Lifestyle and Health-Related Quality of Life Relationships Concerning Metabolic Disease Phenotypes on the Nutrimdea Online Cohort
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Physical Activity
2.3. Mediterranean Diet
2.4. Obesogenic Score (ObS)
2.5. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Limitations and Strengths
6. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sex a | Age | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Overall | Female | Male | <40 Years | >40 Years | |
n | 13,721 | 9031 | 4690 | 5335 | 8386 |
Age, n (%) >40 years | 8386 (61.1) | 5361 (59.4) | 3025 (64.5) * | 0 (0.0) | 8386 (100.0) * |
Sex, n (%) of female | 9031 (65.8) | 9031 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) * | 3670 (68.8) | 5361 (63.9) * |
BMI b, mean (SD) | 24.07 (3.56) | 23.48 (3.62) | 25.22 (3.15) * | 23.18 (3.45) | 24.64 (3.52) * |
Trousers size, mean (SD) | 40.47 (3.98) | 39.75 (3.43) | 41.86 (4.56) * | 39.14 (3.75) | 41.31 (3.89) * |
Ethnicity, n (%) * | |||||
Caucasian/European | 9063 (66.1) | 6204 (68.7) | 2859 (61.0) | 3457 (64.8) | 5606 (66.8) |
Hispanic/Latino/a | 4145 (30.2) | 2483 (27.5) | 1662 (35.4) | 1579 (29.6) | 2566 (30.6) |
Other c | 513 (3.7) | 344 (3.8) | 169 (3.6) | 299 (5.6) | 214 (2.6) |
Education, n (%) * | |||||
Compulsory/Professional Education | 3330 (24.3) | 1874 (20.8) | 1456 (31.0) | 1383 (25.9) | 1947 (23.2) |
Higher education | 10,216 (74.5) | 7035 (77.9) | 3181 (67.8) | 3874 (72.6) | 6342 (75.6) |
Other | 175 (1.3) | 122 (1.4) | 53 (1.1) | 78 (1.5) | 97 (1.2) |
Work, n (%) * | |||||
Employed | 10,202 (74.4) | 6744 (74.7) | 3458 (73.7) | 3676 (68.9) | 6526 (77.8) |
Unemployed | 2565 (18.7) | 1673 (18.5) | 892 (19.0) | 848 (15.9) | 1717 (20.5) |
Student | 954 (7.0) | 614 (6.8) | 340 (7.2) | 811 (15.2) | 143 (1.7) |
Obesity, n (%) | 695 (5.1) | 415 (4.6) | 280 (6.0) * | 238 (4.5) | 457 (5.4) * |
Diabetes, n (%) | 423 (3.1) | 201 (2.2) | 222 (4.7) * | 118 (2.2) | 305 (3.6) * |
HBP d, n (%) | 1185 (8.6) | 545 (6.0) | 640 (13.6) * | 144 (2.7) | 1041 (12.4) * |
Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 2067 (15.1) | 1192 (13.2) | 875 (18.7) * | 341 (6.4) | 1726 (20.6) * |
Family obesity, n (%) | 2310 (16.8) | 1533 (17.0) | 777 (16.6) | 952 (17.8) | 1358 (16.2) * |
Family diabetes, n (%) | 3924 (28.6) | 2622 (29.0) | 1302 (27.8) * | 1426 (26.7) | 2498 (29.8) * |
Family HBP c, n (%) | 6387 (46.5) | 4489 (49.7) | 1898 (40.5) * | 2051 (38.4) | 4336 (51.7) * |
Family dyslipidemia, n (%) | 5744 (41.9) | 4131 (45.7) | 1613 (34.4) * | 2129 (39.9) | 3615 (43.1) * |
Depress, n (%) | 5256 (38.3) | 3760 (41.6) | 1496 (31.9) * | 2538 (47.6) | 2718 (32.4) * |
Smoking habit, n (%) | 2497 (18.2) | 1501 (16.6) | 996 (21.2) * | 1040 (19.5) | 1457 (17.4) * |
