediterranean Style Dietary Pattern with High Intensity Interval Training in Men with Prostate Cancer Treated with Androgen Deprivation Therapy: A Pilot Randomised Control Trial
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Randomisation
2.2. Intervention Nutrition and Exercise Prescription
2.3. Usual Care (Control Group)
2.4. Outcomes
Cardiorespiratory Fitness
2.5. Physical Traits and Body Composition
2.6. Intervention Fidelity
- (a)
- All intervention and usual care adverse events were reported to the primary investigator as a measure of intervention safety. Adverse events were defined as an untoward injury or medical occurrence from the intervention (MED-diet) or outcome measures which interfered with the capacity of the participant to carry out their usual activities. Adverse events were also monitored at each nutrition consultation for common signs and symptoms of dietary change (e.g., gastrointestinal tolerance).
- (b)
- Intervention completion was measured by the number of participants completing baseline, 12- and 20-week testing sessions.
- (c)
- Attendance at the MED-diet consultations was measured by the number of sessions attended, divided by the number of sessions prescribed.
- (d)
- Adherence to the MED-diet was measured by the Mediterranean-diet adherence screener (MEDAS) [28]; a 14-question (yes/no) response to the frequency of food groups was included in the MED-diet. The total responses of ‘yes’ were tallied to provide an overall dietary adherence to the MED-diet. Question 8 (how much wine do you drink; ≥7 glasses = adherence) was omitted from the MEDAS due to the intervention promoting a reduction in alcohol intake. High adherence was classified as meeting a priori cut point of ≥75% of the 13-question MEDAS.
- (e)
- Adherence to exercise intensity was quantified by two measures. Mean HR was calculated using a combination of data points collected throughout the exercise intervals and recovery periods. Mean HR was calculated using all data points collected at 1-s epochs throughout the designated interval or recovery period. Time to reach 85% of HRpeak was measured at the start of each interval and recorded in minutes: seconds. Adherence was determined by reaching 85% HRpeak and quantified by the time spent exercising ≥85% HRpeak for each interval. Rating of perceived exertion (RPE) for each interval was also used as a measure of exercise intensity.
2.7. Cancer-Related Fatigue and Quality of Life
2.8. Change in Dietary Intake
