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Exercise and Nutritional Approaches to Combat Cancer-Related Bone and Muscle Loss

A special issue of International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (ISSN 1660-4601). This special issue belongs to the section "Exercise and Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 February 2022) | Viewed by 19456

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Nicole Kiss

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Deakin University, Burwood VIC 3125, Australia
Interests: cancer-related malnutrition and sarcopenia; nutrition and cancer
Dr. Katherine A Bolam

E-Mail Website
Assistant Guest Editor
Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
Interests: Exercise and cancer; muscle, bone and physical function

Special Issue Information

The global incidence of cancer is predicted to exceed 26 million in 2040. Bone and muscle loss are prevalent in people with cancer and occur at rates of up to 10 times the usual age-related losses observed in people without cancer. The implications of bone and muscle loss are significant for people living with a cancer diagnosis. These include increased mortality, a higher risk of cancer-treatment toxicities, and an increased risk of osteoporosis and falls/fractures. Currently, pharmaceutical treatment is not available to prevent or treat cancer-related muscle loss, meaning lifestyle interventions, through nutrition and exercise, are extremely important. Although pharmaceutical treatment is available and recommended for cancer-related bone loss, lifestyle interventions remain important to reduce the risk of falls and fractures.  Research in the field of exercise and nutrition interventions to counter bone and muscle loss is advancing; however, further research is required to determine the full potential of these lifestyle interventions. Papers addressing nutrition and exercise in relation to bone and muscle loss are invited for this Special Issue. Systematic reviews, meta-analyses, scoping reviews, and studies reporting interventions, investigating contributing factors, and those with a practical focus on implementation in practice are welcome.

Dr. Nicole Kiss
Dr. Katherine A Bolam
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2500 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • muscle mass
  • muscle strength
  • sarcopenia
  • bone
  • nutrition
  • diet
  • exercise
  • physical activity
  • cancer

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 1138 KiB  
Article
Mediterranean Style Dietary Pattern with High Intensity Interval Training in Men with Prostate Cancer Treated with Androgen Deprivation Therapy: A Pilot Randomised Control Trial
by Brenton J. Baguley, Kirsten Adlard, David Jenkins, Olivia R. L. Wright and Tina L. Skinner
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(9), 5709; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095709 - 7 May 2022
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 2480
Abstract
Background: Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in prostate cancer has been shown to deteriorate body composition (reduced lean mass and increased body and fat mass) and increase the risk of cardiovascular morbidity. The Mediterranean style dietary pattern (MED-diet) and high intensity interval training (HIIT) [...] Read more.
Background: Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in prostate cancer has been shown to deteriorate body composition (reduced lean mass and increased body and fat mass) and increase the risk of cardiovascular morbidity. The Mediterranean style dietary pattern (MED-diet) and high intensity interval training (HIIT) may synergistically alleviate these side effects and improve quality of life in men treated with ADT. Methods: Twenty-three men (65.9 ± 7.8 years; body mass index: 29.6 ± 2.7 kg/m2; ADT duration: 33.8 ± 35.6 months) receiving ADT for ≥3 months were randomly assigned (1:1) to 20 weeks of usual care or the MED-diet (10 nutrition consults) with HIIT (4 × 4 min 85–95% heart rate peak, 3× week, starting at 12 weeks). Results: The MED-diet with HIIT significantly improved cardiorespiratory fitness (+4.9 mL·kg−1·min, p < 0.001), and body mass (−3.3 kg, p < 0.001) compared to the usual care group at 20 weeks. Clinically meaningful (≥3 points) improvements were seen in quality of life and cancer-related fatigue after 20 weeks. Conclusions: The MED-diet with HIIT increased cardiorespiratory fitness and reduced body weight in men with prostate cancer treated with ADT. Larger trials determining whether the MED-diet with HIIT translates to cardiovascular benefits are warranted. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exercise and Nutritional Approaches to Combat Cancer-Related Bone and Muscle Loss)
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13 pages, 364 KiB  
Article
Perception and Performance of Physical Activity Behavior after Head and Neck Cancer Treatment: Exploration and Integration of Qualitative and Quantitative Findings
by Martine J. Sealy, Martijn M. Stuiver, Julie Midtgaard, Cees P. van der Schans, Jan L. N. Roodenburg and Harriët Jager-Wittenaar
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(1), 287; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19010287 - 28 Dec 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2121
Abstract
Maintaining or increasing physical activity (PA) may prevent loss of muscle mass and strength after completion of head and neck cancer (HNC) treatment. However, the exercise level of HNC patients may not meet PA guidelines. We aimed to explore HNC survivors’ views on [...] Read more.
Maintaining or increasing physical activity (PA) may prevent loss of muscle mass and strength after completion of head and neck cancer (HNC) treatment. However, the exercise level of HNC patients may not meet PA guidelines. We aimed to explore HNC survivors’ views on PA, their report of PA, and to compare these with objectively measured PA. Combined qualitative and quantitative data of HNC survivors were explored post-treatment. Data from semi-structured interviews, questionnaires, and objective measurements of PA were collected, analyzed, and integrated. This resulted in the identification of five themes related to prioritizing, day-to-day life, intention, positive feelings, and social support, respectively, in nine HNC survivors (male: n = 5; age: 52–67 years). Objectively measured PA levels were sedentary to low. The lack of intention to increase PA may be related to HNC survivors’ perception that their current activity level is sufficient, despite low levels of measured PA. While some participants feel they need no help with PA, others are insecure about possible harms. Healthcare professionals may be able to help improve PA in HNC survivors with a tailored approach that reduces fear of harm and helps to incorporate higher intensity PA in daily activities. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exercise and Nutritional Approaches to Combat Cancer-Related Bone and Muscle Loss)