PCS12 e, mean (SD) | 53.67 (6.8) | 53.63 (7.0) | 53.76 (6.3) | 54.71 (6.4) | 53.11 (7.0) * |
MCS12 f, mean (SD) | 43.59 (10.7) | 42.73 (10.9) | 45.34 (10.2) * | 41.05 (11.3) | 44.97 (10.2) * |
Rewarded Survey, n (%) | 3942 (28.7) | 2170 (24.0) | 1772 (37.8) * | 1938 (36.3) | 2004 (23.9) * |
Sex | Age | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Overall | Female | Male | <40 Years | >40 Years | |
n | 13,721 | 9031 | 4690 | 5335 | 8386 |
MDS14 a, mean (SD) | 7.48 (2.2) | 7.61 (2.1) | 7.24 (2.3) * | 7.02 (2.1) | 7.78 (2.1) * |
Mean meals, n (%) >3 meals per day | 6396 (46.6) | 4625 (51.2) | 1771 (37.8) * | 2702 (50.7) | 3694 (44.1) * |
Snacking habit, n (%) | 6652 (48.5) | 4482 (49.7) | 2170 (46.3) * | 3013 (56.5) | 3639 (43.4) * |
Water, n (%) ≥7 glasses/day | 4450 (32.4) | 2961 (32.8) | 1489 (31.8) | 1956 (36.7) | 2494 (29.8) * |
Added salt, n (%) sometimes or usually | 3310 (24.1) | 2066 (22.9) | 1244 (26.5) * | 1527 (28.6) | 1783 (21.3) * |
Nap habit, n (%) | 4306 (31.4) | 2474 (27.4) | 1832 (39.1) * | 1479 (27.7) | 2827 (33.7) * |
Sleep weekdays, n (%) ≥7 h/day | 8811 (64.2) | 5947 (65.9) | 2864 (61.1) * | 3798 (71.2) | 5013 (59.8) * |
Sleep weekends, n (%) ≥7 h/day | 11,692 (85.2) | 7818 (86.6) | 3874 (82.6) * | 4656 (87.3) | 7036 (83.9) * |
PA b light (min/week), median [IQR] | 225.0 [75.0, 270.0] | 225.0 [75.0, 270.0] | 180.0 [90.0, 270.0] | 180.0 [75.0, 270.0] | 225.0 [90.0, 270.0] * |
PA moderate (min/week), median [IQR] | 45.0 [0.0, 135.0] | 30.0 [0.0, 90.0] | 45.0 [0.0, 135.0] * | 45.0 [0.0, 135.0] | 30.0 [0.0, 135.0] * |
PA intense (min/week), median [IQR] | 90.0 [0.0, 180.0] | 45.0 [0.0, 135.0] | 90.0 [0.0, 225.0] * | 90.0 [0.0, 180.0] | 45.0 [0.0, 180.0] * |
Total PA (METs-min/week), median [IQR] | 1687.5 [890.3, 2691.0] | 1525.5 [774.0, 2502.0] | 1917.0 [954.0, 3051.0] * | 1737.0 [891.0, 2722.5] | 1671.0 [879.0, 2682.0] * |
Time sitting, n (%) * | |||||
<4 h | 3472 (25.4) | 2195 (24.3) | 1277 (27.3) | 1360 (25.5) | 2112 (25.2) |
5–7 h | 4510 (32.9) | 2938 (32.6) | 1572 (33.6) | 1534 (28.8) | 2976 (35.5) |
>8 h | 5714 (41.7) | 3886 (43.1) | 1828 (39.1) | 2430 (45.6) | 3284 (39.2) |
Obesogenic Score, mean (SD) | 1.59 (0.91) | 1.59 (0.92) | 1.59 (0.90) | 1.67 (0.91) | 1.54 (0.91) * |
Low PA, Low MDS14 | High PA, Low MDS14 | Low PA, High MDS14 | High PA, High MDS14 | p for PA | p for MDS14 | p of Interaction | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | 4867 | 4049 | 1707 | 2797 | |||
Weight, mean (SE) | 71.42 (0.18) c | 70.08 (0.19) b | 70.18 (0.28) b | 68.96 (0.23) a | 0.064 | <0.001 | 0.759 |
Height, mean (SE) | 169.9 (0.11) a | 169.9 (0.12) a | 170.1 (0.17) ab | 170.4 (0.14) b | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.220 |