2.9. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Intervention Adherence
3.2. Cardiorespiratory Fitness
3.3. Body Composition
3.4. Quality of Life
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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All (n = 23) | Intervention (n = 12) | Usual Care (n = 11) | |
---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 65.9 ± 7.8 | 66.6 ± 7.6 | 65.1 ± 7.9 |
Height (cm) | 177.7 ± 6.7 | 177.2 ± 7.5 | 178.3 ± 5.7 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 28.9 ± 3.4 | 27.4 ± 3.0 | 30.6 ± 2.9 |
Married (%) | 56.5 | 54.5 | 58.3 |
Past smoker (%) | 56.5 | 63.3 | 58.3 |
Meeting PA guidelines (%) | 43.4 | 27.2 | 58.3 |
Gleason Score | 8.4 ± 1.1 | 8.1 ± 0.9 | 8.7 ± 1.2 |
Prostate Specific Antigen concentration (ng/mL) | 1.1 ± 1.3 | 1.3 ± 1.2 | 1.0 ± 1.3 |
Time since diagnosis (months) | 64.8 ± 53.2 | 77.1 ± 58.8 | 51.3 ± 42.4 |
Time on ADT (months) | 33.8 ± 35.6 | 36.4 ± 38.3 | 31.0 ± 32.2 |
Previous radiation (%) | 65.2 | 66.6 | 63.6 |
Duration of radiation (months) | 2.2 ± 1.6 | 2.4 ± 2.1 | 2.0 ± 0.1 |
Previous chemotherapy (%) | 17.3 | 16.6 | 18.1 |
Duration of chemotherapy (months) | 3.2 ± 1.6 | 4.0 ± 2.0 | 2.5 ± 0.5 |
Previous prostatectomy (%) | 30.4 | 8.6 | 45.4 |
Group | n | Baseline | p Value | n | 12 Weeks | p Value (0 vs. 12 Weeks) | p Value a (INT vs. UC) | n | 20 Weeks | p Value (0 vs. 20 Weeks) | p Value (12 vs. 20 Weeks) | p Value b (INT vs. UC) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Energy (MJ/day) | INT | 12 | 10.3 (9.1, 10.9) | 0.689 | 11 | 8.6 (7.6, 9.5) | 0.032 | 0.057 | 9 | 8.2 (7.2, 9.2) | 0.014 | >0.999 | 0.019 |
UC | 11 | 9.7 (8.8, 10.7) | 10 | 9.9 (8.9, 10.9) | >0.999 | 10 | 9.9 (8.9, 10.9) | >0.999 | >0.999 | ||||
Protein (g/day) | INT | 12 | 110.1 (99.7, 120) | 0.601 | 11 | 108.8 (97.9, 119) | >0.999 | 0.850 | 9 | 103.7 (91.7, 115.7) | >0.999 | >0.999 | 0.211 |
UC | 11 | 106.1 (95.2, 117) | 10 | 107.3 (95.9, 118) | >0.999 | 10 | 114.2 (102.8, 125.6) | >0.999 | >0.999 | ||||
Fat (g/day) | INT | 12 | 91.7 (78.7, 104) | 0.776 | 11 | 76.5 (63.0, 90.0) | 0.316 | 0.048 | 9 | 79.8 (65.1, 94.5) | 0.766 | >0.999 | 0.190 |
UC | 11 | 89.0 (75.4, 102) | 10 | 96.3 (82.1, 110) | >0.999 | 10 | 93.4 (79.2, 107.5) | >0.999 | >0.999 | ||||
Saturated fat (g/day) | INT | 12 | 33.6 (28.7, 38.9) | 0.477 | 11 | 17.2 (11.6, 22.8) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 9 | 20.6 (14.5, 26.7) | 0.002 | 0.674 | 0.001 |
UC | 11 | 30.8 (24.8, 36.4) | 10 | 34.0 (28.1, 39.9) | >0.999 | 10 | 34.8 (28.9, 40.7) | >0.999 | >0.999 | ||||