Review

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27 pages, 2130 KiB  
Review
Nutritional and Exercise Interventions in Cancer-Related Cachexia: An Extensive Narrative Review
by Vicente Javier Clemente-Suárez, Laura Redondo-Flórez, Alejandro Rubio-Zarapuz, Ismael Martínez-Guardado, Eduardo Navarro-Jiménez and José Francisco Tornero-Aguilera
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(8), 4604; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19084604 - 11 Apr 2022
Cited by 20 | Viewed by 7158
Abstract
One of the common traits found in cancer patients is malnutrition and cachexia, which affects between 25% to 60% of the patients, depending on the type of cancer, diagnosis, and treatment. Given the lack of current effective pharmacological solutions for low muscle mass [...] Read more.
One of the common traits found in cancer patients is malnutrition and cachexia, which affects between 25% to 60% of the patients, depending on the type of cancer, diagnosis, and treatment. Given the lack of current effective pharmacological solutions for low muscle mass and sarcopenia, holistic interventions are essential to patient care, as well as exercise and nutrition. Thus, the present narrative review aimed to analyze the nutritional, pharmacological, ergonutritional, and physical exercise strategies in cancer-related cachexia. The integration of multidisciplinary interventions could help to improve the final intervention in patients, improving their prognosis, quality of life, and life expectancy. To reach these aims, an extensive narrative review was conducted. The databases used were MedLine (PubMed), Cochrane (Wiley), Embase, PsychINFO, and CinAhl. Cancer-related cachexia is a complex multifactorial phenomenon in which systemic inflammation plays a key role in the development and maintenance of the symptomatology. Pharmacological interventions seem to produce a positive effect on inflammatory state and cachexia. Nutritional interventions are focused on a high-energy diet with high-density foods and the supplementation with antioxidants, while physical activity is focused on strength-based training. The implementation of multidisciplinary non-pharmacological interventions in cancer-related cachexia could be an important tool to improve traditional treatments and improve patients’ quality of life. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exercise and Nutritional Approaches to Combat Cancer-Related Bone and Muscle Loss)
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17 pages, 652 KiB  
Review
Associations between Dietary Patterns and Malnutrition, Low Muscle Mass and Sarcopenia in Adults with Cancer: A Scoping Review
by Annie R. Curtis, Katherine M. Livingstone, Robin M. Daly, Laura E. Marchese and Nicole Kiss
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(3), 1769; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031769 - 4 Feb 2022
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3888
Abstract
Dietary patterns examine the combinations, types and quantities of foods consumed in the diet. Compared to individual nutrients, dietary patterns may be better associated with cancer-related malnutrition, low muscle mass and sarcopenia. This scoping review identified associations between dietary patterns, assessed using data-driven [...] Read more.
Dietary patterns examine the combinations, types and quantities of foods consumed in the diet. Compared to individual nutrients, dietary patterns may be better associated with cancer-related malnutrition, low muscle mass and sarcopenia. This scoping review identified associations between dietary patterns, assessed using data-driven methods (i.e., statistical methods used to derive existing dietary patterns) and hypothesis-orientated methods (i.e., adherence to diet quality indices), and malnutrition, low muscle (lean) mass and sarcopenia. MEDLINE, Embase and CINAHL databases were searched up to September 2021. Of the 3341 studies identified, seven studies were eligible for review. Study designs included experimental (n = 5) and observational (n = 2), and people with prostate, ovarian and endometrial, bladder, breast, and gastrointestinal cancers. One study used data-driven methods to derive dietary patterns, finding adherence to a ‘fat and fish’ diet was associated with lower odds of low muscle mass. Two studies examined adherence to hypothesis-orientated methods including the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener and Healthy Eating Index 2010 and four studies used ‘non-traditional’ approaches to analyse dietary patterns. Hypothesis-orientated dietary patterns, developed to improve general health and prevent chronic disease, and ‘non-traditional’ dietary patterns demonstrated inconsistent effects on muscle (lean) mass. All studies investigated muscle (lean) mass, omitting malnutrition and sarcopenia as cancer-related outcomes. This scoping review highlights the limited research examining the effect of dietary patterns on cancer-related outcomes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exercise and Nutritional Approaches to Combat Cancer-Related Bone and Muscle Loss)
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Other