BMI, mean (SE) | 24.63 (0.06) c | 24.16 (0.06) b | 24.15 (0.09) b | 23.65 (0.07) a | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.815 |
Trousers size, mean (SE) | 41.08 (0.06) c | 40.61 (0.07) b | 41.05 (0.10) c | 40.36 (0.08) a | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.112 |
Obesity, n (%) | 304 (6.2) | 198 (4.9) | 73 (4.3) | 87 (3.1) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.787 |
Diabetes, n (%) | 154 (3.2) | 143 (3.5) | 46 (2.7) | 54 (1.9) | 0.428 | 0.001 | 0.170 |
HBP, n (%) | 423 (8.7) | 325 (8.0) | 159 (9.3) | 231 (8.3) | 0.229 | 0.412 | 0.868 |
Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 754 (15.5) | 525 (13.0) | 307 (18.0) | 426 (15.2) | <0.001 | 0.059 | 0.387 |
MDS14, mean (SE) | 6.20 (0.02) a | 6.49 (0.02) b | 9.46 (0.03) c | 9.62 (0.03) d | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.01 |
PA light (min/week), mean (SE) | 129.0 (2.57) a | 287.0 (2.69) c | 149.0 (3.99) b | 301.0 (3.22) d | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.333 |
PA moderate (min/week), mean (SE) | 36.2 (1.41) a | 116.2 (1.47) b | 42.1 (2.18) a | 122.8 (1.77) c | <0.001 | <0.01 | 0.827 |
PA intense (min/week), mean (SE) | 37.9 (1.65) a | 179.8 (1.73) b | 44.2 (2.57) a | 191.9 (2.08) c | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.114 |
Total METs (METs-min/week), mean (SE) | 874.0 (13.9) a | 2852.0 (14. 6) c | 1012.0 (21.6) b | 3019.0 (17.5) d | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.316 |
PCS12, mean (SE) | 51.67 (0.11) a | 53.54 (0.12) c | 52.33 (0.17) b | 54.54 (0.14) d | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.171 |
MCS12, mean (SE) | 41.3 (0.18) a | 43.6 (0.19) b | 43.4 (0.28) b | 45.4 (0.23) c | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.547 |
Obesogenic Score, mean (SE) | 1.90 (0.02) d | 1.41 (0.02) b | 1.63 (0.02) c | 1.27 (0.02) a | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Obesity | Diabetes | High Blood Pressure | Dyslipidemia | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | |
n | 13,026 | 695 | 13,298 | 423 | 12,536 | 1185 | 11,654 | 2067 |
Family disease, n (%) | 1971 (15.1) | 339 (48.8) * | 3654 (27.5) | 270 (63.8) * | 5500 (43.9) | 887 (74.9) * | 4297 (36.9) | 1447 (70.0) * |
PCS12, mean (SD) | 53.9 (6.6) | 49.1 (8.7) * | 53.8 (6.7) | 49.3 (8.4) * | 54.0 (6.6) | 50.2 (8.1) * | 54.1 (6.5) | 51.7 (7.7) * |
MCS12, mean (SD) | 43.7 (10.7) | 42.0 (11.4) * | 43.6 (10.7) | 44.9 (11.3) * | 43.4 (10.7) | 45.4 (10.6) * | 43.5 (10.7) | 44.0 (10.6) |
MDS14, mean (SD) | 7.5 (2.1) | 6.8 (2.3) * | 7.5 (2.2) | 6.9 (2.3) * | 7.5 (2.2) | 7.5 (2.2) | 7.5 (2.2) | 7.6 (2.2) * |
Sedentarism (>8 h) n (%) | 5424 (41.7) | 290 (41.8) | 5563 (41.9) | 151 (35.9) * | 5305 (42.4) | 409 (34.6) * | 4886 (42.0) | 828 (40.1) |