Polyunsaturated fat (g/day) | INT | 12 | 15.9 (12.5, 19.2) | 0.952 | 11 | 20.8 (17.4, 24.3) | 0.043 | 0.065 | 9 | 18.4 (14.8, 22.1) | 0.183 | 0.222 | 0.280 |
UC | 11 | 16.0 (12.5, 19.5) | 10 | 16.2 (12.6, 19.8) | >0.999 | 10 | 15.6 (11.9, 19.3) | 0.833 | 0.765 | ||||
Monounsaturated fat (g/day) | INT | 12 | 39.2 (31.5, 47.0) | 0.770 | 11 | 37.5 (29.5, 45.5) | >0.999 | 0.442 | 9 | 36.0 (27.2, 44.7) | 0.526 | 0.767 | 0.763 |
UC | 11 | 40.9 (32.9, 48.9) | 10 | 42.0 (33.6, 50.4) | >0.999 | 10 | 34.1 (25.3, 42.9) | 0.198 | 0.140 | ||||
LCN3FA (g/day) | INT | 12 | 0.80 (0.43, 1.18) | 0.800 | 11 | 1.42 (1.03, 1.81) | 0.033 | 0.013 | 9 | 1.2 (0.7, 1.6) | 0.090 | 0.344 | 0.145 |
UC | 11 | 0.73 (0.34, 1.13) | 10 | 0.69 (0.28, 1.10) | >0.999 | 10 | 0.7 (0.3, 1.1) | 0.943 | 0.803 | ||||
ALA (g/day) | INT | 12 | 1.71 (0.80, 2.61) | 0.984 | 11 | 2.68 (1.74, 3.62) | 0.272 | 0.184 | 9 | 3.1 (2.1, 4.1) | 0.013 | 0.483 | 0.587 |
UC | 11 | 1.72 (0.78, 2.66) | 10 | 1.77 (0.79, 2.75) | >0.999 | 10 | 1.7 (0.7, 2.7) | 0.933 | 0.998 | ||||
Linoleic acid (g/day) | INT | 12 | 13.0 (10.4, 15.6) | 0.917 | 11 | 15.4 (12.7, 18.0) | 0.573 | 0.301 | 9 | 14.1 (11.2, 16.9) | 0.479 | 0.392 | 0.490 |
UC | 11 | 13.2 (10.5, 15.9) | 10 | 13.3 (10.6, 16.1) | >0.999 | 10 | 12.6 (9.7, 15.5) | 0.725 | 0.648 | ||||
Cholesterol (g/day) | INT | 12 | 338 (259, 417) | 0.369 | 11 | 316 (233, 399) | >0.999 | 0.834 | 9 | 244 (153, 335) | 0.104 | 0.221 | 0.244 |
UC | 11 | 286 (203, 368) | 10 | 303 (217, 390) | >0.999 | 10 | 320 (229, 412) | 0.554 | 0.774 | ||||
Carbohydrates (g/day) | INT | 12 | 238 (209, 267) | 0.820 | 11 | 197 (167, 227) | 0.064 | 0.231 | 9 | 180.0 (147.3, 212.6) | 0.009 | 0.978 | 0.065 |
UC | 11 | 233 (203, 264) | 10 | 224 (192, 256) | >0.999 | 10 | 222.9 (191.2, 254.6) | >0.999 | >0.999 | ||||
Fibre (g/day) | INT | 12 | 34.6 (30.8, 38.4) | 0.976 | 11 | 47.0 (43.0, 50.9) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 9 | 44.7 (40.5, 49.0) | <0.001 | 0.330 | 0.010 |
UC | 11 | 34.6 (30.6–38.5) | 10 | 34.9 (30.8, 39.0) | >0.999 | 10 | 36.9 (32.7, 41.0) | >0.999 | >0.999 | ||||
Ethanol (g/day) | INT | 12 | 15.3 (9.26, 21.5) | 0.401 | 11 | 4.9 (1.4, 11.3) | 0.018 | 0.051 | 9 | 3.2 (1.3, 10.0) | 0.002 | 0.635 | 0.012 |
UC | 11 | 13.4 (6.96, 19.8) | 10 | 14.2 (7.51, 20.9) | >0.999 | 10 | 15.6 (8.9, 22.3) | 0.551 | 0.706 | ||||
Fruit (servings/day) | INT | 12 | 2.21 (1.68, 2.75) | 0.960 | 11 | 2.46 (1.91, 3.01) | >0.999 | 0.019 | 9 | 2.3 (1.7, 2.9) | >0.999 | >0.999 | 0.223 |