Jump to: Research, Review

14 pages, 589 KiB  
Systematic Review
Does Androgen Deprivation for Prostate Cancer Affect Normal Adaptation to Resistance Exercise?
by Tormod S. Nilsen, Sara Hassing Johansen, Lene Thorsen, Ciaran M. Fairman, Torbjørn Wisløff and Truls Raastad
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(7), 3820; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19073820 - 23 Mar 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2532
Abstract
Background: Loss of muscle mass and muscle function is a common side effect from androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for prostate cancer (PCa). Here, we explored effects of heavy-load resistance training (RT) on lean body mass and muscle strength changes reported in randomized controlled [...] Read more.
Background: Loss of muscle mass and muscle function is a common side effect from androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for prostate cancer (PCa). Here, we explored effects of heavy-load resistance training (RT) on lean body mass and muscle strength changes reported in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) among PCa patients on ADT and in healthy elderly men (HEM), by comparison of results in separate meta-analysis. Methods: RCTs were identified through databases and reference lists. Results: Seven RCTs in PCa patients (n = 449), and nine in HEM (n = 305) were included. The effects of RT in lean body mass change were similar among PCa patients (Standardized mean difference (SMD): 0.4, 95% CI: 0.2, 0.7) and HEM (SMD: 0.5, 95% CI: 0.2, 0.7). It is noteworthy that the within group changes showed different patterns in PCa patients (intervention: 0.2 kg; control: −0.6 kg) and HEM (intervention: 1.2 kg; control: 0.2 kg). The effects of RT on change in muscle strength (measured as 1 RM) were similar between PCa patients and HEM, both for lower body- (PCa: SMD: 1.9, 95% CI: 1.2, 2.5; HEM: SMD: 2.2, 95% CI: 1.0, 3.4), and for upper body exercises (PCa: SMD: 2.0, 95% CI: 1.3, 2.7; HEM: SMD: 1.9, 95% CI: 1.3, 2.6). Conclusions: The effects of RT on lean body mass and 1 RM were similar in PCa patients on ADT and HEM, but the mechanism for the intervention effect might differ between groups. It seems that RT counteracts loss of lean body mass during ADT in PCa patients, as opposed to increasing lean body mass in HEM. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exercise and Nutritional Approaches to Combat Cancer-Related Bone and Muscle Loss)
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