Unplanned Pregnancy and Depressive Symptoms during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
Limitations and Strong Points
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | n° (205) % | Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS) | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Absencia of Symptons n° (%) | Presence of Symptons n° (%) | |||
Age | 0.95 | |||
18–29 | 137 (66.83) | 65 (48.14) | 72 (51.86) | |
30–41 | 68 (33.17) | 32 (47.05) | 36 (52.95) | |
Marital status | 0.33 | |||
Living with a spouse or partner | 152 (74.15) | 64 (42.10) | 88 (57.90) | |
Not living with a spouse or partner | 53 (25.85) | 33 (62.26) | 20 (37.74) | |
Education | <0.001 | |||
Elementary school | 184 (89.76) | 82 (44.56) | 102 (55.44) | |
High school | 21 (10.24) | 15 (71.42) | 6 (28.58) | |
Government benefits | 0.05 | |||
No | 75 (36.59) | 29 (38.66) | 46 (61.34) | |
Yes | 130 (63.41) | 68 (52.30) | 62 (47.70) | |
Occupation | 0.11 | |||
No | 138 (67.32) | 60 (43.47) | 78 (56.53) | |
Yes | 67 (32.68) | 37 (55.22) | 30 (44.78) | |
Childbirth | 0.26 | |||
Primiparous | 10 (4.88) | 4 (40.00) | 6 (60.00) | |
Multiparous | 195 (95.12) | 94 (48.20) | 101 (51.80) | |
Abortions | 0.19 | |||
No | 161 (78.54) | 77 (47.82) | 84 (52.18) | |
Yes | 44 (21.46) | 20 (45.45) | 24 (54.55) | |
Planned pregnancy | <0.001 | |||
No | 153 (74.63) | 65 (42.48) | 88 (57.52) | |
Yes | 52 (25.37) | 32 (61.53) | 20 (38.47) | |
Accepted pregnancy | 0.77 | |||
No | 22 (10.73) | 9 (40.90) | 13 (59.10) | |
Yes | 183 (89.27) | 88 (48.08) | 95 (51.92) | |
Current practice of physical activity | 0.19 | |||
No | 183 (89.27) | 87 (47.54) | 96 (52.46) | |
Yes | 22 (10.73) | 10 (45.45) | 12 (54.55) | |
Psychological counseling | <0.001 | |||
No | 189 (92.20) | 95 (51.91) | 94 (48.09) | |
Yes | 16 (7.80) | 2 (12.50) | 14 (87.50) | |
COVID-19 | 0.18 | |||
With symptoms and without diagnosis/without symptoms and without diagnosis | 129 (62.93) | 60 (46.51) | 69 (53.49) | |
With symptoms and diagnosis/without symptoms and with diagnosis | 76 (37.07) | 37 (48.68) | 39 (51.32) |
Variable | Unadjusted Analysis | Adjusted Analysis p ≤ 0.01 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PR | CI (95%) | p-Value | PR | CI (95%) | p-Value | |
Marital status | 0.16 | |||||
Living with a spouse or partner | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
Not living with a spouse or partner | 0.65 | 0.44–0.94 | 0.02 | 0.84 | 0.56–1.24 | 0.25 |
Current practice of physical activity | 0.925 | |||||
No | 1 | 1 | ||||
Yes | 1.01 | 0.70–1.47 | ||||
Education | 0.35 | |||||
Elementary School | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
High School | 0.51 | 0.35–1.02 | 0.35 | |||
Government benefits | 0.45 | |||||
No | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
Yes | 0.98 | 0.99–1.65 | 0.46 | |||
Planned pregnancy | 0.01 | |||||
No | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
Yes | 1.49 | 1.03–2.16 | 0.05 | 1.41 | 0.99–2.00 | 0.05 |
Psychological counseling | ≤0.01 | |||||
No | 0.56 | 0.44–0.71 | ≤0.01 | 0.65 | 0.51–0.83 | ≤0.01 |
Yes | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
Abortions | 0.90 | |||||
No | 1 | 1 | ||||
Yes | 0.98 | 0.71–1.34 | ||||
COVID-19 | 0.76 | |||||
No | 1 | 1 | ||||
Yes | 1.04 | 0.79–1.36 | ||||
Planned pregnancy | 0.31 | |||||
No | 1 | 1 | ||||
Yes | 0.94 | 0.83–1.77 |
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Costa Júnior, G.A.; Rêgo, A.S.; Brito, A.P.; Furtado, P.d.S.R.; Pereira, T.T.J.; Beckman, L.F.; Mendonça, Y.A.A.; da Cruz, C.N.; Nitz, M.K.; Batista, M.R.V.; et al. Unplanned Pregnancy and Depressive Symptoms during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20, 652. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20010652
Costa Júnior GA, Rêgo AS, Brito AP, Furtado PdSR, Pereira TTJ, Beckman LF, Mendonça YAA, da Cruz CN, Nitz MK, Batista MRV, et al. Unplanned Pregnancy and Depressive Symptoms during the COVID-19 Pandemic. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2023; 20(1):652. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20010652
Chicago/Turabian StyleCosta Júnior, Gilberto Assunção, Adriana Sousa Rêgo, Andressa Pestana Brito, Poliana da Silva Rêgo Furtado, Thayla Thais Jatahy Pereira, Lucas Frota Beckman, Yuri Alfredo Araujo Mendonça, Cristina Nitz da Cruz, Magali Kelli Nitz, Márcia Rodrigues Veras Batista, and et al. 2023. "Unplanned Pregnancy and Depressive Symptoms during the COVID-19 Pandemic" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 1: 652. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20010652