UC | 11 | 2.23 (1.68, 2.79) | 10 | 1.50 (0.92, 2.07) | 0.122 | 10 | 1.7 (1.2, 2.3) | 0.640 | 0.986 | ||||
Vegetables (servings/day) | INT | 12 | 4.28 (3.33, 5.22) | 0.943 | 11 | 8.22 (7.24, 9.20) | <0.001 | 0.001 | 9 | 7.3 (6.3, 8.2) | <0.001 | 0.328 | 0.061 |
UC | 11 | 4.23 (3.42, 5.22) | 10 | 4.84 (3.81, 5.87) | 0.872 | 10 | 5.9 (4.9, 7.0) | 0.020 | 0.223 | ||||
Refined grain (servings/day) | INT | 12 | 3.35 (2.40, 4.30) | 0.690 | 11 | 1.92 (0.93, 2.90) | 0.090 | 0.011 | 9 | 2.0 (0.9, 3.1) | 0.134 | >0.999 | 0.487 |
UC | 11 | 3.62 (2.64, 4.61) | 10 | 3.81 (2.77, 4.85) | >0.999 | 10 | 2.5 (1.5, 3.5) | 0.391 | >0.999 | ||||
Nuts and seeds (servings/day) | INT | 12 | 0.92 (0.33, 1.51) | 0.401 | 11 | 1.89 (1.28, 2.51) | 0.114 | 0.717 | 9 | 1.7 (1.0, 2.3) | 0.376 | >0.999 | 0.013 |
UC | 11 | 1.28 (0.67, 1.90) | 10 | 1.73 (1.08, 2.37) | 0.893 | 10 | 0.5 (0.1, 1.1) | 0.336 | 0.036 | ||||
Fish (servings/day) | INT | 12 | 0.61 (0.38, 0.84) | 0.897 | 11 | 0.90 (0.67, 1.13) | 0.121 | 0.006 | 9 | 0.7 (0.4, 0.9) | 0.904 | 0.295 | 0.702 |
UC | 11 | 0.59 (0.35, 0.83) | 10 | 0.44 (0.20, 0.67) | >0.999 | 10 | 0.6 (0.4, 0.8) | >0.999 | >0.999 | ||||
Red meat (servings/day) | INT | 12 | 0.75 (0.48, 1.03) | 0.398 | 11 | 0.33 (0.06, 0.61) | 0.071 | 0.205 | 9 | 0.2 (0.0, 0.5) | 0.038 | >0.999 | 0.016 |
UC | 11 | 0.59 (0.31, 0.86) | 10 | 0.60 (0.30, 0.89) | >0.999 | 10 | 0.8 (0.4, 1.1) | >0.999 | >0.999 | ||||
Processed meat (servings/day) | INT | 12 | 0.36 (0.25, 0.47) | 0.632 | 11 | 0.04 (0.01, 0.15) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 9 | 0.0 (0.0, 0.2) | >0.999 | 0.001 | 0.007 |
UC | 11 | 0.32 (0.21, 0.43) | 10 | 0.38 (0.27, 0.49) | >0.999 | 10 | 0.3 (0.2, 0.4) | >0.999 | >0.999 | ||||
Poultry (servings/day) | INT | 12 | 0.43 (0.20, 0.65) | 0.985 | 11 | 0.47 (0.25, 0.70) | >0.999 | 0.669 | 9 | 0.6 (0.3, 0.8) | >0.999 | >0.999 | 0.078 |
UC | 11 | 0.42 (0.20, 0.65) | 10 | 0.40 (0.16, 0.64) | >0.999 | 10 | 0.2 (0.0, 0.5) | >0.999 | >0.999 | ||||
Dairy (servings/day) | INT | 12 | 2.84 (2.12, 3.56) | 0.353 | 11 | 1.58 (0.83, 2.33) | 0.033 | 0.508 | 9 | 1.7 (0.9, 2.6) | 0.136 | >0.999 | 0.248 |
UC | 11 | 2.35 (1.60, 3.10) | 10 | 1.95 (1.16, 2.74) | >0.999 | 10 | 2.4 (1.6, 3.2) | >0.999 | >0.999 |
Group | n | Baseline | p Value | n | 12 Weeks | p Value (0 vs. 12 Weeks) | p Value a (INT vs. UC) | n | 20 Weeks | p Value (0 vs. 20 Weeks) | p Value (12 vs. 20 Weeks) | p Value b (INT vs. UC) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cardiorespiratory fitness | |||||||||||||