PA (METs-min/w), median [IQR] | 1722.0 [891.0, 2691.0] | 1251.0 [477.0, 2394.0] * | 1705.5 [891.0, 2691.0] | 1557.0 [688.5, 2754.0] | 1708.5 [891.0, 2691.0] | 1551.0 [742.5, 2573.3] * | 1737.0 [891.0, 2722.5] | 1525.5 [804.0, 2457.0] * |
ObS, mean (SD) | 1.58 (0.91) | 1.74 (0.92) * | 1.59 (0.91) | 1.61 (0.91) | 1.59 (0.91) | 1.58 (0.92) | 1.59 (0.91) | 1.59 (0.91) |
BMI (Kg/m2), mean (SD) | 23.8 (3.4) | 29.2 (3.1) * | 24.0 (3.5) | 25.9 (3.7) * | 23.8 (3.5) | 26.6 (3.5) * | 23.9 (3.5) | 25.2 (3.5) * |
Obesity (n = 695) | Diabetes (n = 423) | High Blood Pressure (n = 1185) | Dyslipidemia (n = 2067) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Estimate | p Value | Estimate | p Value | Estimate | p Value | Estimate | p Value | |
Sex (female) | −0.220 | 0.069 | −0.656 | <0.001 | −1.071 | <0.001 | −0.591 | <0.001 |
Age (>40 years) | 0.504 | <0.001 | 0.454 | <0.01 | 1.377 | <0.001 | 1.242 | <0.001 |
Survey (RS) | 0.781 | <0.001 | 0.881 | <0.001 | 0.430 | <0.001 | −0.074 | 0.419 |
Family disease * | 1.867 | <0.001 | 1.215 | <0.001 | 1.526 | <0.001 | 1.714 | <0.001 |
PCS12 | −0.060 | <0.001 | −0.052 | <0.001 | −0.059 | <0.001 | −0.044 | <0.001 |
MCS12 | −0.014 | <0.05 | −0.006 | 0.409 | −0.003 | 0.555 | −0.009 | <0.01 |
MDS14 | −0.074 | <0.05 | −0.035 | 0.337 | 0.026 | 0.240 | −0.014 | 0.419 |
Sedentarism (>8 h/d) | 0.162 | 0.168 | 0.0241 | 0.872 | −0.257 | <0.01 | −0.083 | 0.232 |
METs-min/week | 0.000 | 0.934 | 0.000 | 0.872 | 0.000 | 0.348 | 0.000 | 0.059 |
Smoke (Yes) | −0.080 | 0.5611 | 0.212 | 0.185 | 0.070 | 0.516 | 0.260 | <0.01 |
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Higuera-Gómez, A.; Ribot-Rodríguez, R.; Micó, V.; Cuevas-Sierra, A.; San Cristóbal, R.; Martínez, J.A. Lifestyle and Health-Related Quality of Life Relationships Concerning Metabolic Disease Phenotypes on the Nutrimdea Online Cohort. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20, 767. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20010767
Higuera-Gómez A, Ribot-Rodríguez R, Micó V, Cuevas-Sierra A, San Cristóbal R, Martínez JA. Lifestyle and Health-Related Quality of Life Relationships Concerning Metabolic Disease Phenotypes on the Nutrimdea Online Cohort. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2023; 20(1):767. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20010767
Chicago/Turabian StyleHiguera-Gómez, Andrea, Rosa Ribot-Rodríguez, Victor Micó, Amanda Cuevas-Sierra, Rodrigo San Cristóbal, and Jose Alfredo Martínez. 2023. "Lifestyle and Health-Related Quality of Life Relationships Concerning Metabolic Disease Phenotypes on the Nutrimdea Online Cohort" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 1: 767. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20010767