VO2peak (L/min) | INT | 12 | 2.02 (1.89, 2.16) | 0.740 | 11 | 2.07 (1.94, 2.21) | 0.521 | 0.492 | 9 | 2.34 (2.19, 2.48) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.002 |
UC | 11 | 2.06 (1.93, 2.19) | 10 | 2.00 (1.87, 2.14) | 0.487 | 10 | 2.02 (1.88, 2.15) | 0.608 | 0.857 | ||||
VO2peak (mL·kg−1.min−1) | INT | 12 | 22.1 (20.4, 23.7) | 0.961 | 11 | 23.6 (21.9, 25.2) | 0.104 | 0.161 | 9 | 26.8 (25.0, 28.5) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
UC | 11 | 22.0 (20.5, 23.9) | 10 | 21.9 (20.2, 23.5) | 0.874 | 10 | 21.8 (20.1, 23.5) | 0.821 | 0.947 | ||||
400 m walk test (s) | INT | 12 | 260.6 (241.3, 279.8) | 0.872 | 11 | 246.0 (226.2, 265.8) | 0.103 | 0.945 | 9 | 241.0 (220.6, 261.4) | 0.203 | 0.589 | 0.457 |
UC | 11 | 268.6 (248.4, 288.8) | 10 | 247.0 (226.8, 267.2) | 0.106 | 10 | 251.9 (231.7, 272.1) | 0.064 | 0.585 | ||||
Body composition (kg) | |||||||||||||
Total body mass | INT | 12 | 92.0 (90.9,93.1) | 0.784 | 11 | 88.7 (87.5, 89.8) | <0.001 | 0.001 | 9 | 87.8 (86.5, 89.0) | <0.001 | 0.371 | <0.001 |
UC | 11 | 92.2 (91.1, 93.4) | 10 | 91.6 (90.4, 92.8) | >0.999 | 10 | 91.1 (89.9, 92.3) | 0.461 | >0.999 | ||||
Lean muscle mass | INT | 12 | 53.2 (52.2, 54.1) | 0.750 | 11 | 52.0 (51.0, 53.0) | 0.397 | 0.060 | 9 | 52.0 (50.9, 53.0) | 0.397 | >0.999 | 0.102 |
UC | 11 | 53.4 (52.4, 54.3) | 10 | 53.4 (52.3, 54.4) | >0.999 | 10 | 53.2 (52.2, 54.2) | >0.999 | >0.999 | ||||
Fat mass | INT | 12 | 29.5 (28.3, 30.7) | 0.696 | 11 | 27.8 (26.6, 29.0) | 0.032 | 0.096 | 9 | 27.2 (25.9, 28.5) | 0.005 | 0.796 | 0.192 |
UC | 11 | 29.8 (28.6, 31.1) | 10 | 29.3 (28.1, 30.6) | >0.999 | 10 | 28.5 (27.2, 29.7) | 0.206 | 0.178 | ||||
FACIT 1 | |||||||||||||
General (0–108) | INT | 12 | 83.1 (78.7, 87.4) | 0.888 | 11 | 90.5 (85.9, 95.0) | 0.038 | 0.006 | 9 | 91.3 (86.4, 96.3) | 0.032 | >0.999 | 0.167 |
UC | 11 | 82.6 (78.1, 87.2) | 10 | 81.2 (76.5, 86.0) | >0.999 | 10 | 86.5 (81.8, 91.3) | 0.569 | 0.343 | ||||
Total (0–160) | INT | 12 | 120.3 (113.8, 26.9) | 0.771 | 11 | 133.4 (126.6, 140.3) | 0.013 | 0.002 | 9 | 133.8 (126.3, 141.3) | 0.015 | >0.999 | 0.141 |
UC | 11 | 118.9 (112.1, 125.8) | 10 | 117.1 (110.0, 124.3) | >0.999 | 10 | 126.1 (118.9, 133.2) | 0.515 | 0.270 | ||||
TOI (0–108) | INT | 12 | 83.2 (77.1, 89.2) | 0.762 | 11 | 91.9 (85.6, 98.2) | 0.081 | 0.024 | 9 | 91.5 (84.7, 98.4) | 0.132 | >0.999 | 0.371 |
UC | 11 | 81.8 (75.5, 88.2) | 10 | 81.1 (74.5, 87.8) | >0.999 | 10 | 87.1 (80.5, 93.8) | 0.739 | 0.633 | ||||
Fatigue (0–52) | INT | 12 | 37.1 (33.9, 40.3) | 0.684 | 11 | 42.9 (39.6, 46.3) | 0.025 | 0.005 | 9 | 42.5 (38.8, 46.1) | 0.064 | >0.999 | 0.312 |
UC | 11 | 36.2 (32.8, 39.5) | 10 | 35.7 (32.2, 39.3) | >0.999 | 10 | 39.8 (36.3, 43.4) | 0.378 | 0.317 | ||||
Physical Wellbeing (0–28) | INT | 12 | 23.3 (21.9, 24.7) | 0.614 | 11 | 25.1 (23.6, 26.6) | 0.145 | 0.036 | 9 | 25.0 (23.4, 26.6) | 0.206 | >0.999 | 0.247 |
UC | 11 | 22.8 (21.3, 24.6) | 10 | 22.8 (21.3, 24.4) | >0.999 | 10 | 23.7 (22.2, 25.3) | >0.999 | >0.999 | ||||
Social Wellbeing (0–28) | INT | 12 | 19.7 (17.4, 22.1) | 0.889 | 11 | 21.9 (19.5, 24.4) | 0.666 | 0.052 | 9 | 23.1 (20.4, 25.7) | 0.214 | >0.999 | 0.078 |
UC | 11 | 20.0 (17.5, 22.4) | 10 | 18.4 (15.9, 21.0) | >0.999 | 10 | 19.7 (17.2, 22.3) | >0.999 | >0.999 | ||||
Emotional Wellbeing (0–24) | INT | 12 | 18.5 (17.3, 19.7) | 0.964 | 11 | 20.8 (19.5, 22.0) | 0.024 | 0.083 | 9 | 20.5 (18.6, 21.4) | 0.256 | 0.798 | 0.320 |
UC | 11 | 18.5 (17.2, 19.7) | 10 | 19.1 (17.8, 20.5) | 0.804 | 10 | 21.0 (19.7, 22.4) | 0.015 | 0.125 | ||||
Functional Wellbeing (0–28) | INT | 12 | 21.5 (19.8, 23.3) | 0.747 | 11 | 22.5 (20.7, 24.4) | >0.999 | 0.177 | 9 | 23.2 (21.1, 25.2) | 0.894 | >0.999 | 0.295 |
UC | 11 | 21.1 (19.3, 23.0) | 10 | 20.7 (18.7, 22.6) | >0.999 | 10 | 21.7 (19.7, 23.6) | >0.999 | >0.999 | ||||
SF-36 1 | |||||||||||||
Physical Function (0–100) | INT | 12 | 80.8 (71.7, 89.9) | 0.617 | 11 | 78.3 (68.8, 87.7) | 0.680 | 0.571 | 9 | 89.7 (79.3, 100.1) | 0.669 | 0.498 | 0.304 |
UC | 11 | 77.4 (67.9, 87.0) | 10 | 82.2 (72.2, 92.1) | >0.999 | 10 | 82.2 (72.2, 92.1) | >0.999 | >0.999 | ||||
Role Function (0–100) | INT | 12 | 72.6 (64.8, 80.4) | 0.438 | 11 | 72.8 (64.7, 80.9) | >0.999 | 0.685 | 9 | 80.7 (71.8, 89.6) | 0.616 | 0.616 | 0.858 |
UC | 11 | 68.1 (60.0, 76.3) | 10 | 75.2 (66.7, 83.8) | 0.510 | 10 | 79.6 (71.1, 88.2) | 0.141 | 0.811 | ||||
Bodily Pain (0–100) | INT | 12 | 76.5 (65.6, 87.3) | 0.622 | 11 | 77.8 (66.3, 89.1) | >0.999 | 0.895 | 9 | 80.3 (68.1, 92.5) | >0.999 | >0.999 | 0.407 |
UC | 11 | 72.5 (61.2, 83.9) | 10 | 76.8 (65.0, 88.6) | >0.999 | 10 | 73.2 (61.4, 85.0) | >0.999 | >0.999 | ||||
General (0–100) | INT | 12 | 57.2 (47.2, 67.3) | 0.737 | 11 | 66.3 (55.9, 76.7) | 0.710 | 0.588 | 9 | 59.7 (48.5, 70.9) | >0.999 | >0.999 | 0.688 |
UC | 11 | 59.7 (49.2, 70.2) | 10 | 62.2 (51.3, 73.1) | >0.999 | 10 | 62.9 (52.0, 73.8) | >0.999 | >0.999 | ||||
Vitality (0–100) | INT | 12 | 58.7 (52.4, 65.0) | 0.966 | 11 | 71.6 (64.5, 77.7) | 0.001 | 0.003 | 9 | 75.9 (68.7, 83.1) | 0.015 | 0.838 | 0.002 |
UC | 11 | 58.5 (51.9, 65.1) | 10 | 56.5 (49.6, 63.4) | 0.645 | 10 | 59.7 (52.8, 66.6) | >0.999 | >0.999 | ||||
Social Functioning (0–100) | INT | 12 | 86.1 (79.0, 93.1) | 0.733 | 11 | 87.1 (79.8, 94.4) | >0.999 | 0.138 | 9 | 91.8 (83.9, 99.6) | >0.999 | >0.999 | 0.482 |
UC | 11 | 84.3 (77.0, 91.7) | 10 | 79.1 (71.4, 86.7) | 0.820 | 10 | 87.8 (80.2, 95.5) | >0.999 | 0.230 | ||||
Role Emotion (0–100) | INT | 12 | 79.8 (73.4, 86.2) | 0.893 | 11 | 85.4 (78.7, 92.1) | 0.521 | 0.780 | 9 | 94.4 (87.0, 101.9) | 0.024 | 0.385 | 0.230 |
UC | 11 | 79.2 (72.5, 85.9) | 10 | 84.1 (77.0, 91.1) | >0.999 | 10 | 88.2 (81.2, 95.3) | 0.407 | >0.999 | ||||
Mental Health (0–100) | INT | 12 | 80.3 (75.7, 84.8) | 0.925 | 11 | 84.4 (79.6, 89.2) | 0.748 | 0.071 | 9 | 88.1 (82.9, 93.4) | 0.112 | 0.785 | 0.127 |
UC | 11 | 80.0 (75.2, 84.7) | 10 | 78.0 (73.0, 83.0) | >0.999 | 10 | 82.5 (77.5, 87.5) | >0.999 | >0.999 | ||||
PH Composite (0–100) | INT | 12 | 48.6 (45.1, 52.0) | 0.649 | 11 | 48.7 (45.1, 52.3) | >0.999 | 0.737 | 9 | 50.0 (46.1, 54.0) | >0.999 | >0.999 | 0.695 |
UC | 11 | 47.4 (43.8, 51.0) | 10 | 49.6 (45.8, 53.4) | >0.999 | 10 | 49.0 (45.2, 52.8) | >0.999 | >0.999 | ||||
MH Composite (0–100) | INT | 12 | 51.6 (49.1, 54.1) | 0.923 | 11 | 55.2 (52.6, 57.8) | 0.188 | 0.011 | 9 | 57.6 (54.7, 60.4) | 0.015 | 0.704 | 0.042 |
UC | 11 | 51.6 (49.0, 54.2) | 10 | 50.3 (47.6, 53.0) | >0.999 | 10 | 53.4 (50.7, 56.2) | >0.999 | 0.656 |
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Baguley, B.J.; Adlard, K.; Jenkins, D.; Wright, O.R.L.; Skinner, T.L. Mediterranean Style Dietary Pattern with High Intensity Interval Training in Men with Prostate Cancer Treated with Androgen Deprivation Therapy: A Pilot Randomised Control Trial. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 5709. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095709
Baguley BJ, Adlard K, Jenkins D, Wright ORL, Skinner TL. Mediterranean Style Dietary Pattern with High Intensity Interval Training in Men with Prostate Cancer Treated with Androgen Deprivation Therapy: A Pilot Randomised Control Trial. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(9):5709. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095709
Chicago/Turabian StyleBaguley, Brenton J., Kirsten Adlard, David Jenkins, Olivia R. L. Wright, and Tina L. Skinner. 2022. "Mediterranean Style Dietary Pattern with High Intensity Interval Training in Men with Prostate Cancer Treated with Androgen Deprivation Therapy: A Pilot Randomised Control Trial" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 9: 5709. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095709